Urban and peri-urban horticulture represents a significant part of local supply of perishable produce of good nutritional value in many developing countries. It also plays an important socio-economic role, providing urban dwellers with sources of employment and income. However, it is important to identify the food safety implications of UPH and define strategies to protect consumers from potential risks. Implementing good agricultural practices to ensure the safety of horticultural produce can be particularly challenging in the complex urban environment. A pragmatic approach is needed, involving a mix of policy, regulatory and capacity-building approaches that target all stakeholders along the horticulture chain.