TABLE 5
Pond experiment with Leptophos (Phosvel) at 0.5 ppm initial dosage concentration. Pond stocked with Chanos (5–20 cm) and Tilapia (4–9.5 cm); small wild fish and shrimp present. Pond 200 m3, 0.35 cm depth. Leptophos (L), des-bromo-leptophos (DBL) and 4, bromo 2.5 dichloro phenol (BCL-P) concentrations in water, sediment, Chanos (alive), Tilapia (dead) and dead wild fish and shrimp. No mortality with Chanos.
Residue concentrations ECD equipment; oven 220°C. In ppb/wet, except for sediment in ppb/dry. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Days: | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 29 | 34 | 39 | 44 | 49 | 54 |
Water | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 4.0 | 12.5 | 5.69 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 1.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | etc. | |||||||||
DBL | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.006 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | etc. | |||||||||
BCL-P | 0.32 | 0.76 | 1.52 | ? | ? | 0.76 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | etc. | |||||||||
Sediment | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 65 | 33 | 644 | 2813 | 480 | 41 | 25 | 361 | 26 | 6.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | ||||||||
DBL | 46 | 34 | 177 | 804 | 227 | 45 | 451 | 1432 | 11 | 110 | 69 | 3.9 | 1.3 | |||||||
BCL-P | 19 | 34 | 48 | 72 | 75 | 16 | 192 | 256 | 1 | 50 | 77 | 34 | 41 | |||||||
Chanos | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 1755 | 6437 | 975 | 1212 | 205 | 518 | 334 | 102 | 295 | 167 | 44 | 45 | 40 | 4.4 | 0.0 | |||||
DBL | 37 | 48 | 14 | 190 | 48 | 88 | 54 | 55 | 219 | 337 | 129 | 56 | 49 | 28 | 0.1 | |||||
BCL-P | 445 | 99 | 77 | 113 | 82 | 112 | 24 | 13 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.2 | ||||||
Tilapia | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 1310 | 1378 | ||||||||||||||||||
DBL | ? | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||
BCL-P | 172 | 446 | ||||||||||||||||||
Glodok | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 4300 | 4300 | (Periophthalmus sp.) | 3396 | ||||||||||||||||
DBL | 57 | 57 | 315 | |||||||||||||||||
BCL-P | 219 | 219 | 833 | |||||||||||||||||
Srinding | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 6720 | (Ambasis sp.) | ||||||||||||||||||
DBL | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||
BCL-P | 330 | |||||||||||||||||||
Shrimp | ||||||||||||||||||||
L | 970 | (M. monoceros) | ||||||||||||||||||
DBL | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
BCL-P | 84 |
TABLE 6
Pesticide residue concentrations in environmental samples
A: Fish and shrimp in tambak. Concentrations in ppb/wet (μ/kg)
Species Local name and Latin name (English name) | organ | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | Endrin | PCB | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | Total DDT | % DDT/ total DDT (including TDE, DDE, DDMU) | |
alpha | gamma | (all p,p') | ||||||||||||
Tambak, Jepara | ||||||||||||||
