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Livestock farming often takes place in remote rural areas where farmers and their families have limited access to infrastructure and basic social services, notably education, health, access to clean water and social protection. Moreover, farming practices are under pressure by, for example, climate change induced changes to weather patterns and...

The global aquatic food industry, long under scrutiny over environmental sustainability concerns, has also come under increased scrutiny within the past decade over poor working conditions and severe human rights violations, including widespread use of forced labour and child labour. However, there is limited research and documentation available on child...

This publication was developed by the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance (UNU-Merit) in partnership with FAO. The policy paper is conceived as a framing paper, which conceptualizes the relationship between social protection, migration, and rural development, and strengthens these synergies for FAO’s programming.  The relationship between social protection, migration, and rural...

This report provides a regional review of child labour in agriculture including its drivers and neccessary actions to elminiate all forms of child labour. Drawing from the most recent global estimates the analysis highlights rising child labour rates and key challenges facing children in various agriculture sub-sectors. This report is...

Child labour in agriculture is both a social, economic, and livelihood issue. The cross-cutting nature requires a multiple stakeholder approach in addressing its root causes. In sub-Saharan Africa, the phenomena exist mainly within smallholder farmers but also significantly in capture fishing, livestock, and forestry. Today, the proportion of child labour in...