Land & Water

Land Resources Planning Toolbox

This category of tools gives prominence to biophysical attributes (climate, soil, terrain, water, etc.) and their interactions in the land evaluation process. The output, in most cases, guides the users to suitable options for land use alternatives, based mainly on biophysical attributes. Land suitability and similarity analysis are typical examples. Documents describing principles, approaches and guidelines for land evaluation are included, as well as different tools for classifying soils based on the suitability for a specific use, capability or potential, fertility constraints and management and linkages to yield, productivity, physical and chemical properties. Sophisticated or simplified modelling of crop growth and yield predictions, also fall into this category.

The tools in this category use as inputs information on both biophysical characteristics  and social and economic conditions and generally incorporate principles, approaches and methods of participatory land use planning, with the overall objective of reaching mutually beneficial outcomes for all stakeholders.

The tools in this category give prominence to the characterization of social and economic settings required for land use planning and includes approaches and methods of participatory decision-making. Biophysical conditions may be considered in these tools, but not in depth.

This category includes databases that can facilitate land evaluation and land use planning by providing information that may serve as inputs for the process. These databases provide maps and data on soil and terrain characteristics, land degradation, land cover, land use, climatic data including future projections, crops and yields, food, agriculture, water resources, adaptability/suitability of identified plant species for a given environment, and socio-economic data and statistics on poverty, population, tenure and gender.

This category of tools do not produce results that have direct use for land evaluation and land use planning, but has a supporting role by providing various types of data  that can be used in land evaluation studies and as input data sets for land use planning.

Number of records: 171
 The global map of urban extent has a spatial resolution of 15 arc-seconds (about 500 m) and was obtained from MODIS imagery through a supervised decision tree classification algorithm using region-specific parameters. It provides a consistent and seamless map of urban, built-up and settled areas for...
Type: Maps/GIS
Scale: Global, Regional
Thematic areas: Land use/cover
User Category: Technical specialist
The TerrAfrica partnership between FAO, the World Bank, NEPAD and other implementing agencies offers  a knowledge platform for sharing lessons and developing tools and learning materials for scaling up and mainstreaming sustainable land management (SLM) into development planning and relevant sectoral and investment plans, portfolios and...
Type: Documentation/Manuals,Framework/Guidelines
Scale: National, Sub-national/Province/District, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Land management/planning
User Category: Technical specialist, Scientific advisor, Policy maker
The Spatial Planning and Monitoring of Landscape Interventions (SPMLI) publication is one of the training manuals developed as part of the TerrAfrica program. It is designed to stimulate the use of maps in cross-sectoral collaborations to locate, design and monitor interventions in rural landscapes. The manual provides guidance on...
Type: Documentation/Manuals,Framework/Guidelines
Scale: Locality/Farm/Site, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Land management/planning
User Category: Technical specialist, Facilitator, Stakeholder
The Self-evaluation and Holistic Assessment of Climate Resilience of Farmers and Pastoralists (SHARP) is a tool developed by FAO, available as a tablet or smartphone app,  that enables smallholder farmers and pastoralists to assess their own climate resilience. The SHARP tool is implemented in three phases: (1)...
Type: Questionnaire/Survey
Scale: Locality/Farm/Site
Thematic areas: Climate, Farming systems
User Category: Facilitator, Stakeholder
Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) is generally described as a systematic but semi-structured activity carried out in the field by a multidisciplinary team, designed to obtain new information and to formulate new hypotheses about rural life. The RRA methodology was developed to overcome the disadvantages of formal survey methods in rural...
Type: Framework/Guidelines
Scale: Locality/Farm/Site, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Farming systems
User Category: Technical specialist, Facilitator
Participatory video (PVIDEO) is a process in which a group or community creates their own film. PVIDEO differs from conventional documentary making in that the subjects themselves shape issues according to their own sense of what is important, and that they control how they will be represented. The idea behind...
Type: Educational materials
Scale: Locality/Farm/Site
Thematic areas: Social - participatory approaches
User Category: Stakeholder
Participatory and Negotiated Territorial Development (PNTD) is an approach that aims to promote a systemic territorial development by improving trust among social actors and strengthening social cohesion. PNTD fits within the array of participatory, bottoms-up approaches that have emerged over the last 30 years in response to the failure...
Type: Framework/Guidelines
Scale: Sub-national/Province/District, Locality/Farm/Site, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Social - participatory approaches
User Category: Technical specialist, Facilitator, Stakeholder
This FAO Working Paper is the synthesis of a workshop on Participatory Land Use Planning (PLUP) and provides guidelines for facilitators of similar workshops on the PLUP theme. PLUP is defined as the systematic assessment of physical, social and economic factors in such a way as to encourage and assist...
Type: Framework/Guidelines
Scale: Sub-national/Province/District, Locality/Farm/Site, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Land management/planning, Social - participatory approaches
User Category: Facilitator
This FAO publication explains concepts relevant to integrated planning, important elements to consider in such approach, issues to be resolved, objectives and implementation, and institutional aspects .Key concepts for Integrated planning are defined: land, land resources and other environmental resources to be considered in land use planning, zoning and links...
Type: Framework/Guidelines
Scale: National, Sub-national/Province/District, Locality/Farm/Site, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Land management/planning
User Category: Policy maker
Land and Water Division Working Paper 6 explains the rationale for the four key principles of participatory planning of natural resource management through the Participatory and Negotiated Territorial Development (PNTD) approach: (1) integrated approach; (2) decentralization; (3) participation; (4) negotiation. 1) Need for integration The need for an integrated approach...
Type: Framework/Guidelines
Scale: National, Sub-national/Province/District, Locality/Farm/Site, Watershed/Basin/Landscape
Thematic areas: Social - participatory approaches
User Category: Policy maker