Nairobi
Mr. H.L. Norton, FAO Resident Representative
Mr. B.P. Reufels, FAO Programme Officer
Mr. P. Gonzalez Alberdi, SPOO, FIO, Rome
Mr. H.W. Navajas, UNDP Assistant Resident Representative-Programme
Mr. E.L. Karstad, Director, Tamfeeds Ltd
Mr. J.M. Njuguna, Director, Tamfeeds Ltd
Mr. W.W. Shisoka, Technical Adviser for East Africa, Roche Ltd
Mr. M. Huber, Technical Marketing Manager, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basle
Mr. K. Shah, Director, Sigma Feeds Ltd
Dr. H.K. Balasublamanya, Technical Feeds Manager, Muus Kenya Ltd
Mr. B.M. Patel, Director, Kisumuwala Oil Industries Ltd
Mr. T.K. Olielo, Kenya Bureau of Standards
Dr. P.N. Mbugua, Chairman-Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi
Dr. H.C.W. Mbugua, Kenchic Ltd
Ms. M. Thornburn, Fish Veterinarian, University of Guelph, Ontario
Nakuru
Mr. P. Oloo, Branch Manager, Unga Feeds Ltd
Kisumu
Mr. R.S. Prayitno, CTA KEN/86/027
Mr. A.P. Achieng, NPC KEN/86/027
Mr. S.B. Obura, Managing Director, LBDA
Ms. P. Achieng, Fish Biologist NPPP KEN/86/027 (counterpart)
Mr. S.K. Obuya, Fisheries Officer LBDA (counterpart)
Project KEN/86/027 Senior & Field Staff LBDA
Mr. M. Hoekstra, Socio-Economist, Project RAD/87/099, Burundi
Mr. C.M. Muhoro, Head Brewer, Kenya Breweries Ltd
Mr. S.N. Shah, Director, United Millers Ltd
Mr. S.M. Esmail, Director, Kibos Industries Ltd
Mr. Muriango, Representative, Kenya Grain Growers Co-op Union (KGGCU)
Mr. J. Ogari, Deputy Director, Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI)
Mr. A. Asila, Research Officer, KMFRI
Mr. A. Getabu, Research Officer, KMFRI
Mr. J. Ogunja, Research Officer, KMFRI
Mr. C. Rabuor, Research Officer, KMFRI
Mr. S.K. Otiemo, Department of Fisheries
Mr. E.O. Yongo, Research Officer, KMFRI
Reference:
Name/postal address of farm:
Name of funding agency if farm is state owned/assisted:
Name/position of person interviewed:
Date of interview:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION (underline appropriate activity)
Farm ownership:
State/state assisted/private
Aim of farming activity:
Rural/subsistence
Auto consumption/cash sale
Commercial (cash income)
Grow-out from farm produced/wild-caught seed
Grow-out from purchased/imported seed
Seed production
Public sector support
Seed production for state assisted farms
Training/extension/research/development
Nutrition and feed development
Farmed species: (indicate mono/polyculture, species/sex ratio)
Fish/shrimp/prawn/livestock/plant/crop/other
Market value of farmed species: (local currency; indicate average market size or
age/weight/length, and whether farm gate or at-market cost, live, fresh or frozen)
Seed cost/piece or /1000 and table size cost/piece or /kg
Total farm production: (by species, pieces/kg/tonne per year)
Start of farm production operation:
Farm production unit: (indicate size and number on farm)
Indoor tank/outdoor tank/pen enclosure/cage (indicate whether fixed or floating
in open water or earthen pond, submerged water volume and mesh size)/pond
(indicate whether earth or concrete lined)/other (lift nets, livestock units)
Farm services: (indicate whether on land or at cage/pen site)
Electricity/fresh water/telephone/fuel/generator pump/boiler/housing/security
Transportation facilities (specify whether bicycle, motor cycle, car, pick-up/lorry,
motor/sail/paddle boat)
Accessibility by road (specify whether good, adequate or poor depending on
season)
Distance of farm (km) from nearest town
Start of farm production operation:
Farm labour profile: (indicate number of family/hired workers on farm and whether employed on a full/part-time basis)
Profile of farm manager and feeding/nutrition technician:
Name/age/nationality/languages spoken/education attainment/aquaculture or
nutrition experience (years)/source of knowledge/number of years of work on
farm/hours/day spent on farming on nutrition or feeding activity
Farm water management: (expressed as % water exchanged/day or litres/minute)
Water aeration: (specify aeration device and hours/day)
Water quality: (range and mean values for temperature, and if possible oxygen, salinity, pH, ammonia and secchi disc)
Photoperiod: (natural or artificial, hours/day)
Species stocking density and weight/size: (initial and final for hatchery, nursery, grow-out and broodstock)
Length of growth period: (days/weeks for each farming cycle)
Survival at the end of each growth cycle: (%)
FEEDING PRACTICE
Feeding method: (underline appropriate activity)
No fertilization or diet feeding
Fertilization
Chemical fertilizers/animal manures/green manures composts/digested slurries
Diet feeding
Single agricultural food item/poultry or livestock feed/in-house produced
feed/purchased local feed/purchased imported feed
Cultured live food organisms
In-house laboratory cultured/in-house pond cultured collected/imported
Diet feeding programme: (for hatchery, nursery, grow-out or broodstock)
Agricultural product/diet fed:
Source
Unit cost at source or on the farm/unit weight
Proximate composition (if known)
Formulation (if known)
Treatment before use:
