Since the land reforms of the 1990s, dualistic farm structures characterize the landscape of most transition countries in Europe and Central Asia, with large numbers of small subsistence and semi commercial family farms. Poverty, social vulnerability and other difficulties could prevent rural communities from fulfilling their role as important building blocks of food security. By enhancing productivity and income levels through sustainable intensification of production, better organization, adequate services and integration into agrifood value chains, this Regional Initiative can contribute to the global goals of eradicating rural poverty and achieving food security and sustainable growth. Activities focus on sustainable management of agricultural land and water resources; sustainable intensification of smallholders’ production; strengthening the organizations of small producers and family farms; and enhancing access to rural services – such as advisory services and micro-loans.