PRODUCTION

Production quantity

Production includes the quantities of the commodity sold in the market (marketed production) and the quantities consumed or used by the producers (auto-consumption). When the production data available refers to a production period falling into two successive calendar years and it is not possible to allocate the relative production to each of them, it is usual to refer production data to that year into which the bulk of the production falls.

Production quantity data are normally recorded in tonnes (t)

Production value

Production includes the quantities of the commodity sold in the market (marketed production) and the quantities consumed or used by the producers (auto-consumption). When the production data available refers to a production period falling into two successive calendar years and it is not possible to allocate the relative production to each of them, it is usual to refer production data to that year into which the bulk of the production falls.

Production value data are normally recorded in US dollars (or local currency)

Yield

In agriculture, crop yield (also known as "agricultural output") refers to both the measure of the yield of a crop per unit area of land cultivation, and the seed generation of the plant itself (e.g. if three grains are harvested for each grain seeded, the resulting yield is 1:3). The figure, 1:3 is considered by agronomists as the minimum required to sustain human life. The unit by which the yield of a crop is measured is kilograms per hectare

Area Harvested

Data refer to the area from which a crop is gathered. Area harvested, therefore, excludes the area from which, although sown or planted, there was no harvest due to damage, failure, etc. It is usually net for temporary crops and sometimes gross for permanent crops. Net area differs from gross area insofar as the latter includes uncultivated patches, footpaths, ditches, headlands, shoulders, shelterbelts, etc. If the crop under consideration is harvested more than once during the year as a consequence of successive cropping (i.e. the same crop is sown or planted more than once in the same field during the year), the area is counted as many times as harvested. On the contrary, area harvested will be recorded only once in the case of successive gathering of the crop during the year from the same standing crops. With regard to mixed and associated crops, the area sown relating to each crop should be reported separately. When the mixture refers to particular crops, generally grains, it is recommended to treat the mixture as if it were a single crop; therefore, area sown is recorded only for the crop reported

Area sown

It refers to the area on which sowing or planting has been carried out, for the crop under consideration, on the soil prepared for that purpose. The area is usually reported net of uncultivated patches, footpaths, ditches, headlands, shoulders, shelterbelts, etc. For tree crops, the gross concept may be applied. With regard to mixed and associated crops, countries are requested to report the area sown for each crop separately. When the mixture refers to particular crops, generally grains, it is recommended to treat the mixture as if it were a single crop. Data are recorded in hectares (ha).

The information on area sown allows for a particular application of the SUA system where the quantity allotted for next year‟s sowing, which enters the account of this year, is calculated as a seeding rate times the area sown of the next year.

Seeds quantity

Data include the amounts of the commodity in question set aside for sowing or planting (or generally for reproduction purposes, e.g. sugar cane planted, potatoes for seed, eggs for hatching and fish for bait, whether domestically produced or imported) during the reference period. Account is taken of double or successive sowing or planting whenever it occurs. The data of seed include also, when it is the case, the quantities necessary for sowing or planting the area relating to crops harvested green for fodder or for food.(e.g. green peas, green beans, maize for forage).

FOOD AVAILABILITY

Protein quantity

It refers to the total amount of protein available for human consumption resulting from the multiplication of the quantity of food available.

Lipid quantity

It Refers to the total amount of fat available for human consumption resulting from the multiplication of the quantity of food available.

Food supply quantity

Data refer to the total amount of the commodity available as human food during the reference period. Data include the commodity in question, as well as any commodity derived there from as a result of further processing. Food from maize, for example, comprises the amount of maize, maize meal and any other products derived there from available for human consumption. Food from milk relates to the amounts of milk as such, as well as the fresh milk equivalent of dairy products.

TRADE

Export quantity

The quantity of food and agricultural exports is expressed in terms of weight (tones) for all commodities except for live animals which are expressed in units (heads); As a general rule, trade quantity refers to net weight, excluding any sort of container.

