Appendix 3
LINING SPECIFICATIONS

I. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLASTIC LININGS

1. General requirements

   The work covered by these specifications consists of installing a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic lining in the facilities where shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. All work shall be done in strict accordance with the drawings and these specifications and shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the contract.

2. Materials

   1. General. The materials supplied under these specifications shall be first quality products, designed and manufactured specifically for the purposes of this work and which have been satisfactorily demonstrated by prior use to be suitable and durable for such purposes. The Contractor shall, at the time of bidding, supply the Engineer with the name of the lining fabricator and, later, a certified test report from the sheeting producer that the sheeting meets these specifications for durable lining material, and that the material is not toxic to fish or crustaceans.

   2. Description of PVC materials. PVC plastic lining shall consist of widths of calendered PVC sheeting fabricated into large sections by means of PVC-solution-bonded factory seams into a single piece or into the minimum number of large pieces required to fit the facility.

3. Minimum manufacturing specifications

   1. The PVC materials shall conform to the following minimum manufacturing specifications:

2. PVC polyvinyl chloride materials shall be manufactured from virgin polyvinyl chloride resin and specifically compounded for use in hydraulic facilities. Reprocessed material shall not be used. It shall be dark grey in colour and produced in a standard minimum width of 61 inches. Thickness shall be as shown on the project drawings. Certified test results showing that the sheeting meets the specifications shall be supplied.

4. Factory fabrication

   Individual widths of PVC materials shall be fabricated into large sections by PVC-solution-bonding into a single piece or into the minimum number of pieces, up to 100 feet wide, as are required to fit the facility. Lap joints with a minimum joint width of 3/4 inch shall be used. After fabrication, the lining shall be accordion-folded in both directions into heavy cardboard boxes or wooden boxes for shipping purposes.

5. Installation of PVC lining

   1. General. The PVC lining shall be placed over the prepared surfaces to be lined in such a manner as to assure minimum handling. It shall be sealed to all concrete structures and other openings through the lining, in accordance with details shown on drawings submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The lining shall be closely fitted and sealed around inlets, outlets, and other projections through the lining. Any portion of lining damaged during installation by any cause shall be removed or repaired by using an additional piece of lining, as specified hereinafter.

      1. Field joints. Lap joints of the same kind as used in the factory shall be used to seal factory-fabricated pieces of PVC together in the field. Lap joints shall be formed by lapping the edges of pieces a minimum of 2 inches. The contact surfaces of the pieces shall be wiped clean to remove all dirt, dust, moisture, or other foreign materials. Sufficient vinyl-to-vinyl bonding solution shall be applied to both contact surfaces in the joint area and the two surfaces pressed together immediately. Any wrinkles shall be smoothed out.

      2. Joints to structures. All curing compounds and coatings shall be completely removed from the joint area. Joining of PVC to concrete shall be made with vinylto-concrete adhesive. Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, the minimum width of concrete shelf provided for the cemented joint shall be 8 inches. Where shown on the drawings, batten strips shall be used to reinforce the adhesive bond. Any pipe boots required shall be made of the same material.

      3. Repairs to PVC. Any necessary repairs to the PVC shall be patched with the lining material itself and vinyl-to-vinyl bonding solution. The bonding solution shall be applied to the contact surfaces of both the patch and lining to be repaired and the two surfaces pressed together immediately. Any wrinkles shall be smoothed out.

      4. Quality of workmanship. All joints, on completion of the work, shall be tightly bonded. Any lining surface showing injury due to scuffing, penetration by foreign objects, or distress from rough subgrade shall, as directed by the Engineer, be replaced or covered and sealed with an additional layer of PVC of the proper size.

   2. Technical assistance. A representative of the company furnishing the plastic lining shall be present during the entire installation procedure and shall provide technical assistance for the installation of the lining, if requested by the Directorate of Fisheries.

II. REINFORCED HYPALON - PLASTIC LININGS AND COVERS

1. General requirements

   The work covered by these specifications consists of installing a reinforced Hypalon plastic lining in the structures where shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer. All work shall be done in strict accordance with the drawings and these specifications and be subject to the terms and conditions of the contract.

2. Materials

   1. General. The materials supplied under these specifications shall be first quality products, designed and manufactured specifically for the purposes of this work, and which have been satisfactorily demonstrated by prior use to be suitable and durable for such purposes. The contractor shall, at the time of bidding, supply the Engineer with the name of the lining fabricator and, later, a certified test report from the sheeting producer that the sheeting meets these specifications for durable liner and cover material, and is not toxic to fish or crustaceans.

