Members of the Working Party
ARIAS ARIAS, Plinio Antonio
Director Division Pesca Artesanal
INDERENA, Ministerio de Agricultura
Diagonal 34 # 5-16 piso 4
Casilla
Bogotá
COLOMBIA
Tel. 287-5627
Télex 044428
ARRIZAGA MIRANDA, Alberto
Jefe Dpto. Ciencias del Mar
BIOTECMAR
Univers. Católica Sede Talcahuano
Prat 88
Casilla 127
Talcahuano
CHILE
Tel. 542592
FAX (041) 542134 THNO
BRAVO, Numa Ausberto
Técnico Economista, Preparación y
Evaluación de Proyectos,
Producción y Comercialización
Proyecto Recursos Hidrobiológicos
Ministerio de Agricultura
Edif. Alborada, Juan de la Riva esq Loayza, 9o piso Of. 904
Casilla 1728
Murillo, La Paz
BOLIVIA
Tel. 379062 - 361306
CORTEZ SOLIS, Juan
Jefe Proyecto Técnicas de
Extracción y Conservación de
Recursos Pesqueros
Instituto de Investigaciones de la
Amazonía Peruana - IIAP
Direc. de Recursos Hidrobiológicos
Avda. Abelardo Quiñones Km 2
Iquitos
PERU
Tel. 23-5527, 23-2925
Telex 91085 PE IAP IQ
RODRIGUEZ GALLARDO, Pablo
Técnico en Operaciones Pesqueras
División de Administración
Pesquera
Ministerio de Agricultura y
Ganadería, CENDEPESCA
Final 1er. Av. Norte Santa Tecla
Casilla
San Salvador
EL SALVADOR
Tel. 281066-280034-280074
FAX (502) 280034
ROJAS, Lourdes
Coordinadora Proyecto Pesquero
Domínico-Alemán Propescar Sur
Departamento Recursos Pesqueros
Secretaríade Agricultura
Centro de Los Héroes
Santo Domingo,
REPUBLICA DOMINCANA
Tel. 533-6161 ext. 254
ZARATE VILLAREAL, Mauricio
Jefe Proyecto Estación de Biología
Pesquera y Limnología
San Cristóbal-Bolivar-Colombia
INDERENA
Apartado Aéreo 24-29
Cartagena
COLOMBIA
Tel. 651943 - 651945
Other participants of the host country
ARANDA ORREGO, Enrique
Jefe Departamento Tecnología
Pesquera y Cultivos
Instituto de Fomento Pesquero
Pedro de Valdivia 2633
Santiago, CHILE
Tel. 2252331
FAX 2252331
MENDOZA URIARTE, Oscar
Investigador Jefe de Proyectos
Grupo de Estudios Pesqueros
Erasmo Escala 2117 Dpto. E
Casilla 13996
Santiago, CHILE
Tel. 6985890
PRIETO, Mercedes
Christiansen 762 Dpto. 21
Santiago
CHILE
Tel. 2117698
FAO STAFF
FAGETTI, Elda
Oficial Regional de Pesca
Secretaria de la COPESCAL
Oficina Regional para América
Latina y el Caribe
Avda. Santa María 6700
Casilla 10095
Santiago, CHILE
Tel. 2288056
FAX 484312 Telex 340279 FAOCHI CK
MENA-MILLAR, Andrés
Secretario Técnico
Oficial de Enlace Pesca, FIPL
FAO Roma
Via delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Roma, ITALIA
Tel. 5797-6473
FAX Telex 610181 FAO
CHAKALALL, Bisessar
Oficial Regional de Pesca
c/o Representación de la FAO
P.O. Box 822
Port-of-Spain
TRINIDAD Y TABAGO
Tel. (809) 625-0467/8
FAX (809) 623-099
Telex 22724 FAOTT WG
LORIA, Luigi
Director
Proyecto GCP/RLA/075/ITA
Esplanada dos Ministerios-Bloco D
Ministerio da Agricultura
Predio Anexo B-Sala 03
70.043 Brasilia D.F., Brasil
Secretarial assistance (RLAC)
Secretaries
GUERRA, Patricia
VERA, Eleazar
Administration
EELES, Harriet
Opening ceremony
Approval of the programme and organization of the meeting
Revision of the objectives and activities of the Working Party
National fishermen organizations and their role in management and development of artisanal fisheries
Socio-economic needs of artisanal fisheries communities
Women and youth in production, processing and marketing of artisanal fisheries: opportunities and limitations
Economic problems and development prospects of artisanal fisheries in Latin America
Credit lines for artisanal fisheries production, processing and marketing
Extension services and training methods for artisanal fisheries comunities
Other matters
Activities for the next inter-sessional period
Date and place of next session
Adoption of the report
Documents for discussion
Programa Provisional
Lista de documentos
ZARATE VILLAREAL, M., Necesidades socioeconómicas de las comunidades pesqueras continentales: el caso de Colombia. 6 p.
