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This technical report draws on an applied research program conducted by AFD since 2014 to revisit the role of food markets in African cities and to conceive them from a more holistic perspective of agri-food systems, at the crossroads of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based in particular on the practical cases of Rabat-Salé in Morocco, Niamey in Niger and Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire, AFD proposes eight intervention principles for a new approach around three themes: the geographical and functional positioning of food supply and distribution infrastructures; economic development and sustainability of agrifood systems and their governance.