Export value

Value of agricultural exports should be reported in national currency, US dollars or other currency.

Import quantity

The quantity of food and agricultural imports is expressed in terms of weight (tones) for all commodities except for live animals which are expressed in units (heads); As a general rule, trade quantity refers to net weight, excluding any sort of container.

Import value

Value of agricultural imports should be reported in national currency, US dollars or other currency.

Consumption quantity

Data refers to quantities of products used in (or sold to) the agricultural sector.

Re-export quantity

Re-exports refer to foreign goods exported from any part of the economic territory of a country in the same state as previously imported. The term “in the same state” is applicable to foreign goods even if they underwent minor processing which did not change their origin. The scope of re-exports is not restricted to goods flows identified as re-exports in customs records. It includes, for instance, foreign goods which are withdrawn, in the same state, from the free circulation area. Sometimes the latter category of goods is given a special name (e.g. “nationalized” goods) and is included in the outright exportation, not in re-exports. Such practice is not recommended however, since it does not correctly reflect the structure of a compiling country's total exports. Foreign goods which enter a country for temporary storage (e.g. in customs warehouses) and leave the country shortly afterwards are to be excluded from trade statistics (i.e. they are not to be treated as re-exports).

Quantity data is in metric tonnes

Re-export value

Re-exports refer to foreign goods exported from any part of the economic territory of a country in the same state as previously imported. The term “in the same state” is applicable to foreign goods even if they underwent minor processing which did not change their origin. The scope of re-exports is not restricted to goods flows identified as re-exports in customs records. It includes, for instance, foreign goods which are withdrawn, in the same state, from the free circulation area. Sometimes the latter category of goods is given a special name (e.g. “nationalized” goods) and is included in the outright exportation, not in re-exports. Such practice is not recommended however, since it does not correctly reflect the structure of a compiling country's total exports. Foreign goods which enter a country for temporary storage (e.g. in customs warehouses) and leave the country shortly afterwards are to be excluded from trade statistics (i.e. they are not to be treated as re-exports).

Values are expressed in thousand US dollars (or could be local currency, reporting the US dollar exchange rate)

Re-import quantity

Re-imports are goods imported in the same state as previously exported. They are included in the country imports. It is recommended that they be recorded separately for analytical purposes. This may require the use of supplementary sources of information in order to determine the origin of reimports, i.e., to determine that the goods in question are indeed re-imports rather than the import of goods that have acquired foreign origin through processing.

There are several reasons why an exported good might return to the country of origin. The exported good might be defective, the importer might have defaulted on payments or cancelled the order, the authorities might have imposed an import barrier, or demand or prices in the country of origin might have made it worthwhile to bring the good back.

Quantity data is in tonnes

Re-import value

Re-imports are goods imported in the same state as previously exported. They are included in the country imports. It is recommended that they be recorded separately for analytical purposes. This may require the use of supplementary sources of information in order to determine the origin of reimports, i.e., to determine that the goods in question are indeed re-imports rather than the import of goods that have acquired foreign origin through processing.

There are several reasons why an exported good might return to the country of origin. The exported good might be defective, the importer might have defaulted on payments or cancelled the order, the authorities might have imposed an import barrier, or demand or prices in the country of origin might have made it worthwhile to bring the good back.

Values are expressed in thousand US dollars (or could be local currency, reporting the US dollar exchange rate)

MACHINERY

Machines in service

A broad concept of machinery and equipment is used for the agricultural census, covering all machinery, equipment and implements used as inputs to agricultural production. This includes everything from simple hand tools, such as a hoe, to complex machinery such as a combine harvester. However, the main interest centers on farm mechanization. Advanced countries focus on machinery such as tractors, harvesting machines and office equipment. However, less developed countries may be interested in some animal or even hand-powered items of equipment, as well as machinery. Items of machinery and equipment should be clearly described; a seeder, for example could be anything from simple manual seeding device to a complex piece of machinery.

