BOLIVIA

Product

Resources

Economic value

Plants ans plant products

NWFP

Impor-tance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Latex

2

Natural rubber

Hevea brasiliensis

F

W

N,I

legal export of 51 t of latex in 1993; value US$48 782; (FAO 1995); estimated 10 000 t total production in 1997 (FAO 1998)

estimated 29,5 million rubber trees in Amazonian Region of country ; value of exports declined from US$3 757 000 in 1986 to zero in 1997 (Stoian 1999)

FAO 1995;

FAO 1998;

Stoian 1999

Essential oils

2

Essential oils

not specified

?

?

W?

I

export of 76 t oil in 1992

(Estrella 1995)

aggregated data

Estrella 1995

Medicinal plants

1

Coca leaf

Erythroxylum coca

l

P,O

C

I,N

export of 134,8 t of leaves in 1992 (Estrella 1995)

sizable undocumented illegal exports as well

Estrella 1995

Edible seeds /

nuts

1

Castaña,

Brazil nut

Bertholletia excelsa

se

F

W

I,N

value of exports in 1997

US$30 786 000 (Stoian 1999)

production data for 1997 not available. Main markets USA, UK (Iqbal 1995)

Iqbal 1995

Stoian 1999

1

Chestnut

Castanea sp.

n

P

C

N

production of 24 000 t of chestnuts (in shell) produced in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

Spices

2

Achiote

Bixa orellana

se

P,O

C,W

N,I

export of 19,2 t in 1993

(FAO 1995)

also used as food colorant; exports declining

Estrella 1995;

FAO 1995

Edible oils

2

Cusi

Orbignya phalerata

se

F,O

W

N,I

export of 10,1 t of seeds in 1992 (Estrella 1995)

palm kernel oil; estimated to be 14 000 000 of these palms in the country.

(FAO 1995)

Estrella 1995;

FAO 1995

Palm hearts

1

Asaí palmito

Euterpe precatoria

st

F

W

I,N

value of exports in 1997

US$12 355 420 (Stoian 1999)

production data for 1997 not available; solitary palm; economic sustainability unlikely

Stoian 1999

Cocoa beans

1

Theobroma cacao

se

P

C

N

production of 4 000 t in 1997 from area of 6 000 ha (FAO 1998)

yield of 690 kg/ha in 1997 (FAO 1998)

FAO 1998

Animal and animal products

Bushmeat, insects etc.

2

Cochineal insect

Dactylopius cocus

F

W

N,I

export of 400 kg of insect bodies in 1992 (Estrella 1995)

entire insect is dye source

Estrella 1995

CHILE

Product

Resource

Economic value

NWFP

Importance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Fiber

2

Mimbre,

basket willow

Salix viminalis

st

O

C

N

production of 6 200 t/yr of raw material on about 200 ha; 59% is used in artisental industries and 8% exported ; export value is US$800-1 000/t (Campos Roasio 1998)

yields average 12 t of dry material/ha; 1 200 small industries

(Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

Resins

1

Resin

Pinus radiata

P

C

N

estimated 1 380 000 ha of Pinus radiata in 1997 (Campos Roasio 1998); experimental tapping has been done but resin yields not commercial (Coppen & Hone 1995)

export of 425 t of turpentine in 1997 (Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998;

Coppen & Hone 1995

Essential oils

2

Avellano

Gevuina avellana

se

F

W

N,I

export of 6 t in 1997; value US$92 482 (Campos Roasio 1998)

no data on area

Campos Roasio 1998

2

Eucalyptus

E. spp.

l

P

C

N,I

export of 14 t in 1997; value US$44 175 (Campos Roasio 1998)

no data on area

Campos Roasio 1998

2

Rosa mosqueta

Rosa moschata

se

O

C

N,I

export of 84 t in 1997; value US$1 169 254;

1 500 000 ha of Rosa spp. in Chile (Campos Roasio 1998)

Rosa spp. introduced and naturlized in Chile; up to 200 000 people work on fruit harvest

(Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

2

Pine oil

Pinus radiata

P

C

N,I

export of 142 t of pine oil valued at

US$206 177 in 1997 (Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

Medicinal plants

2

Boldo

Peumus boldus

l

F

W

N,I

export of 1 205 t of leaves valued at

US$825 346 in 1997 (Campos Roasio 1998)

best known Chilean medicinal plant in the world

(Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

2

Quillay

Quillaja saponaris

b

F

W

N,I

export of 873 t of bark valued at

US$3 071 526 in 1997

(Campos Roasio 1998)

tree endemic to Chile (Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

Edible seeds/

nuts

1

Walnut

Juglans sp.

n

?

?

N

production of 13 000 t of walnuts (in shell) in 1997 (FAO 1998b)

no data on area

FAO 1998b

Mushrooms

1

Mushrooms

not specified

p

F?

W?

N, I

export of dried, salted and frozen mushrooms was 4 405 t valued at US$7 057 954 in 1997 (Campos Roasio 1998)

main markets USA, France (Iqbal 1995)

Campos Roasio 1998;

Iqbal 1995

Forest seeds

1

Eucalyptus,

Pinus radiata,

rosa mosqueta, etc.

