The City Region Food System of Rotterdam is characterised by the paradox of being an international port – a gateway to Europe, particularly for fruit and feed – while at the same time having a small but prolific local food movement that consists of citizens and entrepreneurs who are motivated by environmental and social aims with strong local connections. Rotterdam is still largely supplied by supermarkets and conventional just-in- time distribution, a classical example of food system 2.01 and it is hard to see how this could change in the short term. Nonetheless, the more sectoral approach to food (production, processing, transport and retail) is making way for a more integrated approach to food (i.e. also considering environmental, public health, social justice, education, employment concerns as is characteristic of a more regionally embedded food system 3.0). This is reflected in the increasing participation of players that are traditionally not considered part of the food sector such as health organisations, schools, social housing companies, commercial real estate, innovative start-ups, proactive NGOs and social entrepreneurs.