POPULATION

Population

The population usually refers to the present-in-area (de facto) population which includes all persons physically present within the present geographical boundaries of countries at the midpoint of the reference period. (Cod. 511)

Economically active population

This refers to the number of all employed and unemployed persons (including those seeking work for the first time). It covers employers; self-employed workers; salaried employees; wage earners; unpaid workers assisting in a family, farm or business operation; members of producers' cooperatives; and members of the armed forces. The economically active population is also called the labor force. (Cod. 591)

Population total density

Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually quoted per square kilometre or square mile (which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers). Commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world.

Population growth Rate

The "population growth rate" is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period.

Life expectancy

Life expectancy measures the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of their birth, their current age and other demographic factors including sex. The most commonly used measure of life expectancy is at birth (LEB), which can be defined in two ways: while cohort LEB is the mean length of life of an actual birth cohort (all individuals born a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts that were born many decades ago, so that all their members died, period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort assumed to be exposed since birth until death of all their members to the mortality rates observed at a given year.

PRICES

Consumer price

Consumer price index is used to indicate the change in prices against a reference period of a basket of goods and services purchased by households. Based on the purpose of the CPI, different basket of goods and services can be selected. For macroeconomic purposes, a broad based basket is used to represent the relative price movement of household final consumption expenditure.

Producer price

In constructing index numbers of prices received by farmers, prices of all the important agricultural commodities produced in a country need to be used. In terms of value of production, the commodities included should represent at least 80 per cent of the total value. The prices of these commodities should be farm-gate prices, or prices at the first points of sale converted into farm-gate prices. Monthly average prices, or prices collected once in a month, would serve the purpose.

Weights may be assigned to the price relatives of the selected commodities on the basis of proportionate average values of the marketings of each commodity during the weight base period. If, however data on marketed quantities are difficult to collect values of production, or marketable surpluses may be used instead. The index is calculated with “Laspeyres” formula.

Commercial rate

The commercial rate is a rate lower than normal due to frequent business. It’s also known as corporate rate.

Official rate

The official rate is the exchange rate, in foreign exchange, set by the local government

Wholesale price

The index is calculated with “Laspeyres” Formula, on the Wholesale prices series for agricultural products

Annual average price

An average price is a representative measure of a range of prices that is calculated by taking the sum of the values and dividing it by the number of prices being examined. The average price reduces the range into a single value, which can then be compared to any previous average price to determine if the value is higher or lower than what would be expected.

VALUE ADDED

Constant prices

Constant prices are obtained by directly factoring changes over time in the values of flows or stocks of goods and services into two components reflecting changes in the prices of the goods and services concerned and changes in their volumes (i.e. changes in “constant price terms”); the term “at constant prices” commonly refers to series which use a fixed-base Laspeyres formula.

Current prices

A stock of assets is expressed at current prices when all members of the stock are valued at theprices of the year in question.

LAND USE

Administrative Area

Area of the country including area under inland water bodies, but excluding offshore territorial waters. Possible variations in the data may be due to updating and revisions of the country data and not necessarily to any change of area.

Administrative Area = Land Area + Inland water

Agricultural area

Agricultural area refers to:

(a) arable land - land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. Data for arable land are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable;

(b) permanent crops - land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee and rubber; this category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber;

(c) permanent meadows and pastures - land used permanently (five years or more) for herbaceous forage crops, either cultivated or growing wild (wild prairie or grazing land).

Agricultural Area = Arable land and Permanent crops + Permanent meadows and pastures

Arable land

Arable land refers to land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included. Data for arable land is not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable.

Arable land = Temporary crops + Temporary meadows and pastures+ Fallow land (temporary: less than 5 years)

Arable land and permanent crops area

Arable and permanent crops refer to the sum of areas under “Arable land” and "Permanent crops”.