Rosa moschata

se

P

C

N,I

export of 1,54 t of seed valued at

US$1 188 659 in 1997

(Campos Roasio 1998)

about 350 permanent nurseries exist for forest seed production

(Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

Animal and animal products

Bushmeat, insects etc.

2

Liebre,

hare

F

W

N,I

80 749 hares yielded 105 244 kg of meat in 1995; exports to France, Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. (Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998

Honey

1

Apis mellifera

F,O

W,C

N,I

production of 5 000 t of honey in 1997 (FAO 1998b); annual exports about 1 500 t

(Campos Roasio 1998)

30 tree species identified as honey sources

(Campos Roasio 1998)

Campos Roasio 1998;

FAO 1998b

ARGENTINA

Product

Resource

Economic value

NWFP

Impor-tance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Ornamentals

1

Helecho,

fern

not indicated

p

F

W

N

production of 53 t of ferns in 1996 (DRFN 1997a)

DRFN 1997a

Rushes

2

Juncos

not indicated

st

F

W

N

production of 240 t of rushes in 1996 (DRFN 1997a)

DRFN 1997a

Fiber

2

Mimbre,

basket willow

Salix viminalis

st

O

C

N

production of 955 t of mimbre in 1996 (DRFN 1997a)

shrub introduced and has become naturalized

DRFN 1997a

2

Formio

Formiun tenax

st ?

F ?

W

N

production of 80 t in 1996 DRFN 1997b)

production declining because of replacement by synthetic fiber (C. Resico, pers. com.)

DRFN 1997b;

C. Resico, pers. com. 1999

Resins

1

Pinus elliottii

P

C

N

production of about 30 000 t of crude resin in 1993 (Coppen & Hone 1995). Resin productions was 19 904 t, rosin & derivatives 25 840 t and turpentine 2 985 t in 1996 (DRFN 1997b)

unclear if 1996 resin production is crude or refined

Coppen & Hone 1995; DRFN 1997b

Tannins

1

Prosopis torquata, Acacia atramentaria

N

production of 63 200 t of tannins in 1996 (DRFN 1997b)

provinces of Salta, Jujuy, La Rioja

DRFN 1997b;

FAO 1995

Essential oils

1

Tung oil

Aleurites fordii

se

P

C

N

production of 3 000 t of tung oil in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

Edible seeds/ nuts

1

Walnut

Juglans sp.

n

?

?

N

production of 9 000 t of walnuts (in shell) in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

Forest seed

2

Araucaria & other species

se

F

W,C

N

production of 5 t in 1996, 316 t in 1995 (DRFNa 1997)

fluctuation of production in part related to fruiting cycle of Araucaria

DRFN 1997a

Animal and animal products

Honey

1

F?

W?

N,I

production of 65 000 t in 1997 (FAO 1998)

bee species not reported

FAO 1998

PARAGUAY

Product

Resource

Economic Value

NWFP

Importance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Tannin

1

Quebracho

Schinopsis spp.

F

W

N,I

value of exports in 1993

US$3 321 000 (Statz 1999)

tannin distilled from wood

Statz 1999

Essential oil

1

Tung oil

Aleurites fordii

f

P

C

N

production of 8 000 t of tung oil in 1997 (FAO 1998)

no data on area

FAO 1998

1

Palo santo

Bulnesia sarmienti

F

W

I

value of exports in 1993

US$480 000 (Statz 1999)

oil distilled from wood

Statz 1999

Medicinal plants

2

Yerba mate

Ilex paraguensis

l

F,P,O

W,C

N

fresh leaves used in popular medicine (Basualdo 1997b)

Basualdo 1997b

Edible seeds /

nuts

1

Palm kernel

not indicated

n

P

C

N

production of 11 000 t of palm kernels in 1997 (FAO 1998)

source not specified in FAO 1998, but likely from native Acrocomia palm

FAO 1998

Edible oils

1

Coco

Acrocomia aculeata

S

F

W

I,N

production of 3 524 t of oil in 1993; value US$2 480 000. Production decrease from 7 026 t in 1988 (Cardozo Román 1996). Production of 2 000 t of palm oil in 1997 (FAO 1998).

Acrocomia totai (Mbocaya) may also be part of this palm oil production (Basualdo 1997a). Statz (1999) reported value of exports in 1993 US$2 420 000. Source not specificied in FAO 1998 but assumed from Acrocomia palm.

Basualdo 1997a;

Cardozo Román 1996;

FAO 1998;

Statz 1999

Animal and animal products

Honey

2

F?

W?

N,I

production of 1 000 t in 1997

(FAO 1998)

bee species not reported

FAO 1998

URUGUAY

Product

Resource

Economic Value

NWFP

Importance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant pr oducts

Animal and animal products

Honey

1

F?

W?

N,I

production of 7 000 t in 1997 (FAO 1998b)

bee species not reported

FAO 1998b

FRENCH GUIANA

Product

Resource

Economic Value

NWFP

Impor-tance

Trade name

Key species

Part used

Production system

Source

Uses

Quantity, value

Remarks

References

Plants and plant products

Palm hearts

2

coeurs de palmiers pinots

Euterpe oleracea

st

F

W

I

2 096 527 palm hearts,

May 1985 - June 1986

Compagnie Agro-Industrielle de Guyane production over 14 months; CAIG is one of 2 palm heart companies in French Guiana

Ricci 1990

Animal and animal products