Dried (sun/oven/solardrier)/fermented/composted/chopped/macerated/grinding/mixing/pelleting (indicate with or without steam)
Form used:
Fresh/semi-moist/dry/pellet/mash/paste/frozen
Particle size of diet fed: (mm)
Stability in water: (minutes or hours)
Floatability: (seconds or minutes)
Feeding rate: (% body weight/day or kg/unit area)
Frequency of feed application: (Number of feeds/day/week)
Method of application:
Hand (specify whether from land or boat)
Mechanical feeder (specify type)
Submerged feeding platform
Criteria for feed application:
Manufacturers feeding tables/fish appetite/water quality - temperature/oxygen level/availability of feed/availability of
cash/calculation based on fish or shrimp weight/levels based from other
farmers/levels based from own experience/levels based on published
literature
Time devoted to feed preparation/application: (specify per day or week as
appropriate)
Fertilization programme: (for hatchery, nursery, grow-out and broodstock)
Name of fertilizer used:
Source
Unit cost at source or on farm/kg dry or wet weight
Nutrient content (NPK, % moisture if known)
Treatment before use: (if any)
Oven dried/sun dried/soaked in water/fermented
composted/chopped/macerated/grinding
Form used:
Fresh/wet slurry/dry
Application rate: (kg or tonnes/unit area/unit time)
Quantity and frequency of application
Total quantity used/production cycle or year
Method of application:
Through animal application/integration/by land/spray from boat/sack/crib
Time devoted to fertilizer handling/application:
Per day/week/month/cycle as appropriate
Seasonal availabilty of fertilizer:
Year round/specific months of the year
Problems arising from fertilization strategy:
Handling difficulties/cost/availability
nutrient quality (variability/bedding material)
disease/predator control/algal blooming/water quality
Livestock integration:
Species numbers/unit area/livestock weight/livestock feeds employed
Lime application:
Type (slaked lime/quick lime/limestone)
Unit cost at source or on the farm
Application rate (dry or wet weight/unit area/ unit
(time and frequency of application)
Total quantity used/production cycle or year
Total feed consumption: (per week/month/production cycle or year)
Food conversion ratio: (kg of feed required to produce 1 kg of wet fish or shrimp)
Problems arising from diet feeding strategy:
Handling
Equipment (grinding/pelleting/drying)
Services (electricity/maintenance of equipment)
Ingredient/diet availability
Transportation of ingredients to farm
Storage/shelf life of diet
Quality control of ingredients
Feeding (feed wastage/water stability)
Cost (% total farm operating costs)
Import credit/foreign exchange availability
Fish/shrimp production
Poor growth/poor food conversion efficiency
Nutritional diseases
Cataracts (cloudy lens)
Lordosis/scoliosis (bent spine)
Fatty liver/viscera (pale color)
External haemorrhage (fins, skin, or body)
Loss of appetite (anorexia/emaciation)
Decreased moulting ability
Flared operculae
Exoplthalmia (pop-eye)
Scale loss
Stunting
Yellow ceroid/fluid in intestine
Feed manufacturing equipment: (specify model, pellet die and grinder sieve sizes, if purchased locally or imported, life expectancy and cost)
Feed storage facilities: (specify area and type-warehouse, cold-store, refrigerator, freezer, insulated containers and length ingredients/feed remain in storage until being used or fed)
Other observations: (chemical feed analysis facilities)
Live food feeding programme: (for hatchery, nursery, grow-out or broodstock)
Name of food organism/s cultured:
Source
Unit cost (if known)
Nutrient content (if known)
Culture method employed:
Feeding rate or concentration/litre:
Frequency of feed application: (feeds/day/week)
Method of application:
Hand/automatic feeder/combined culture with fish/shrimp
Criteria for feed application:
Fish/shrimp appetite/visibility of faecal strands/food concentration per
unit water volume/water quality (temperature/oxygen)/published
information/own personal experience/calculations based on fish or shrimp
weight and size
Time devoted to live food production and feeding
Hours/day or week as appropriate
Problems arising from live food feeding strategy
Incidence of culture/batch failures/nutritional disorders/cannibalism/laboratory culture methods/service availability (UV, electricity, back-up
facilities)/maintenance of stock cultures/training requirement and
experience/maintenance and running expenses/cyst and stock
procurement/variation in nutritional quality/effect of climate on life food
production
Live food culture/laboratory facilities: (specify area, equipment used, place of
purchase and cost)
Other observations:
EXTENSION FACILITIES ON FARM FEEDING AND NUTRITION
Number of visits made by government extension officers or commercial feed representatives in relation to farm feeding programme: (frequency per week/month or year as appropriate)
Have you ever sought information on fish/shrimp feeding and nutrition? If yes, from who:
What type of assistance in feeding/nutrition would you require?
