Since 2000, the Eastern Ontario Model Forest (Canada) has been assisting private landowners and local municipalities in achieving Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for their forests. Today, over 12,000 hectares of private forest and 40,000 hectares of community forest have been certified. The Model Forest has also facilitated the use...

Uganda has made a significant pledge to the Bonn Challenge, committing to bring 2.5 million hectares of degraded and deforested land into restoration by 2020. IUCN is supporting farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) to implementing forest landscape restoration (FLR) in three districts in the Aswa catchment area in Northern Uganda –...

The potential conflicts as well as synergies between Natura 2000 areas are rarely studied with respect to the marginal change of regional and local development brought about by conservation policies. This chapter presents empirical evidence on the linkages between Natura 2000 areas and local development in Austrian municipalities. The...

This study reviews the Chilean protected areas that have been created to date, with an emphasis on the existence and effectiveness of management plans for all terrestrial and marine protected areas. Effectiveness was individually evaluated using two filters: 1) the age of the management plan and 2) the first four...

This study examines protected area management in the Congo Basis, an area comprising 3.7 km2 and 34 protected areas across five countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, and Republic of Congo) to assess what impacts – both positive and negative – these areas are having on...

Protected Forest Areas have featured in most inter-governmental forestry processes since 1992. Attention has also been focused by the target set by WWF and IUCN in 1996 for 10 per cent of the world’s forests to be within protected areas by 2000. The IUCN defined six categories of protected area,...

This working paper: (i) provides an overview of 56 Payments for Environmental Services (PES) experiences in 19 countries from the global south that combine social protection and environmental objectives within one programme (ii) analyses the Brazilian Bolsa Verde programme and four PES schemes from China, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and...

This book is a thematic paper which analyses the effect of damaging pests and diseases on forest plantations, vs mixed species natural forests. The basic ecological concept of diversity leading toward stability in ecosystems would lead to the conclusion that mixed species, natural forests are less susceptible to pests and...

Understanding an urban forest's structure, function and value promotes management decisions that improve human health and environmental quality. The urban forest is compromised of more than just street trees; environmental benefits are also derived from trees in parks, yards, institutional land, natural areas, and other locations. An assessment of the vegetation structure, function, and...

This report was commissioned as ‘a review’ of existing literature on public access to woodlands with the aim of identifying the extent of use, motivations and well-being benefits gained from trees, woodlands and forest and highlighting interventions that have been successfully applied to encourage public access and enhance public benefit....