APPENDIXES/ANNEXES

APPENDIX/ANNEXE A
List of participants/Liste des participants

GAMBIA/GAMBIE

MBYE, Ebou Mass
Fisheries Department
6, Marina Parade
Banjul
Tel: (220) 227339
Fax: (220) 224154
E-mail: [email protected]
            [email protected]

MAURITANIA/MAURITANIE

EBAYE, Ould Mohamed Mahmoud
IMROP
BP 22
Nouadhibou
Tel: (222) 5745124
Fax: (222) 5745081
E-mail: [email protected]
            [email protected]

AHMEDOU, Ould Mohamed El Moustapha
IMROP
BP 22
Nouadhibou
Tel: (222) 5745124
Fax: (222) 5745081
E-mail: [email protected]

MOHAMED AHMED, Ould Taleb
IMROP
BP 22
Nouadhibou
Tel: (222) 5745124
Fax: (222) 5745081
E-mail: [email protected]

MOROCCO/MAROC

CHAROUKI, Najib
Institut National de Recherches Halieutiques (INRH)
2, Rue Tiznit
Casablanca 20000
Tel: (212) 22 22 02 49
Fax: (212) 26 69 67
E-mail: [email protected]

EL AYOUBI, Salaheddine
Institut National de Recherches Halieutiques (INRH)
2, Rue Tiznit
Casablanca 20000
Tel: (212) 22 22 02 49
Fax: (212) 26 69 67
E-mail: [email protected]

NORWAY/NORVÉGE

KRAKSTAD, Jens Otto
IMR
PO Box 1870
Nordes N.5817
Bergen
NORWAY
Tel: (47) 55 23 85 00/74
Fax: (47) 55 23 85 79
E-mail: [email protected]

SENEGAL/SÉNÉGAL

SAMB, Birrane
CRODT
BP 2241
Dakar
Tel: (221) 834 80 41
Fax: (221) 834 2792
E-mail:

SARRE, Abdoulaye
CRODT
BP 2241
Dakar
Tel: (221) 834 80 41
Fax: (221) 834 2792
E-mail: [email protected]
           [email protected]

APPENDIX/ANNEXE B
Agenda/Ordre du jour

1. Welcome

2. Follow-up on recommendations made at previous session

   -   Charactererisation of echograms

   -   Parallel survey

   -   Intercalibration R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSENand R/V AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH, December 2003

   -   Methodological studies on the TS reflection index

   -   Survey coverage of the Gambia, cooperation between Senegal and the Gambia

   -   Common strategy for the storage of pelagic survey data

3. Planning of parallel survey by local research vessels and R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN, October-December 2004

   -   Planning of calibration of acoustic equipment and intercalibration

   -   Organization of procedures (acoustic guidelines)

   -   Survey report

Discussion

4. Format of survey reports

   -   R/V ITAF DEME

   -   R/V AL-AWAM and AMRIGUE

   -   R/V AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH

   -   R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN

Discussion

5. Acoustic abundance research

   -   Report on the TS training course, Dakar, 12–20 October 2004

   -   Report on other research

4. Discussion format for survey reports

6. Review of survey results and experiences from 2004

   -   R/V ITAF DEME

   -   R/V AL-AWAM and AMRIGUE

   -   R/V AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH

   -   R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN

   -   Other research vessels

Discussion

7. Surveys planned for 2005

   -   R/V ITAF DEME

   -   R/V AL-AWAM and AMRIGUE

   -   R/V AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH

   -   R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN

   -   Possibility of carrying out a regional survey by local research vessels, spring 2005

Discussion

8. Parallel survey local research vessels and R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN, October–December 2005

9. Planning of calibration of acoustic equipment and intercalibration

10. Standardization of methods

    -   Age reading (report on progress made)

    -   Trawl sampling (catch and biological)

    -   Scrutinizing of echograms (preparation of “standard” echograms for main species)

    -   Presentation of the results of the study initiated in 2003 on charactererisation of echograms

Discussion

11. Identification of training needs and possible activities

12. Planning Group Report (to be prepared by chairperson and presented to the small pelagic Working Group)

13. Closure

APPENDIX/ANNEXE C
Summary of results of surveys in 2004/Résumé des résultats des campagnes 2004

(A) SUMMARY SHEET FOR PELAGIC SURVEYS R/V ITAF DEME 2003/2004

(B) SUMMARY SHEET PELAGIC SURVEYS R/V AL-AWAM 2003/2004

(C) SUMMARY SHEET PELAGIC SURVEYS R/V AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH 2003/2004

(D) SUMMARY SHEET PELAGIC SURVEYS R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN 2003

APPENDIX/ANNEXE D
Preliminary cruise schedules of the various research vessels for 2005/Programmes préliminaires des campagnes des différents navires de recherche pour 2005

APPENDIX/ANNEXE E
Summary plans for pelagic surveys in 2005/Plans récapitulatifs pour les campagnes pélagiques 2005

