MEXICO

Product

Resource

Economic Value

NWFP

Importance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Ornamentals

2

Palma camedor

Chamaedorea spp.

l, p, se

F

W, C

I,N

Production of 1 494 t of leaves and 216 t of seed from wild and cultivated sources in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

leaves are used in floral displays; collecting leaves provide work for 3 500 families (FAO 1995b). Seed also collected and from cultivated

(CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996;

FAO 1995b

2

Sotol

Dasylirion durangense

p

?

W

N

Production of 6 tons of plants in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Aguascalientes, Zacatecas states. (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

2

Heno,

Spanish moss

Tillandsia usneoides

p

F

W

N

Production of 675 t of the plant in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí states (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

2

Musgo,

moss

?

p

?

W

N

Production of 258 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila, Puebla, Tlaxcala states (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Bamboo

2

Bamboo

?

st

F

W

N

Production of 127 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Nayarit State; used for furniture and artisinal products

(CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Plant support

2

Guia parra silvestre

Vitis cinerea

st

F

W

N

Production of 74 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Tamaulipas State (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Fiber

2

Ixtle

Agave spp.;

Yucca spp.

l

P

C

N

Production of 1 032 t of ixtle fiber in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila, Nuevo León, Zacatecas, Puebla, Baja California states (CTCNF 1996); used to make brushes, rope, etc. (González

Leija 1987)

CTCNF 1996;

González Leija 1987

2

Palmilla fiber;

bear grass

Nolina spp.

st

O

W

N,I

Production of 703 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Sonora state (CTCNF 1996); used to make brushes, brooms, etc. González Leija 1987)

CTCNF 1996;

González Leija 1987

2

Lechuguilla

Agave lecheguilla

l

O

W,C

N

Production of 635 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas states (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

2

Vara de perlilla

Inphocarpus microphillus

st ?

O

W

N

Production of 81 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Mexico State (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Palm thatch

2

Palma washingtonia

Washingtonia spp.

l

O

W,C

N

Production of 26 t in 1994

(CTCNF 1996)

Baja California Sur state (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Palm fiber

2

Huano

Sabal yapa?

l

F,O

W

N

Production of 64 t in 1994

(CTCNF 1996)

Yucatán state (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

2

Palapa

Orbignya guacuyule

l

F

W

N

Production of 2 321 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Nayarit state (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

2

Palma real

Roystonea spp.

l

F

W

N

Production of 3 415 t of fiber in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

various states; for artisinal use

CTCNF 1996

Resins

1

Resin

Pinus spp.

F,P

W,C

N

Production of 36 731 t of resin in 1994 (CTCNF 1996) Gum rosin production was about

22 000 t in 1991

(Coppen & Hone 1995)

Jalisco, Michoacán states; collecting resin in Michoacán involves 5 000 families

FAO 1995b)

Coppen & Hone 1995; CTCNF 1996;

FAO 1995b

1

Turpentine

Pinus spp.

F,P

W,C

N

Average production of 6 000 t of turpentine rosin in 1987-89 (Coppen 1995). Turpentine production was about 4 000 t in 1991 (Coppen & Hone 1995)

Coppen 1995;

Coppen & Hone 1995.

Vegetable wax

2

Candelilla

Euphorbia antisyphillitica

l

O

W

I

Production of 1 608 t of wax in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

wax primarily used for cosmetics; 60 - 80% of production is exported, principally to USA (FAO 1995b)

CTCNF 1996;

FAO 1995b

2

Jojoba wax

Simmondsia chinensis

se

O

W

I,N

Production of 750 – 800 t of seed per year in late 1980s

(González Leija 1987)

liquid wax exported to USA and Europe. (González Leija 1987)

Gonzalez Leija 1987

Tannin

2

Cascalote

Caesalpinia coriaria

f

F

W

N,I

Production of 971 t of tannin in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Guerrero, Michoacán

states (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Gums

2

Goma de mascar

Achras zapota

F

W

N

Production of 393 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Campeche and Quintana Roo states

(CTCNF 1996).

CTCNF 1996

Medicinal plants

2

Barbasco

Dioscorea composita

r

O

C

N,I

Production has declined from 1 404 t in 1989 to nearly zero in 1993 (FAO 1995b)

substitute sources of steroids have killed the industry

(FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

2

Damiana

Turnera diffusa

l

F

W

N

Production of 4 t of leaves in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Baja California Sur state (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Yucca sap

2

Palmilla

Yucca schidigera

st

O

W

I,N

Production of 4 791 t of sap in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Baja California, Puebla states (CTCNF 1996); sap used in food and drug industries; residue used for livestock feeding in Mexico

(FAO 1995b)

CTCNF 1996;

FAO 1995b

Cosmetics

2

Zábila

Aloe vera

l

O

W ?

N

Production of 258 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Tamaulipas, Yucatán states (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Opuntia cactus products

2

Nopal

Opuntia spp.

l,f

0

W,C

N

Production of 2 146 of products in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Aguascalientes, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí states; forage and food source (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Agave products

2

Maguey

Agave spp.

