Appendix 1: Tables

BRAZIL

Product

Resource

Economic Value

NWFP

Importance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Fiber

2

Buriti fiber

Mauritia flexuosa

l

F

W

N

production of 387 t of fiber in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

palm leaf fiber

IBGE 1998b

2

Carnaúba fiber

Copernicia prunifera

l

F,O

W

N

production of 2 078 t of fiber in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

palm leaf fiber

IBGE 1998b

1

Piaçava fiber

Attalea funifera

l

F

W

I,N

production of 84 990 t of fiber in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

palm leaf base fiber

IBGE 1998b

Resins

1

Resin

Pinus spp.

P

C,W

N,I

average production of

60 000 - 65 000 t of resin in mid 1990s. Exports of 13 500 t of gum rosin and

3 000 t of turpentine in 1993

(Coppen & Hone 1995)

estimated 1 500 000 ha planted in pines (Coppen & Hone 1995)

Coppen & Hone 1995

1

Rosin

Pinus spp.

P

C

N

average production of 36 000 t of rosin in 1987-89 (Coppen 1995a)

Coppen 1995a

1

Gum turpentine

Pinus spp.

P

C

N

average production of 8 000 t of gum turpentine in 1987-89 (Coppen 1995a)

Coppen 1995a

2

Copaíba balsam

Copaifera spp.

F

W

N,I

production of 72 t of oil in 1995 (IBGE 1998b); exports of 56 t of copaíba in 1992 (Coppen 1995b)

major importer is USA; copaiba balsam is an oleo-resin(Coppen 1995b)

Coppen 1995b;

IBGE 1998b

Latex

1

Natural rubber

Hevea brasiliensis

P,F

C,W

N

production of 53 000 t of natural rubber in 1997 (FAO 1998); area cultivated of 58 715 in 1994 (IBGE 1998a)

FAO 1998;

IBGE 1998a

2

Sorva

Couma spp.

F

W

I

production of 1 106 t in 1989; export of 500 t in 1992(Coppen 1995b)

production has declined from 6 000 t in 1976

(Coppen 1995b)

Coppen 1995b

2

Balata

Manilkara spp.

F

W

N

production of 18 t in 1990 (Coppen 1995b)

world market collapse for balata; current status in Brazil unknown (Coppen 1995b)

Coppen 1995b

2

Maçaranduba

Manilkara huberi

F

W

N

production of 116 t in 1990 (Coppen 1995b)

current status in Brazil unknown (Coppen 1995b)

Coppen 1995b

Vegetable wax

2

Carnaúba

Copernicia prunifera

F,O

W

I,N

production of 5 228 t of wax and 12 164 t of powder in 1995(IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

Tannins

2

Angico

Piptadenia spp.

b

F

W

N

production of 577 t of bark in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

2

Barbatimão

Stryphno-dendron barbatimao

b

F

W

N

production of 12 t of bark in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

1

Acacia negra

b

P

C

N

production of 191 830 t of bark in 1995 (IBGE1998b)

IBGE 1998b

Essential and

drying oils

2

Rosewood oil

Aniba rosaeodora

F

W

I,N

export of 68 t of rosewood oil in 1992 (Coppen 1995)

main markets for essential oils in general EC, USA (Iqbal 1995)

Coppen 1995;Iqbal 1995

2

Tungue, tung oil

Aleurites fordii

se

P

C

N

production of 1 286 t from 672 ha in 1994 (IBGE 1998a)

IBGE 1998a

2

Cumaru,tonka bean

Dipteryx odorata

se

F

W

I,N

production of 48 t of tonka bean in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

2

Oiticica

Licania rigida

se

F

W

N

production of 13 613 t of oiticica seed in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

1

Eucalyptus oil

Eucalyptus spp.

l

P

C

N

production of 26 160 t of leaves in 1995 (IBGE1998b)

IBGE 1998b

Medicinal plants

2

Ipecac

Cephaelis ipecacuanha

r

F

W

I,N

production of 2 t of roots in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

small herb of undergrowth of forest

IBGE 1998b

2

Jaborandi

Pilocarpus spp.