Arable land and Permanent crops = Arable land + Permanent crops

Area equipped for irrigation

Area equipped to provide water (via irrigation) to the crops. It includes areas equipped for full and partial control irrigation, equipped lowland areas, pastures, and areas equipped for spate irrigation.

Fallow Land

Fallow land (temporary) is the cultivated land that is not seeded for one or more growing seasons. The maximum idle period is usually less than five years. Land remaining fallow for two long may acquire characteristics requiring to be reclassified, such as "permanent meadows and pastures" (if used for grazing), "forest or wooded land" (if overgrown with trees), or "other land" (if it becomes wasteland).

Forest area

Forest area is the land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters (m) in situ. Areas under reforestation that have not yet reached but are expected to reach a canopy cover of 10 percent and a tree height of 5 m are included, as are temporarily unstocked areas, resulting from human intervention or natural causes, which are expected to regenerate. Includes: areas with bamboo and palms provided that height and canopy cover criteria are met; forest roads, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest in national parks, nature reserves and other protected areas such as those of specific scientific, historical, cultural or spiritual interest; windbreaks, shelterbelts and corridors of trees with an area of more than 0.5 ha and width of more than 20 m; plantations primarily used for forestry or protective purposes, such as: rubber-wood plantations and cork, oak stands. It excludes: tree stands in agricultural production systems, for example in fruit plantations and agro forestry systems. The term also excludes trees in urban parks and gardens.

Inland water

It is the area occupied by major rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

Land Area

Total land area excluding area under inland water bodies. The definition of inland water bodies generally includes major rivers and lakes. Possible variations in the data may be due to updating and revisions of the country data and not necessarily to any change of area.

Land Area = Agricultural Area + Forest Area + Other wooded land + Other Land

Other land

All other land is the land not classified as Agricultural land, Forest area and Other wooded land. It includes built-up and related land, barren land, etc.

Other wooded land

Other wooded land is the land spanning more than 0.005 km2 (0.5 hectares); with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees above 10 percent. Mangroves and forests on wetlands according to the above height and canopy should be included. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use

Permanent crops area

Permanent crops is the land cultivated with long-term crops which do not have to be replanted for several years (such as cocoa and coffee); land under trees and shrubs producing flowers, such as roses and jasmine; and nurseries (except those for forest trees, which should be classified under "forest"). Permanent meadows and pastures are excluded from land under permanent crops.

Permanent meadows and pastures

It is the land used permanently (five years or more) to grow herbaceous forage crops, either cultivated or growing wild (wild prairie or grazing land).

Permanent meadows and pastures = Permanent meadows and pastures – Cultivated (more than 5 years) + Permanent meadows and pastures - Naturally grown

Temporary crops area

Temporary crops is all land used for crops with a less than one-year growing cycle and which must be newly sown or planted for further production after the harvest.

Temporary meadows and pastures

It is the land temporarily cultivated with herbaceous forage crops for mowing or pasture. A period of less than five years is used to differentiate between temporary and permanent meadows.

EMPLOYMENT

Unemployment Rate

Unemployed workers are those who are currently not working but are willing and able to work for pay, currently available to work, and have actively searched for work.[29] Individuals who are actively seeking job placement must make the effort to: be in contact with an employer, have job interviews, contact job placement agencies, send out resumes, submit applications, respond to advertisements, or some other means of active job searching within the prior four weeks. Simply looking at advertisements and not responding will not count as actively seeking job placement.

The unemployment rate is expressed as a percentage of unemployed workers over the total labour force.

Labour force Participation Rate

The labour force participation rate is the ratio between the labour force and the overall size of their cohort (national population of the same age range).

WATER

Average rainfall

The arithmetically averaged total amount of precipitation recorded during a calendar month or year. Both mean and median (decile 5) rainfall are included in these statistics, although from the meteorological point of view the median is usually the preferred measure of 'average' or 'typical' rainfall. This is because of the high variability of daily rainfall - one extreme rainfall event (such as a slowly moving, severe thunderstorm) will have less effect on the median than it will have on the arithmetic mean.