BELANAK | liver | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.8 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 11.1 | 4.5 |
Mugil sp. (Grey Mullet) | flesh | 3.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7.3 | 19.7 | 0.3 | 27.3 | 1.1 |
(killed with derris-root extract) | ||||||||||||||
gonad | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.2 | 33.4 | 66.5 | 0.8 | 106.9 | 0.7 | |
stomach | 6.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.8 | 37.7 | 1.4 | 56.9 | 2.5 | |
MUJAHIR | flesh | 8.0 | - | - | 7.5 | - | - | - | 1.1 | 9.6 | 41 | 0.1 | 51.8 | 0.2 |
Tilapia mossambica | liver | 0.0 | - | - | 34.0 | - | - | - | 23 | 0.0 | 24 | 0.0 | 47 | 0.0 |
stomach | 43.0 | - | - | 35.0 | - | - | - | - | 38 | 142 | 0.3 | 180.3 | 0.2 | |
MUJAHIR (killed with Thiodan) (same pond) | flesh | - | - | - | 67.0 | - | - | - | - | 4.8 | 19 | 51 | 74.8 | 68.2 |
liver | - | - | - | 178.0 | - | - | - | - | 3.2 | 7.5 | 215 | 225.7 | 95.3 | |
stomach | - | - | - | 75.0 | - | - | - | - | 2.6 | 14 | 69 | 85.6 | 80.6 | |
UDANG PUTIH | (killed with Thiodan) | |||||||||||||
Pen eus merguiensis (white shrimp) | flesh | - | - | - | 2.1 | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | - | 1.0 | 1.6 | 62.5 |
JAMBRONG | flesh | - | - | - | 91.0 | - | - | - | - | 21 | 35 | 28 | 84 | 33.3 |
Therapon puta (Therapon) | (killed with Thiodan) | |||||||||||||
liver | - | - | - | 414 | - | - | - | - | 53 | 65 | 302 | 420 | 71.9 | |
stomach | 39.0 | - | - | 512 | - | - | - | 29 | 168 | 385 | 113 | 695 | 16.3 | |
SUKANG | flesh | - | - | - | 15 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 26 | 0.7 | 29.7 | 2.4 |
Triacanthus sp. (Spikefish) | liver | not analysed (killed with Thiodan) | ||||||||||||
stomach | 183 | - | - | 36 | - | - | - | 68 | 706 | 2 180 | 49 | 3 003 | 1.6 | |
KETING | flesh | 3 | - | - | 103 | - | - | - | - | 11 | 14 | 3.7 | 28.7 | 12.9 |
Arius sp. (Catfish) | liver | 75 | - | - | 792 | - | - | - | - | 153 | 352 | 20 | 525 | 3.8 |
(killed + Thiodan) | ||||||||||||||
stomach | 7.5 | - | - | 681 | - | - | - | - | 6.1 | 21 | 38 | 65.1 | 58.4 | |
KAPASAN | flesh | 4.8 | - | - | 149 | - | - | - | 9.3 | 2.6 | 21 | 114 | 146.9 | 77.6 |
Gerris sp. (Mojarra) | (killed + Thiodan) | |||||||||||||
liver | 40 | - | - | 2 290 | - | - | - | - | - | 155 | 1 340 | 1 495 | 89.6 | |
stomach | 216 | - | - | 1 870 | - | - | - | 18 | 195 | 1 005 | 870 | 2 088 | 41.7 | |
BALANAK | flesh | 4.5 | - | - | 196 | - | - | - | - | 5.3 | 19 | 171 | 195.3 | 87.6 |
Mugil sp. (Grey Mullet) | (killed + Thiodan) | |||||||||||||
liver | 7 | - | - | 59 | - | - | - | - | - | 6.3 | 101 | 107.3 | 94.1 | |
stomach | 111 | - | - | 1 126 | - | - | - | 27 | 138 | 560 | 1 237 | 1 962 | 63.0 | |
BLOSO | flesh | - | - | - | 30 | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | 2.7 | 45 | 48.7 | 92.4 |
Gobias sp. (Goby) | (ibid) | |||||||||||||
liver | 59 | - | - | 2 420 | - | - | - | 26 | 1 054 | 1 010 | 3 480 | 5 570 | 62.5 | |
stomach | 3.4 | - | - | 371 | - | - | - | - | 61 | 56 | 352 | 469 | 75.0 | |