   2. Description of reinforced Hypalon materials. Reinforced Hypalon plastic lining shall consist of widths of calendered reinforced Hypalon sheeting fabricated into large sections by means of Hypalon-solution-bonded factory seams into a single piece or into the minimum number of large pieces to fit the facility. The reinforced Hypalon sheet shall be made by encapsulating reinforcing fabric between two sheets of 15 mil orheavier-gauge Hypalon sheeting, made from a composition of which du Pont Hypalon 45 is at least 45% by weight of the finished sheeting.

3. Minimum manufacturing specifications

   1. Unreinforced film (prior to laminating). Specifications shall be as follows:

2. The reinforced Hypalon shall be made by calender-laminating Hypalon with the above specifications on both sides of polyester fabric to give the following properties for Staff No. 7210 Fish Grade sheeting:

Fabric count	10 × 10-1 000 d polyester
Laminate thickness, inch	.036 + 10% & .045 ± 10%	ASTM D751
Cold bend (36 mil)	-45°F, no cracks	ASTM D2136, 1/8 in mandrel
Tensile strength, lbs., grab method	200	ASTM D751
Tear strength, lbs., tongue tear method	80	ASTM D751
Puncture resistance, lbs.	180	FTM-101B -2031
Dimensional stability		ASTM D1204-54
2 h at 150°F
2 h at 212°F
Seam strength, factory & field, lb.	170	ASTM D751

4. Factory fabrication

   The reinforcing fabric shall be laminated between the two Hypalon sheetings so that the edges of the scrim are encapsulated ½ in ± ¼ in so that no exposed scrim shows on the edge. Each width of reinforced Hypalon so made shall be Hypalon-solution-bonded to the next width by utilizing lap joints a minimum of 1 ½ in scrim-to-scrim and with the encapsulated edges bonded on both top and bottom edges. Seams shall be lengthwise so as to minimize the joining of cut ends of large panels. Seam strength shall be at least 170 pounds by ASTM D751. The lining shall be accordion-folded into heavy cardboard boxes or wooden boxes, for shipping purposes.

5. Installation of Hypalon lining

   1. General. The Hypalon lining shall be placed over the prepared surfaces to be lined in such a manner as to assure minimum handling. It shall be sealed to all concrete structures and other openings through the lining in accordance with details shown on drawings submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The lining shall be closely fitted and sealed around inlets, outlets, and other projections through the lining. Any portion of lining damaged during installation by any cause shall be removed or repaired by using an additional piece of lining, as specified hereinafter.

      1. Field joints. Lap joints shall be used to seal factory-fabricated linings of reinforced Hypalon together in the field. All field joints between sections of Hypalon lining shall be made on a supporting smooth surface such as a board and, unless the weather is warm and the sun shining brightly, heat guns shall be used to make the sealing temperature at least 100°F. Field seams shall be rolled during heating to effect a satisfactory bond of full strength. The lap joints shall be formed by lapping the edges of pieces a minimum of 1 ½ in scrim-to-scrim. The contact surfaces of the pieces shall be wiped clean to remove all dirt, dust, moisture, or other foreign materials. Sufficient Hypalon-to-Hypalon bonding solution shall be applied to both contact surfaces in the joint area and the two surfaces pressed together and rolled. Any wrinkles shall be smoothed out and any cut edges of the reinforced Hypalon shall be sealed with a flood coat of Hypalon solution to prevent wicking.

      2. Joints to structures. All curing compounds and coatings shall be completely removed from the joint area. Joining of Hypalon to concrete shall be made with Hypalon-to-concrete adhesive and mechanical fasteners. Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, the minimum width of concrete shelf provide for the cement joint shall be 4 in. For all shapes like pipe boots that require extensibility, unreinforced Hypalon shall be used.

      3. Repairs to Hypalon. Any necessary repairs to the Hypalon shall be patched with the lining material itself and Hypalon-to-Hypalon bonding solution. The bonding solution shall be applied to the contact surfaces of both the patch and lining to be repaired and the two surfaces pressed together immediately, heated, and rolled. Any wrinkles shall be smoothed out.

      4. Quality of workmanship. All joints, on completion of the work, shall be tightly bonded. Any lining surface showing injury due to scuffing, penetration by foreign objects, or distress from rough subgrade shall, as directed by the Engineer, be replaced or covered and sealed with an additional layer of Hypalon of the proper size.

   2. Technical assistance. A representative of the company furnishing the plastic lining shall be present during the entire installation procedure and shall provide technical assistance for the installation of the lining, if requested by the Directorate of Fisheries.