This report builds on the World Bank’s established Multi-Tier Framework to provide an in-depth, comprehensive understanding of household cooking-energy needs to inform strategies for adoption of modern energy cooking solutions. The key messages include:

-          Globally, 4 billion people lack access to clean, efficient, convenient, safe, reliable, and affordable cooking energy. The rate of access to modern sources of energy for cooking stands at only 10 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, 36 percent in East Asia, and 56 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean

-          2.8 billion out of these 4 billion people cook with traditional polluting fuels and technologies, costing the world more than $2.4 trillion each year, driven by adverse impacts on health ($1.4 trillion), climate ($0.2 trillion), and women ($0.8 trillion from lost productivity).

-          To achieve universal access to modern energy cooking services by 2030, approximately $150 billion is needed per year, including $39 billion from the public sector, $11 billion by the private sector, and the remaining $103 billion comes from household purchases of stoves and fuels

-          Reaching universal access to improved cooking services by 2030 requires $10 billion per year, including $6 billion from the public sector to fill the affordability gap and the rest by households