Tambak, Surabaya | ||||||||||||||
UDANG BAGO | ||||||||||||||
Penaeus monodon (Tiger shrimp) | flesh | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 4.0 |
UDANG PUTIH | ||||||||||||||
Penaeus merguiensis (White or Banana shrimp) | flesh | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 6.9 |
MUJAHIR | flesh | - | 25.9 | - | 3.6 | - | - | - | 5.3 | 37.8 | 61.9 | 5.8 | 110.8 | 5.2 |
Tilapia mossambioa (Tilapia) | liver | - | 32 | 0.7 | 5.7 | - | - | - | 12 | 65 | 108 | 5.7 | 190.7 | 3.0 |
stomach | - | 176 | 13 | 29 | - | - | - | 40 | 315 | 519 | 46 | 920 | 5.0 | |
JAMBRONG | flesh | - | 8.2 | 12.7 | 0.5 | - | - | - | 5.0 | 38 | 31 | 5 | 79 | 6.3 |
Therapon puta (Therapon) | liver | - | 70 | - | - | - | - | - | 84 | 768 | 614 | 84 | 1 550 | 5.4 |
stomach | - | 93 | 105 | 11 | - | - | - | 63 | 801 | 487 | 89 | 1 440 | 6.2 | |
BANDENG | flesh | 13 | 1.8 | - | 2.0 | - | - | - | 5.3 | 26.8 | 13.6 | 3.5 | 49.2 | 7.1 |
Chanos chanos (Milkfish) | liver | 1.6 | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.5 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 8.4 | 14.3 |
stomach | 86 | 1.8 | - | 4.7 | - | - | - | 14.0 | 74 | 40 | 12.2 | 140.2 | 8.7 | |
BELANAH | flesh | - | 46 | 7 | 8.4 | - | - | - | 9.6 | 99 | 146 | 11 | 265.6 | 4.1 |
Mugil sp. (Grey Mullet) | liver | - | 115 | 283 | 4.0 | - | - | - | 3.0 | 82 | 131 | 21 | 237 | 8.9 |
stomach | - | 169 | 38 | 42 | - | - | - | 56 | 545 | 909 | 74 | 1 584 | 4.7 |
The symbol - means that the quantity of pesticide was below detectable level (for most of them below 0.1 ppb/wet).
B: Sediments from tambaks (in ppb/dry)
Origin | No. | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | Endrin | PCB | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT o,p' | DDT p,p' | total DDT | % DDT/total DDT | |
alpha | gamma | ||||||||||||||
ATJEH, | KLM-Banka | - | 2.4 | - | 2.9 | - | - | - | - | 12.8 | 12.6 | - | - | 25.4 | 0.0 |
Sumatra | KLM-II | ? | ? | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | 1.7 | - | - | 2.9 | 0.0 |
KLM-TBB | 8.9 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 11.8 | |
KLM-IVA | ? | ? | - | 8.9 | - | - | - | - | 3.2 | 3.0 | 10.4 | 1.1 | 17.7 | 6.2 | |
MRH-XD | ? | ? | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | 0.8 | - | - | 1.2 | 0.0 | |
MEDAN, | |||||||||||||||
Sumatra | 9.1 | 1.4 | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.5 | 0.0 |
11.3 | ? | ? | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.0 | 9.0 | - | 0.4 | 21.4 | 1.9 | |
JAMBI, | |||||||||||||||
Sumatra | 50.1 | ? | ? | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.0 | - | 11.9 | 23.9 | 49.8 |
JAKARTA, | |||||||||||||||
Java | 6.2 | 2.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.6 | - | - | - | 4.6 | 0.0 |
KENDAL, | |||||||||||||||
Java | 18.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.3 | 0.9 | - | - | 5.2 | 0.0 |
RP-I | ? | ? | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.6 | - | - | - | 2.6 | 0.0 | |
PEMALANG, | |||||||||||||||
