Working PaperARAC/87/WP/12(9)
Cover
Site Selection For Aquaculture
CHEMICAL FEATURES OF WATER
TABLE OF CONTENTS

M.N. KUTTY
African Regional Aquaculture Centre
Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Lectures presented at ARAC for the Senior Aquaculturists course


AFRICAN REGIONAL AQUACULTURE CENTRE, PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA
CENTRE REGIONAL AFRICAIN D'AQUACULTURE, PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA


UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE RESEARCH
PROJECT RAF/82/009

MARCH, 1987


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER

3. CONDUCTIVITY/SALINITY

4. DISSOLVED OXYGEN

4.1. Factors Involved in Reduction of D.O.

4.2. Solubility of Oxygen

4.3. Dissolved Oxygen in Relation to Temperature and Salinity

4.4. Oxygen Levels in Natural Waters

4.5. Oxygen Regime in Fish Ponds

4.6. Control of Oxygen in ponds

4.7. Oxygen relations of Fishes

4.8. Oxygen Requirements of Brackishwater Shrimps

5. CARBON DIOXIDE, PH, ALKALINITY AND HARDNESS

6. CARBON DIOXIDE

7. pH

7.1. Determination of pH

7.2. pH Requirement of Brackishwater Shrimps

7.3. pH Photosynthesis in Fish Ponds

8. ALKALINITY

9. HARDNESS

10. MINERAL ACIDITY

11. HYDROGEN SULFIDE

11.1. Hydrogen sulfide and shrimps

12. CHLORINE

13. CARBON MONOXIDE

14. METHANE

15. REDOX POTENTIAL

16. SILICA

17. PHOSPHORUS

18. NITROGEN

18.1 Nitrogen Dissolved in Water

18.2. Ammonia

18.3. Nitrite

18.4. Nitrate

19. ORGANIC MATTER

21. REFERENCES