| Table 14. Dietary vitamin deficiency symptoms | |
| Vitamins | Deficiency signs/syndrom |
| Vitamin A (Retinol) | Anorexia, faded body colour, fin and skin |
| haemorrhage, exophthalmia, abnormal/ | |
| warped operculae | |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | Fin haemorrhage, fading of body colour, |
| anorexia, poor growth | |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | Anorexia, poor growth, high mortality rate, |
| haemorrhage of skin and fins | |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin/nicotinic acid) | Skin haemorrhage, high mortality |
| Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) | Anorexia, reduced growth, sluggishness, |
| anaemia, skin haemorrhage,exophthalmia | |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | Anorexia, poor growth, nervous disorders |
| Vitamin B7 (Biotin) | Reduced growth and activity |
| Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) | Reduced growth and haematocrit* |
| Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) | Reduced growth, low haematocrit, megaloblastic |
| anaemia* | |
| Inositol | Reduced growth, skin and fin lesions/ |
| haemorrhage, loss of skin mucosa | |
| Choline | Reduced growth, fatty liver |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) | Reduced growth, incresed mortality, |
| scoliosis, lordosis, hypochromic macrocytic | |
| anaemia | |
| Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) | Muscular dystrophy, mortality, exophthalmia |
| Data source: Tacon (1992) | |
| Reported deficiency symptom for Cirrhinus mrigala (Agrawal and Mahajan, 1980) | |
| Reported deficiency signs for Labeo rohita (John and Mahajan, 1979) | |
| All other information are of common carp | |