Java | Dempond-I | - | 4.1 | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 4.7 | 4.3 |
JEPARA, | |||||||||||||||
Java | E- 4 | 7 000 | - | - | 8.0 | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | 10 | - | 2 | 14.5 | 13.8 |
(recently sprayed with BHC) | |||||||||||||||
J | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.2 | 0.2 | - | - | 2.4 | 0.0 | |
SURABAYA, | |||||||||||||||
Java | 40.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.7 | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.0 |
Sukolilo | - | 1.7 | 9.6 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.2 | 21.1 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 28.1 | 8.9 | |
PONTIANAK, Kalimantan (Borneo) | 1.1 | 3.4 | - | 9.4 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.3 | - | 2.5 | 92 |
C: Water from tambaks (in ppb/wet) | |||||||||||||||
KENDAL, | |||||||||||||||
Java | 0.01 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | smaller than 0.01 ppb | ||||||
JEPARA, | |||||||||||||||
Java | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.006 | 0.008 | - | 0.007 | 0.021 | 33.3 | |
SURABAYA, | |||||||||||||||
Java | 0.137 | 0.22 | 0.011 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.003 | 0.010 | - | - | 0.013 | 0.0 |
? = below 1 ppb, difficult to detect due to matching by sulphur
TABLE 7
Pesticide residue concentrations in environmental samples
A: Fish and shrimp from the sea (concentrations in ppb/wet)
Locations Species Local name and Latin name (English name) | Organs | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | |
alpha | gamma | |||||
JEPARA, Java | ||||||
SELAR | flesh | - | - | - | - | - |
Caranx sp. (Jacks) | liver | - | - | - | - | - |
stomach | 0.4 | - | 2 | - | - | |
JUWI | flesh | - | - | - | - | - |
(mixed small fishes) | liver | - | - | - | - | - |
stomach | - | - | - | - | - | |
KEMBUNG | flesh | 0.4 | - | - | - | - |
Rastrelliger sp. (Mackerel) | liver | - | - | - | - | - |
stomach | - | - | - | - | - | |
BANDENG | flesh | - | - | - | - | - |
(1 = 96 cm) | ||||||
Chanos chanos (Milkfish) | liver | - | - | - | - | - |
flesh abdominal | - | - | - | - | - | |
BANDENG | ||||||
Chanos chanos (Milkfish) | (1 = 93 cm) | |||||
flesh dorsal | - | - | - | - | - | |
liver | 0.5 | - | 30.6 | - | - | |
liver ceaca | 1.3 | - | 0.6 | - | - | |
brain | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.0 | - | - | |
testes | - | - | 2.0 | - | - | |
SURABAYA,Java | ||||||
BAWAL | flesh | 9.2 | 5.9 | 15.7 | - | - |
Formio niger (Pomfrets) | liver | - | 14.2 | 74.5 | - | - |
stomach | 6.0 | 33.5 | 88.5 | - | - | |
SAMADAR | flesh | - | 20.5 | 32 | - | - |
Siganus vermiculatus (Spine foot) | liver | - | 8.0 | 69 | - | - |
stomach | - | 43 | 98 | - | - | |
SEBELAH | flesh | - | 0.6 | 10.8 | - | - |
Cynoglossus lingua (Long tong sole) | liver | - | 23.3 | 183.9 | - | - |
stomach | - | - | 65.1 | - | - | |
JAPUH | flesh | - | 0.5 | 1.3 | - | - |
Dussumieria acuta (Rainbow sardine) | liver | - | - | 44.4 | 5.7 | - |
stomach | - | 0.1 | 47.8 | 5.6 | - | |
