PreviousLocating
your fish farm
Bringing
water to your farm
Building
fish ponds
Bringing
water to each pond
Draining water from the pond
Preparing the pond to receive fish
Putting
baby fish in
Taking care of ponds and fish
Harvesting
fish
Improving
management
Producing
fish in pens
Producing
fish in cages
Bringing farm and ponds closer together
Avoiding diseases in your family
Attention: whenever you are given choices, check only the good answers with an X.
(a) The best location for a pond is:
on a steep hill
far from home
on clayey soil
close to home
on sandy soil
in low flooded areas
on a gentle slope
where water can flow in by itself
(b) Briefly describe how to check if the soil is good for building a pond.
(a) How can you raise the level of the water in a small stream?
(b) The supply ditch should be
at least 1 m deep
sloping very little
near the shallow ends of the ponds
less than 50 cm deep
(c) How do you control the water flow in the supply ditch? Where?
(a) Which size of pond should you prefer? Why?
(b) You plan to build a shallow 25 x 25 m pond. Make a sketch showing all the lines you will mark on the ground before and after removing the topsoil. Clearly indicate the dimensions.
(c) How much higher than the pond water level should the banks be?
(a) How much slope should you give to an inlet ditch?
(b) How do you best control the water level in the inlet ditch?
(c) At which level should the bottom of an inlet be?
(a) Where in the pond should the outlet preferably be placed?
(b) How can you ensure that water will not seep out along the outlet pipe?
(c) How high should a monk be?
(d) Should the lower end of a siphon be higher or lower than its upper end?
(e) You need to build an overflow if you use
a siphon
a pipe outlet
an L-pipe
a monk
(f) Where should you use screens?
at the inlet:
inside the pond
outside the pond
at the outlet:
inside the pond
outside the pond
Preparing the pond to receive fish
(a) What should you check before filling a pond with water?
(b) Briefly describe how to make compost from plants and manure.
(c) Where should you place a fertilizing crib, in shallow or deep water?
(d) How do you check if the pond is ready to receive baby fish?
(a) Where can you produce baby fish yourselves?
(b) For this you will need mature fishes. How many per 100 m²? Circle the best answer.
| males: | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 80 | 100 |
| females: | 10 | 20 | 40 | 80 | 120 | 150 |
(c) How often should you take all these fish out, to start again?
(d) When is the best time of the day to transport baby fish?
(e) What should you do when baby fish stay at the water surface, gasping for air?
(a) It is good to keep the grass short on the pond banks. For this you can use grazing animals such as
sheep
oxen
cows
(b) Someone who wants to wash clothes may do it only
in the stream above the supply ditch
in the supply ditch
in the stream below the supply ditch
in a pond, near the outlet
(c) To keep the water green you should fertilize a pond once a week. Circle below how many kilograms of material you should use per 100 m².
| compost | 2 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
| chicken droppings | 2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| pig manure | 2 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 |
(d) Name four different local feeds good for pond fish.
(e) Briefly tell how to decide how much food to give each day.
(f) One day, you come to your pond and see that fish are gasping for air at the water surface. What should you do for the next days, concerning:
water supply
increase
decrease
stop
fertilizing
increase
decrease
stop
feeding
increase
decrease
stop
(a) Give two reasons why you might prefer not to drain all the water from a pond.
(b) If you have so many fish in your pond that you will not be able to use them all within one day, give two good ways to solve the problem.
(c) If you harvest too many baby fish, what can you do with them?
(a) Describe what you need to do to harvest fish throughout the year.
(b) With tilapia, some fish grow faster than others. Which ones?
males
females
(a) The best location for fish pens is where
water depth is
0.5-1 m
1-1.5 m
2-3 m
water flow is
slow
fast
nil
bottom is
muddy
firm
very hard
(b) Briefly describe how to build a fish pen with bamboo and netting.
(c) How many tilapia should you put in per 100 m²?
(d) How do you harvest fish from a pen? Give at least two methods.
(a) The best location for fish cages is where
water depth is
less than 1 m
at least 2 m
water flow is
gentle
strong
very strong
winds are
gentle
strong
very strong
(b) Which mesh size should you use for netting material?
(c) Give three ways to keep the wooden frame of a cage floating.
(d) Check below how many tilapia to put in a cage, per cubic metre of water.
5-10
50-100
150-200
400-500
(e) The food should be rich. Name three kinds of good feeds.
Bringing farm and ponds closer together
(a) Give three reasons why a pond can be useful to other farm crops.
(b) To fertilize a pond you can use fresh manure from farm animals. But you must be careful not to use too much of it. For each 100 m² of pond area, it is safe to use the fresh manure of
how many ducks
1-2
4-5
10-15
chickens
5-8
15-20
30-40
pigs
1-2
4-5
10-15
Avoiding diseases in your family
(a) To control mosquitoes and snails, it is best to
let the grass grow high on the pond banks
keep the grass cut short
remove from the pond weeds that grow above the water surface
never remove these aquatic plants
keep fish in the pond
from time to time, keep the pond without fish
(b) To avoid you and your family getting sick, it is best to
at least once a day, use a pond or pen as a toilet
build a latrine on the bank at the upper end of a pond
relieve yourselves 10 m away but close to the compost pile
never use a pond or a pen as a toilet
build a latrine at least 10 m away from any water or compost
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