The Phytosanitary Alert System (PAS) provides up-to-date information on pest situations of significance to North America. This system is intended to facilitate awareness, detection, prevention and management of exotic species in North America. The PAS provides this information in form of: Official Pest Reports or Unofficial Alerts. "Official Pest Reports" are provided by National Plant Protection Organizations within Canada, the United States, or Mexico. They serve as official communication from the country of origin and are intended to comply with the IPPC Standard on Pest Reporting (ISPM No. 17). "Alerts" are news items obtained from public sources. They do not serve as official communication from NAPPO. In most cases, information within alerts is not confirmed with the corresponding National Plant Protection Organization. They are provided solely as an early warning to NAPPO countries and should be used with this disclaimer in mind.