BLOSO | flesh | - | - | 2.2 | - | - |
Gobius microlepis (Goby) | liver | - | - | - | - | - |
stomach | - | 0.4 | 1.8 | - | - |
Endrin | PCB (spectrum equal to Arochlor 1260 or DP-6) | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | total DDT | % DDT/total DDT | total DDT/PCB | |
o,p' | p,p' | ||||||||
- | - | - | 1.3 | 2.7 | - | - | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
- | - | - | 3.9 | 2.6 | - | - | 6.5 | 0.0 | |
- | - | 6.5 | 3.5 | 0.9 | - | - | 10.9 | 0.0 | |
- | - | - | 7.9 | 13 | - | 1.6 | 22.5 | 7.1 | |
- | - | - | 28 | 45 | - | 2.3 | 75.3 | 3.1 | |
- | - | - | 66 | 100 | - | 14 | 180 | 7.8 | |
- | - | 1.5 | 0.2 | 5.8 | - | 5.8 | 13.3 | 43.6 | |
- | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | 36 | - | 33 | 73 | 45.2 | |
- | - | - | 0.6 | 16 | - | 21 | 37.6 | 55.8 | |
- | 740±130 | 43 | 720 | 56 | - | 720 | 1539 | 46.8 | 2.1 |
- | 20±3 | 0.5 | 17 | 6 | - | 11 | 34.5 | 31.9 | 1.7 |
- | smaller than 40 | 2.7 | 20.7 | 24.2 | - | 22.7 | 70.3 | 32.3 | 1.8 |
- | - | - | 3.2 | 3.3 | - | 2.9 | 9.4 | 30.9 | |
- | - | - | 6.7 | 5.6 | - | 5.8 | 18.1 | 32.0 | |
- | - | - | 0.6 | 1.1 | - | 1.0 | 2.7 | 37.0 | |
- | - | - | 2.3 | 2.2 | - | 1.1 | 5.6 | 19.6 | |
- | - | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | - | 0.4 | 2.4 | 16.7 | |
- | - | 1.0 | 40.4 | 20.8 | - | 26.7 | 88.9 | 30.0 | |
- | - | 2.0 | 77.0 | 77.5 | - | - | 156.5 | 0.0 | |
- | - | 0.3 | 19.8 | 15.5 | - | 0.7 | 36.3 | 1.9 | |
- | - | - | 8.3 | 3.4 | - | 3.2 | 14.9 | 21.5 | |
- | - | 3.0 | 50.0 | 52.0 | - | 0.7 | 106.5 | 6.5 | |
- | - | 2.0 | 33.0 | 19.0 | - | 9.0 | 63.0 | 14.3 | |
- | - | - | 12.7 | 3.0 | - | 3.9 | 19.6 | 20.0 | |
- | - | - | 2.0 | 5.1 | - | 0.4 | 7.5 | 5.3 | |
- | - | - | 17.4 | 4.2 | - | 0.1 | 21.7 | 0.5 | |
- | - | - | 28.2 | 8.3 | - | 9.4 | 45.9 | 20.5 | |
- | - | 3.6 | 282.5 | 185.8 | - | 26.0 | 497.9 | 5.2 | |
- | - | 2.1 | 43.4 | 109.4 | - | 0.3 | 155.2 | 0.2 | |
- | - | - | 15.7 | 2.6 | - | 5.8 | 24.1 | 24.1 | |
- | - | - | 303.7 | 132.2 | - | 24.8 | 460.7 | 5.4 | |
- | - | - | 80.7 | 33.0 | - | 9.7 | 123.4 | 7.9 |
Locations Species Local name and Latin name (English name) | Organs | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | |
alpha | gamma | |||||
KEMBUNG | flesh | - | 64 | 6.7 | - | - |
Rastrelliger sp. (Mackerel) | liver | - | 91 | 237 | - | - |
stomach | - | 96 | 243 | - | - | |
SELAR | flesh | - | 0.7 | 5.0 | - | - |
Caranx sp. (Jacks) | liver | (not analysed) | ||||
stomach | - | 11.8 | 67.0 | 0.6 | - | |
KERAPU | flesh | 0.8 | 3.4 | 1.7 | - | - |
Epinephelus sp. (Grouper) | liver | - | 5.2 | 59.7 | - | - |
stomach | 5.2 | 4.7 | 26.2 | - | - | |
PULAU KARIMUNJAWA | ||||||
Java Sea | ||||||
PENYU | flesh | 1-20 | 7-18 | - | - | - |
Chelonia mydas (Sea turtle) | liver | 4-20 | <15 | - | - | - |
WEST IRIAN | ||||||
UDANG BAGO | flesh | 0.2-2 | - | - | - | - |
P. monodon (Tiger shrimp) | (preserved frozen) | |||||
TJILATJAP, S.Java | ||||||
UDANG PUTIH P. merguiensis (Banana shrimp) | flesh | 15 | - | 36.4 | - | - |