Papel de la mujer y de la juventud en la pesca artesanal. 2 p. (FAO, Mimeo)
Problemas económicos y perspectivas de desarrollo de la pesca artesanal en la región de la COPESCAL. 6 p. (FAO, Mimeo)
Líneas de crédito para la producción, el procesamiento y el mercado de la pesca artesanal: oportunidades y limitaciones. 3 p. (FAO, Mimeo)
ARRIZAGA MIRANDA, A., Transferencia de tecnología para el subsector pesquero artesanal. 13 p. (FAO, Mimeo)
Servicios de tecnología pesquera y centros comunitarios de pesca. 4 p. (FAO, Mimeo)
Information documents
ARIAS ARIAS, P., comp. 1988. Artes y métodos de pesca en aguas continentales de América Latina. COPESCAL Documento Ocasional # 4. 178 p.
BEN-YAMI, M. y ANDERSON, A.M. 1987. Centros comunitarios de pesca: pautas para su fundación y operación. FAO Documento Técnico de Pesca # 264. 68 p.
FAO. 1989. La mujer en las comunidades pesqueras, orientaciones. Un grupo destinatario especial de los proyectos de desarrollo. Roma. 63 p.
HANNESSON, R. and KURIEN, J. 1988. Studies on the role of fishermen's organizations in fisheries management. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper # 300. 48 p.
NAUTILUS CONSULTANTS LTD. 1987. Manual for the management of small fishery enterprises. FI:GCP/INT/342/AUL. 192 p.
PRADO, J. y DREMIERE, P.Y. 1988. Guía de bolsillo del pescador. Barcelona, 1988. 179 p. Publicado por acuerdo con la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación.
TIETZE, U. and MERRIKIN, P., eds. 1989. Fisheries credit programme and revolving loan funds: case studies. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper
Taking into account the subjects dealt with as well as ideas, suggestions and advice expressed in the course of the Working Party's Session, the Technical Secretariat proposed the following activities to be carried out during the inter-sessional period:
Promote TCDC type activities, to be coordinated by RLAC, such as training and introduction of appropriate technologies, through the Technical Cooperation Network in Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture.
Exchange information among countries through the Network's Circular Letters.
Carry out concrete studies in connection with fishermen organizations in the countries of the Region, with a view to assessing the causes of their successes or failures, in order to design strategies for the socio-economic development of artisanal fisheries.
Undertake specific studies for obtaining more information on the causes of the success or failure of credit programmes.
Analyze and evaluate fisheries planning systems and processes in some countries, members of COPESCAL.
Carry out inventories of successful artisanal technologies and projects, with the purpose of exchanging experiences among the countries of the Region.
The Working Party accepted the Technical Secretariat's proposals and agreed to collaborate in their implementation.
BOLIVIA
Bolivia has a long fishing tradition with a slow and moderate integration of the communities to the national economy. These were originally conformed by family clans and for about 15 years they have started grouping themselves into associative forms, although with a low participation of the members, in order to improve production, marketing, training and other aspects, as a consequence also of scarce support by the State. Some fishery organizations have encouraged paid labour of women, in capture and processing, domestic services, making fishing nets, and marketing of fish products.
It is important to highlight the cooperation of international agencies in coordination with the Fisheries Development Center and some regional development corporations, in the modification of the conditions of fishery organizations.
It is recommended: a) to improve fishing methods and operation techniques; b) to design programmes for an active participation of fishermen's organizations starting from an integrated approach that will improve the processes of organization of the productive agents, establish channels of institutional cooperation and coordination; and c) provide soft loans to expand the working capital of the fishery production units.
COLOMBIA
There are approximately 100,000 fishermen in Colombia, most of them unorganized. However, there are two main associations, the Association of Artisanal Fishermen of Colombia (ANPAC) and the Association of Fishermen of the Magdalena River (APECMAG).
These communities of fishermen, both for marine and continental fisheries collaborate with the development of fisheries, supporting the national fisheries development strategy, of CESPA, adopted by the Government of Colombia, which aims at improving the quality of life of the fisherman through training and community organizations, improvement of production and technology, and support for marketing of fish products.
An identification of problems and solutions at the regional level is recommended in order to establish methodologies that can serve as guidelines to achieve a development of artisanal fisheries consequent with the particular conditions of each country.
