This study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the feasibility of the suggested reforms, proposed by a previous study on transforming the charcoal sector in Tanzania. The objectives of this study were to: 1) provide relevant stakeholders with a profound analysis of the political economy of the charcoal sector in Tanzania, including mapping networks and power relations prevalent in the charcoal sector, in order to better understand the role of different players; and (2) analyze the poverty and social impacts of proposed policy reforms in the charcoal sector.