0

W,C

N

Production of 5 060 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila, Zacatecas states; forage and source of fermented beverage

(CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Fruit

1

Date

Phoenix dactylifera

f

P

C

N

Production of 2 000 t of dates in 1997 (FAO 1998)

cultivated in Baja California

FAO 1998

Edible seeds / nuts

1

Coconut

Cocos nucifera

n

P,O

C

N

Production of 1 169 000 t of coconuts in 1997; production of 216 000 t of copra in 1997

(FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

1

Palm kernel

Elaeis guineensis

n

P

O

N

Production of 16 000 t of palm kernels in 1997 (FAO 1998)

assumed African oil palm

FAO 1998

1

Walnut

Juglans sp.

n

?

?

N

Production of 19 000 t of walnuts (in shell) in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

2

Nogal,

pecan

Carya illinoiensis

n

F

W

N

Production of 176 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila state

CTCNF 1996

2

Piñon,

pine nut

Pinus spp.

n

F

W

N

Production of 181 t of pine nuts in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

Coahuila, Nuevo León states (CTCNF1996)

CTCNF 1996

Spices

1

Pimienta,

pepper

Pimienta dioica

se

F,P

W,C

N,I

Production of 3 788 t in 1994 (CTCNF 1996); 90% for export to USA, Canada and Europe (González Leija 1987)

Campeche, Puebla, Veracruz states (CTCNF 1996); tree is native; condiment and source of oil (González Leija 1987)

CTCNF 1996;

González Leija 1987

2

Hoja de laurel,

bay leaf

Laurus nobilis ?

l

P

C

N

production of 6 t of laurel leaf in 1994 (CTCNF 1996)

San Luis Potosi state (CTCNF 1996)

CTCNF 1996

Edible oils

1

Palm oil

Elaeis guineensis

f

P

C

N

production of 16 000 of palm oil in 1997 (FAO 1998)

assumed African oil palm

FAO 1998

Mushrooms

2

Hongos

?

p

F

W

I,N

production of 21 t of mushrooms in 1994 (CTCNF 1996); export of

8,4 t to Japan in 1993 valued at US$465 000 (FAO 1995b)

Hidalgo, México, Veracruz states; about 3 000 families involved in collecting

(FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Cocoa beans

1

Theobroma cacao

se

P

C

N,I

production of 49 000 t of cocoa beans in 1997 from area of 86 000 ha (FAO 1998)

yield of 578 kg/ha in 1997 (FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

Animal and animal products

Honey

1

F?

W?

N,I

production of 54 000 t of honey in 1997 (FAO 1998)

bee species not reported

FAO 1998

CUBA

Product

Resources

Economic value

NWFP

Impor-tance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Fodder

2

Palmiche fruit

Roystonea regia

f

O

W

N

average annual production of

6 000 t of palm fruit (?), in period 1989 - 1993 (FAO 1995b)

food for pigs and other livestock

FAO 1995b

Palm petioles, sheaths

2

Yagua

Roystonea regia

l

O

W

N

production of some 450 000 dozen petioles/sheaths annually, valued at US$1 979 800, in period 1989 - 1993, including 39 200 exported

(FAO 1995b)

petioles used in crude construction and artisanally

(FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Thatch

2

Guanos

palms and other plants

O

W

N

average annual production of

41 000 000 units, valued at US$1 148 000, in period 1989 - 1993

(FAO 1995b)

used for construction and artisenal products (FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Resins

2

Resin

Pinus spp.

F

W

N

average annual production of 668 t of resin, valued at

US$300 700, in period

1989-1993 (FAO 1995b)

average annual exports 456 t, valued at US$205 400 in period 1989-1993 (FAO 1995b)

Coppen & Hone 1995; FAO 1995b

Bark

1

Corteza

Casuarina sp.

b

C

N

bark production totaled 6 234 t of between 1984 and 1993

(FAO 1995b)

bark used to make additives for in petroleum and leather industries (FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Tannins

2

Red mangrove tannin

Rhizophora mangle

F

W

N

average annual production of 247 t of tannin, valued at

US$27 900, in period 1989-1993

(FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Fruits

2

Wild fruits, e.g. guayabita del pinar, guyaba silvestre, pomarrosa, etc.

Psidium guayabita; Psidium guajaba; Jambosa jambosa, etc.

f

F

W

N

production of wild fruit in mountainous regions alone is 7 - 8 000 t per year (FAO 1995b)

guayabita del pinar fruit is made into a typical drink with some exports

(FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Edible seeds / nuts

1

Coconut

Cocos nucifera

n

P,O

C

N

production of 26 000 t of coconuts in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

Forest seeds

2

Various

Pinus maestrensis; Tectona grandis; Eucalyptus sp. etc.

se

P

C

N, I

average annual production of 880 kg, total exported, valued at US$15 300, in period 1988 - 1993

(FAO 1995b)

area of 2 655 ha devoted to seed production

(FAO 1995b)

FAO 1995b

Cocoa beans

1

Theobroma cacao

se

P

C

N

production of 2 000 t of cocoa beans in 1997 from area of 9 000 ha (FAO 1998)

yield of 235 kg/ha in 1997 (FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

Animal and animal products

Honey

1

F?

W?

N,I

production of 6 000 t of honey in 1997 (FAO 1998)

bee species not reported

FAO 1998