海上网箱 (Francesco Cardia提供照片) |
海上网箱 (Francesco Cardia提供照片) |
水道(Patrick Prouzet提供照片) |
幼苗水箱 (Robert Vassallo提供照片) |
病害 | 病原体 | 类型 | 综合病症 | 措施 |
巴氏杆菌病 | 美人鱼光杆菌杀鱼亚种 (Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida) | 细菌 | 厌食;鳃坏疽点 | 亲体和幼体疫苗;使用免疫增强剂和维生素治疗;供水系统良好卫生和消毒;抗生素 |
弧菌病 | 美人鱼光杆菌 (Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae) | 细菌 | 皮肤发黑;无生气;腹扩张;出血 | 避免使用高油脂饲料;抗生素 |
溶藻弧菌 (Vibrio alginolyticus) | 细菌 | 出血;皮肤发黑;皮肤损坏 | 良好卫生;抗生素 | |
鳗弧菌 (Vibrio anguillarum) | 细菌 | 无生气;厌食;头向下 | 供水系统良好卫生和消毒;抗生素 | |
淋巴囊肿病 | 虹彩病毒 (Iridoviridae ) | 病毒 | 白色假瘤 | 减少投饲率;减少生物量;避免额外惊吓得病的鱼;低致病性–无治疗 |
水生呼肠孤病毒病 | 水生呼肠孤病毒 | 病毒 | 无 | 低致病性 –无治疗 |
内脏扩张综合症(DGS) | 病毒形粒子 | 病毒 | 腹扩张;无方向自旋游动;头向下不动 | 在首次幼体期用UV有效处理进水 |
寄生性肠炎 | 粘孢子虫 (Myxidium leei ) | 体内寄生虫 | 无生气;腹扩张; 色素沉着过度 | 避免惊吓鱼;无治疗 |
冬季综合症 | 鳗鱼败血杆菌 (多因子) (Pseudomonas anguilliseptica ) | 细菌 | “腹涨”综合症,有或无出血症 | 陆上培育单位有效消毒并干池; 采用投饲办法使鱼准备过冬;抗生素治疗无效 |
Aquaflow. 2001. Guidelines for best environmental practice. Technical leaflet 2001-007. European Network for the Dissemination of Aquaculture RTD Information (Q5CA-200-30105) and previously FAIR-3837. |
Caggiano, M. 2000. Quality in harvesting and post-harvesting procedures - influence on quality. Fish freshness and quality assessment for seabass and seabream. Global quality assessment in Mediterranean aquaculture Zaragoza: CIHEAM-IAMZ, 2000. 149 pp. (Cahiers Options Méditerrannéennes No. 51). |
Cataudella S. & Bronzi P. (eds.) 2001- Acquacoltura responsabile. Unimar-Uniprom, Rome, Italy: 683 pp. |
Le-Breton, A.1996. An overview of the main infectious problems in cultured seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and seabream Sparus aurata: solutions? pp. 67-86 In: Handbook of contributions and short communications presented at the International Workshop on 'Seabass and Seabream Culture: Problems and Prospects', Verona, Italy, from October 16-18, 1996. European Aquaculture Society, Oostende, Belgium. |
Moretti, A., Pedini Fernandez-Criado, M., Cittolin, G. & Guidastri, R. 1999. Manual on hatchery production of seabass and gilthead seabream , Vol.1. FAO, Rome, Italy. 194 pp. |
Ravagnan, G. 1992. Vallicoltura integrata. Ed. Edagricole, Bologna, Italy. 502 pp. |
Stickney, R.R. (ed.). 2000. Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Toronto. |