B: Sediments from estuaries and sea (in ppb/dry)
Origin | Specifics | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | |
alpha | gamma | |||||
MEDAN | Mouth Belawan | ? | ? | - | 0.2 | - |
Sumatra | Mouth Sialang Buah | 3.3 | - | - | - | 14.7 |
Mouth Perout | 11.5 | - | - | - | 22.5 | |
Estuary/sea Belawan | - | - | - | - | - | |
Estuary/sea | - | 4.1 | 1.0 | - | - | |
Sialang Buah | ||||||
Estuary/sea Percut | 4.8 | - | - | 3.0 | 25.4 | |
JAMBI | Estuary/river | ? | ? | - | - | - |
Sumatra | Sea½ mile offshore | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.3 | - |
JAKARTA | Mouth/river | 12.0 | - | 2.0 | 0.7 | - |
Java | " " | ? | ? | - | - | - |
Estuary | - | 3.4 | 4.5 | - | 32.4 |
Endrin | PCB (spectrum equal to Arochlor 1260 or DP-6) | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | total DDT | % DDT/total DDT | total DDT/PCB | |
o,p' | p,p' | ||||||||
- | - | - | 3.9 | 2.2 | - | 2.2 | 8.3 | 26.5 | |
- | - | - | 34.0 | 67.0 | - | - | 101 | 0.0 | |
- | - | - | 16.4 | 17.7 | - | 1.8 | 35.9 | 5.0 | |
- | - | 8.4 | 80.8 | 21.1 | - | 65.3 | 175.6 | 37.4 | |
(not analysed) | |||||||||
- | - | 2.3 | 62.4 | 43.7 | - | 23.4 | 131.8 | 17.8 | |
- | - | 0.6 | 3.4 | 0.8 | - | 0.6 | 5.4 | 11.1 | |
- | - | - | 290.1 | 48.9 | - | 13.7 | 352.7 | 3.9 | |
- | - | - | 54.3 | 6.5 | - | 0.7 | 61.5 | 1.1 | |
- | - | - | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | - | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
- | - | - | 3-13 | 3.5 | - | 3.7 | 15.2 | 24.3 | |
- | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.5 | 0.0 | |
- | - | - | 1.3 | - | - | - | 1.3 | 0.0 |
Endrin | PCB | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | total DDT | %DDT/total DDT | ||
o,p' | p,p' | o,p' | p,p' | ||||||
- | 1.0 | - | 6.4 | - | 9.1 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 17.9 | 13.4 |
5.6 | (Arochlor 1254) | - | 1.9 | - | 4.5 | 5.4 | - | 11.8 | 45.8 |
9.2 | - | - | 0.6 | - | 1.1 | 6.5 | - | 8.2 | 79.3 |
- | - | - | 8.8 | - | 2.7 | - | - | 11.5 | 0.0 |
- | - | 2.0 | 0.6 | - | 3.7 | 13.9 | 3.4 | 23.6 | 73.3 |
15.1 | - | - | 3.8 | - | 1.0 | 8.0 | - | 12.8 | 62.5 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 20.4 | - | 20.4 | 100 |
- | - | 1.7 | 2.2 | - | 0.6 | - | 0.9 | 5.4 | 16.7 |
- | - | - | 2.8 | - | 0.8 | 0.6 | - | 4.2 | 14.3 |
- | - | - | 1.2 | - | 1.9 | - | - | 3.1 | 0.0 |
- | - | - | 27.6 | 60 | 25.5 | 0.9 | 4.1 | 118.1 | 4.2 |
Origin | Specifice | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | |
alpha | gamma | |||||
JEPARA | Estuary (sand) | 1.7 | - | - | - | - |
Java | Estuary (mud) | 2.6 | - | - | - | - |
GRESIK, Java | Estuary | 0.8 | - | - | - | - |
SURABAYA | Mouth Yosonilangun | ? | ? | - | - | - |
Landing Centre | - | - | - | - | - | |
CILACAP S. Java | Coast | 0.7 | - | - | 0.2 | - |
KROYA S.Java | Coast | 0.6 | 2.6 | 1.0 | - | - |
PONTINAK | Mouth river | 3.0 | - | - | - | - |
Borneo | " " | - | 8.9 | 1.7 | 1.6 | - |
Estuary | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.8 | - | - |
? = not detectable due to too much sulphur.