l

F

W

I

production of 2 155 t of leaves in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

1

Açaí fruit

Euterpe oleracea

f

F

W

N

production of 108 922 t of fruit in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

fruit used to make a beverage

IBGE 1998b

2

Mangaba

Hancornia speciosa

f

F

W

N

production of 310 t of fruit in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

2

Umbu

Spondias tuberosa

f

F,O

W

N

production of 10 969 t of fruits in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

Edible seeds /

nuts

1

Coconut

Cocos nucifera

se

P,O

C

N

production of 647 000 t of coconuts in 1997; production of 3 000 t of copra in 1997

(FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

1

Babaçu kernel

Orbignya martiana

se

F

W

N

production of 190 000 t of babaçu kernels in 1997

(FAO 1998)

synonym is

Attalea speciosa

FAO 1998

1

Caju, cashew nut

Anacardium occidentale

se

P,O

C,W

I,N

production of 113 000 t of cashew nuts (in shell) in 1997 (FAO 1998); area cultivated

680 615 ha in 1994 (IBGE 1998a)

FAO 1998;

IBGE 1998a

2

Walnut

Juglans sp.

se

P

C

N

production of 4 000 t of walnuts (in shell) in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

1

Brazil nut

Bertholletia excelsa

se

F

W

I,N

production of 40 216 t of in-shell nuts in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

main markets USA, UK. (Iqbal 1995)

IBGE 1998b;

Iqbal 1995

1

Pinhão, pine nuts

Araucaria angustifolia

se

F

W

N

production of 5 319 t of nuts in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998a

Spices

1

Pimenta do reino, black pepper

Piper nigrum

se

P

C

N

production of 34 927 t from

21 023 ha in 1994 (IBGE 1998a)

IBGE 1998a

Edible oils

1

Orbignya martiana

se

F

W

N

production of 76 000 t of babaçu oil in 1997 (FAO 1998)

synonym is

Attalea speciosa

FAO 1998

1

Palm oil

Elaeis guineensis

f

P

C

N

production of 661 809 t of oil palm fruits from area of 67 388 ha in 1994 (IBGE 1998a)

"dendê (em côco)" yield of 9 817 kg/ha in 1994 (IBGE 1998)

IBGE 1998a

2

Licuri oil

Syagrus coronata

se

F

W

N

production of 6 696 t of seed in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

palm seed oil

IBGE 1998b

2

Pequi oil

Caryocar villosum

se

F

W

N

production of 2 454 t of seed in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

large tree of Amazon region

IBGE 1998b

2

Tucum oil

Astrocaryum tucuma

se

F

W

N

production of 2 257 t of seed in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

palm seed oil

IBGE 1998b

Colorants,

dyestuffs

1

Annatto

Bixa orellana

se

P,O

C

N

production of 8 870 t of seed from 7 545 ha in 1994

(IBGE 1998a)

main markets USA, EC, Japan

(Iqbal 1995)

IBGE 1998a;

Iqbal 1995

Palm hearts

1

Açaí

Euterpe oleracea

st

F

W

I,N

production of 20 653 t of palm hearts in 1995 (IBGE 1998b)

IBGE 1998b

Guaraná

1

Guaraná

Paullinia cupana

se

P,O

C

N

production of 2 243 t of seeds from 7 675 ha in 1995

(IBGE 1998a)

used as beverage flavoring; yield of 347 kg/ha

(IBGE 1998a)

IBGE 1998a

Cocoa beans

1

Theobroma cacao

se

P

C

N,I

production of 293 000 t of cocoa beans in 1997 from area of

724 000 ha (FAO 1998)

yield of 404 kg/ha in 1997 (FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

Animal and animal products

Honey

1

F,O

W,C

N

production of 18 000 t of honey 1997 (FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

Silk

2

Raw silk

Silk worm

P

C

N

production of 2 000 t of silk in 1997 (FAO 1998)

raw and waste silk. Main markets Italy, Germany

(Iqbal 1995)

FAO 1998;

Iqbal 1995