CHILE
The interest in organizing artisanal fishermen in Chile dates back to colonial times. At present there are two organizations at the national level: ANPACH (National Association of Artisanal Fishermen of Chile) and CONAPACH (National Council of Artisanal Fishermen of Chile), the latter being of more social weight. There are also other isolated cooperatives.
The structures and relations maintained by the mentioned institutions are of different weight. ANPACH has practically no relations with other social and cultural agents. CONAPACH, on the other hand, is fluid in this type of relations, both in the country and abroad.
As regards their functions, CONAPACH has hegemony in the field of formation of leaders for the sector, in organizational management, in the training of fishermen, etc. The functions of CONAPACH can be regarded as successful while the structures of the cooperatives and the operation of ANPACH can be considered deficient.
It is recommened: a) to ensure the permanent formation of young leaders; b) to encourage communication among the fishing communities; c) to promote adequate fisheries extension; d) to create awareness in the society of the role of artisanal fisheries; e) to study a system of adequate credits; f) to promote the integrated development of the fishing communities; and g) that the fishermen, through their organizations collaborate and participate in the previous proposals.
EL SALVADOR
There are two types of organizations in El Salvador: the cooperatives and the solidary groups. The internal structure of the cooperatives is formed by the General Assembly, the Administration Council, the Surveillance Boards and the Committee on Marketing and Education. They maintain contact with the Fisheries Development Center, CENDEPESCA, which provides technical advice and assistance; the farmers' associations and INSAFACOOP (organization and registration); credit institutions: B.F.A., Fedecredito, Figape; international agencies: AID, FAO, IDB, UNDP, for the purposes of technical assistance and financing.
The organizations existing in the country have been successful in ordering the activity of fisheries and in providing technical and credit assistance, as well as in progressive integrated training.
It is recommended to strengthen the development of fisheries through a methodology with a high content of elements of promotion, organization, management, training, transfer of technology and coordination, which would allow the consolidation of fishing communities both as enterprises and socially.
PERU
The artisanal fishermen of the Peruvian Amazonia are better organized in the great cities of the Amazon region, such as Iquitos, Pucallpa and Yurimaguas, from the legal, administrative, economic and social points of view, while those in the rural area are isolated with very little technical and governmental support. Their main reason for wanting to group themselves is their concern for defending their fishing areas.
The first group mentioned has great advantages over the second one because it has weight at the level of institutions related to fisheries and certain access to credits, as well as advantages in infrastructures and in marketing.
It is also necessary to point out certain constraints in fisheries policy and legislation aspects, which do not contemplate organizational aspects, specific technical regulations for the management and utilization of the resource and other important aspects involved in the fisheries problem of the Amazonia.
Among the positive aspects, the following should be mentioned:
The natural distrust of the jungle inhabitants to form organized groups is gradually disappearing.
Organized artisanal fishermen are achieving respect for their fishing areas.
There is concern in the research and governmental institutions to solve the problem of the artisanal fisherman of the Amazonia.
Among the constraints are the following:
Most of the groups of artisanal fishermen have problems in technical and administrative management, with the consequent distrust of their members.
Lack of continuity in technical advice and follow-up of the problems faced by groups of fishermen. Also, there is lack of support of the central government.
Difficulties to provide technical assistance, in view of the great dispersion of the fishermen's groups in the Amazonia.
It is recommended that the problems of fishermen's associations in the Amazonian area be dealt with jointly among the countries that integrate the Amazonian Treaty (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru).
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
The formation of organizations of artisanal fishermen in the Dominican Republic dates back to the beginning of the 70's, as a result of initiatives proposed by religious sectors. At the end of that decade, the Government, with World Bank financing, supported the creation of six cooperatives. These were not as successful as had been foreseen due, mainly, to the application of technological and organizational models which were alien to the experiences of the national fishermen. In spite of this, the Government continued making efforts to improve the living conditions of the fishermen and their communities, through the establishment of two projects in the southern region of the country, with international financing. These promoted the formation of fishermen's cooperatives and associations taking as a base the social component to encourage self-help in the groups.
The groups will be structured in the form of associations and cooperatives. At present, the relations of these groups are closely connected to governmental institutions.
The associations and cooperatives participate actively in the improvement of capture techniques, obtention of credits and collaboration with the authorities to obtain information for the establishment of regulations. One of the main problems faced by fishermen organizations has been their dependency on governmental projects which provided donations and assistance. This practice is not frequent at present.
It is recommended to: a) train for self-management, through enterprises of an associative nature; b) value traditional fishing methods and improve them; c) regulate fishery activities for a better use of the resource; and d) abandon the old practice of donations.