Endrin | PCB | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | total DDT | % DDT/total DDT | ||
o,p' | p,p' | o,p' | p,p' | ||||||
- | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | 2.3 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 96 |
- | - | - | 0.3 | - | - | 0.6 | - | 0.9 | 66.7 |
- | - | - | 2.7 | - | 0.3 | - | 1.1 | 4.1 | 26.8 |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 6.3 | - | 6.3 | 100 |
- | 97±20 (Arochlor 1260) | - | 38.9 | - | 99.4 | - | 9.5 | 147.8 | 6.4 |
- | - | 0.4 | 2.1 | 0.6 | - | - | 3.1 | 0.0 | |
- | - | - | 1.5 | - | 0.7 | 1.0 | - | 3.2 | 31.3 |
- | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | 0.3 | 5.8 | 8.6 | 67.4 |
- | - | - | 6.3 | - | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 7.9 | 2.5 |
- | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | 3.0 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 5.4 |
TABLE 8
River water analysis
A: Water (pesticides in ppb/wet)
Location | Date | pH | O2 | BOD-24h | COD mg 0/1 | PO4 ppm | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | ||
direct | 1:1 | alpha | gamma | |||||||
JAKARTA | ||||||||||
Kali Anool | 29.8.75 | 6.7 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 16.3 | 0.0 | 0.21 | 0.09 | - |
SEMARANG | ||||||||||
Kali Gawé | 9.8.75 | 7.3 | 0.0 | - | 2.6 | 2.45 | 0.0 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
Banjir Kan. | 9.8.75 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.54 | 0.0 | 0.03 | - | 0.004 |
SURABAYA | ||||||||||
Kanal | 5.9.75 | 6.9 | 0.0 | - | - | 58.08 | 0.5 | 0.002 | - | 0.002 |
Kali | 15.9.75 | 6.9 | ? | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.8 | 0.3 | - |
Land. Centr. | 5.9.75 | 6.6 | 2.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 7.7 | 0.2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Location | Thiodan I | Dieldrin | Endrin | PCB | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | total DDT | % DDT/ total DDT |
(all p,p') | ||||||||||
JAKARTA | ||||||||||
Kali Anool | 0.005 | - | - | - | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.020 | 25.0 |
SEMARANG | ||||||||||
Kali Gawé | - | - | - | - | 0.024 | 0.04 | 0.15 | - | 0.214 | 0.0 |
Banjir Kan. | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.013 | 0.013 | 100 |
SURABAYA | ||||||||||
Kanal | 0.0001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Kali | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Land. Centr. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
B: Suspended matter (pesticides in ppm/dry)
Location | Date | Susp.m. mg/l | Ignition loss % | BHC | 2,4 D isopr.e. | Thiodan I | |
alpha | gamma | ||||||
JAKARTA | |||||||
Kali Ancol | 29.8.75 | 43.6 | 64.0 | 0.32 | 0.28 | - | 0.03 |
(% pest. in susp/total: | 6.3 | 11.8 | - | 22 | |||
SEMARANG | |||||||
Kali Gawé | 9.8.75 | 39.7 | 57 | 1.2 | - | - | - |
Banjir Kan. | 9.8.75 | 12.5 | 35 | 0.19 | - | - | - |
SURABAYA | |||||||
Kanal | 5.9.75 | 58.8 | 68.5 | ? | ? | - | <0.02 |
Kali | 15.9.75 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Land. Centr. | 5.9.75 | 165.8 | 94.0 | n.d. | (see Table VII-B for sediment) |
Location | Dieldrin | Endrin | PCB | DDMU | DDE | TDE | DDT | total DDT | % DDT/total DDT |
JAKARTA | |||||||||
Kali Ancol | + | 0.26 | - | 0.08 | 0.72 | 1.50 | 0.25 | 2.55 | 9.8 |
- | 100 | - | 33 | 91 | 93 | 69 | 85%) | ||
SEMARANG | |||||||||
Kali Gawé | - | - | - | 6.73 | 1.56 | 3.06 | 0.03 | 11.38 | 0.3 |
Banjir Kan. | - | - | - | - | 0.09 | 0.30 | - | 0.39 | 0.0 |
SURABAYA | |||||||||
Kanal | - | - | - | - | 0.112 | 0.77 | 0.49 | 1.372 | 35.7 |
Kali | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Land. Centr. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Fig. 1 DIAZINON AND LEPTOPHOS AQUARIA TESTS WITH SHRIMP, CHIRONOMID LARVAE AND FISH.
(A: LT50 VERSUS INITIAL EXPOSURE CONCENTRATION,
B: LD50 VERSUS DURATION OF EXPOSURE)
Fig. 2 UPTAKE AND LOSS OF DIAZINON WIDTH TIME IN TILAPIA AND CHANOS (T½ = BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE PERIOD)
Fig. 3. DIAZINON AND LEPTOPHOS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE WATER VERSUS CONCENTRATIONS DETERMINED IN KILLED ORGANISMS
Fig. 4 POSITION OF SAMPLING STATIONS
Fig. 5 PERCENTAGE DDT/TOTAL DDT IN LIVER OF VARIOUS SPECIES VERSUS
THIODAN CONCENTRATION IN LIVER
(t = FISH WAS KILLED BY THIODAN APPLICATION IN THE PONDS)