Max temperature

The average daily maximum air temperature, for each month and as an annual statistic, calculated over all years of record.

Min temperature

The long-term average daily minimum air temperature observed during a calendar month and over the year.

LIVESTOCK

Slaughtered animals

Figures relate to the number of animals slaughtered within national boundaries, irrespective of their origin. Data are reported in number of heads (units) except for poultry, rabbits which are reported in thousand units ('000).

Live animals

This variable indicates the number of animals of the species present in the country at the time of enumeration. It includes animals raised either for draft purposes or for meat, eggs and dairy production or kept for breeding. Live animals in captivity for fur or skin such as foxes, minks etc. are not included in the system although fur skin trade is reported. The enumeration to be chosen, when more than one survey is taken, is the closest to the beginning of the calendar year. Livestock data are reported in number of heads (units) except for poultry, rabbits and other rodents which are reported in thousand units. For FAO, figures for the year N relate to animals enumerated by the country any day between October of the year N-1 and September of the year N.

Female Live Animals

This variable indicates the number of female animals of the species present in the country at the time of enumeration. Female live animals data are reported in number of heads (units).

Lactating Animals

This variable indicates the number of animals producing or secreting milk present in the country at the time of enumeration. Lactating animals data are reported in number of heads (units).

Laying hens

Covers the number ('000) of all domestic birds which have contributed to egg production during the year, wherever they lay and the corresponding total production, including eggs intended to be used for hatching but excluding waste on farms.

NATIONAL ACCOUNT

GPD

The GDP is an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).

GDP growth

The GDP growth is a measure, normally expressed as a percentage, of the rate of change that a nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) experiences from one year to another.

GDP per capita

Per capita GDP is a measure of the total output of a country that takes the gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful when comparing one country to another because it shows the relative performance of the countries. A rise in per capita GDP signals growth in the economy and tends to translate as an increase in productivity.

FISHERY

Aquaculture production

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms: fish, molluscs, crustaceans, aquatic plants, crocodiles, alligators, turtles, and amphibians. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes, aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture, while aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property resource, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of capture fisheries.

Inland Aquaculture production

Data include fish from lakes, rivers, brooks, streams, ponds, inland canals, dams, and other landlocked (usually freshwater) waters (such as the Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, etc.).

Marine Aquaculture production

By mariculture is understood that the cultivation of the end product takes place in seawater, such as fjords, inshore and open waters and inland seas in which the salinity generally exceeds 20‰. Earlierstages in the life cycle of these aquatic organisms may be spent in brackish water or freshwater.

Marine/Brackish Aquaculture production

Data include fish, from marine and brackish environments. The harvest from inland waters is not included.

Capture production

Total annual capture fish production includes total annual capture inland fish production and total annual capture marine fish production. Units are expressed for quantity in tonnes and value in US$

Inland Capture production

The term "INLAND WATERS" may be used to refer to lakes, rivers, brooks, streams, ponds, inland canals, dams, and other land-locked (usually freshwater) waters (such as the Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, etc.).

Marine Capture production

The term "MARINE WATERS" is intended to refer to oceans and seas including adjacent saltwater areas. It includes total annual capture marine industrial fish (it refers to both recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, and the harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors) and total annual capture marine artisanal fish production (it refers to traditional fisheries such as fishing households. They use relatively small amount of capital and energy, relatively small fishing vessels (if any), making short fishing trips, close to shore, mainly for local consumption. In practice, definition varies between countries, e.g. from gleaning or a one-man canoe in poor developing countries, to more than 20 m. trawlers, seiners, or long-liners in developed ones. Artisanal fisheries can be subsistence or commercial fisheries, providing for local consumption or export. Sometimes referred to as small-scale fisheries.

Marine/Brackish Capture production

Data include fish, from marine and brackish environments. The harvest from inland waters is not included.