(A) SUMMARY PLAN FOR PELAGIC SURVEYS 2005 R/V ITAF DEME

(B) SUMMARY PLAN FOR PELAGIC SURVEYS 2005 - R/V AL-AWAM

(C) SUMMARY PLAN FOR PELAGIC SURVEYS 2005 - R/V AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH

Cruise leader:

Participating scientists/technicians:

Cruise leader:

Participating scientists/technicians:

Cruise leader:

Participating scientists/technicians:

(D) SUMMARY PLAN FOR PELAGIC SURVEYS 2005 - R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN

Cruise leader: Jens-Otto Krakstad, Tore Strømme
Participating scientists/technicians:
Local participants from Senegal, the Gambia, Mauritania and Morocco

APPENDIX/ANNEXE F
Target Strength Training Report/Rapport de la formation en Index de réflexion

Course in Target Strength Measurements Methodology

Dakar, 12–21 October 2004

1. INTRODUCTION

The acoustic course was organized by FAO in collaboration with CRODT, Dakar, Senegal, from 12 to 21 October 2004. The course was on two spectra, namely theory and practical. The theoretical aspect was conducted at the Hotel Ganale, Dakar, and the practical aspect onboard R/V ITAF DEME. The guest lecturers were Messrs Egil Ona and Ingvald Svellingen from the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway. The list of participants can be found in Annex I.

2. OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the programme was to train scientists from the subregion of Northwest Africa (Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and the Gambia) on calibration and target strength (TS) measurements techniques on Echo Sounder Simrad EK 60 at different frequencies (120 & 38 KHz) in relation to range and target species.

3. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL USED

The equipment and materials used are as follows:

-     Simrad echosounder ER60

-     Simrad processor BI 500

-     Pelagic and demersal trawls

-     Calibration equipment:

• CU60 Copper sphere: 38 & 120 KHz.
• 2 walker talky sets for communication.
• winches, nylon wires...

4. METHODS

The first practical exercise carried out onboard R/V ITAF DEME was to check the computers and all the equipment connected to ensure satisfaction. It was noticed that the raw data was stored on the computer connecting the echosounder and partly logged on the BI 500. The idea was to replay the data for future analyses with different parameter settings. This was followed by positioning the beam angles on a rectangular shape.

Frequencies of 38 and 120 KHz where employed however, the sphere was lowered to a point vertically beneath the transducer in order to measure the target. It was discovered that calibration was stable at 0.1 dB.

Fishing by trawling was conducted on two occasions to detect echoes of the Sardinella spp.(targeted). Chlorophtalmus chrysurus predominated the catch, see Annex II.

5. RESULTS AND TOPICS COVERED DURING COURSE

Generally, the training course was successful. All topics listed in the programme were covered. Calibration was conducted on the 38 and 120 KHz. The results of the calibration from the 38 KHz frequency is presented in Annex III.

Each participant has been trained in computing TS and SIGMA from trawl data and BI60 selected area for TS extraction.

• Topics covered during theorical part:
  1. Theory, single targets
     1. Sonar equation, single targets
     2. Time varied Gain (TVG)
     3. Beam compensation
     4. Power equation
     5. How is the equation realized in EK 60

     6. Estimation of signal to noise ratio (SNR)

  2. Calibration of the EK 500/ EK 60 on sample files, tank and in situ
     1. Difference between LOBE EK 500/ EK 60
     2. Fitting the beam pattern and evaluating stability
     3. Filters of the EK 500 and EK 60
     4. Errors, falsely accepting two or several targets

     5. Remedis for improved resolution

  3. Single target recognition
     1. Resolving single targets, theory
     2. Resolving single targets, practice and single files
     3. Filters of the EK500 and EK 60
     4. Errors, falsely accepting two or several targets

     5. Remedies for improved resolution

  4. The target strength equation
     1. The slope
     2. The level
     3. Wave length/size relations

     4. Literature and theory

  5. The fish and TS measurements
     1. Acoustic reflexion from a fish body
     2. Important organs, relevance
     3. Tilt angle and measuring fish orientation
     4. Measuring size and size distribution, representative sampling
     5. Pressure/depth effects

     6. Diel and seasonal variation

  6. Multi-frequency analysis
     1. Comparisons/expectations from theory
     2. Measuring the frquency response on multiple targets
     3. Measuring the r(f) on single targets

     4. Multi-transducer combinations

  7. Target tracking
     1. Measuring mean track TS
     2. Measuring swimming angle
     3. Mesuring swimming speed and direction

     4. Software for target tracking

  8. Reporting the target strenght observations
     1. TS and σ distribution
     2. Computing statistics
     3. Fish size and relevant measurements
     4. Depth and measurement range
     5. Density conditions

     6. Environment variables

• Topics covered during practical part:

  9. Practical training onboard vessel
     1. Calibration at several pulse durations
     2. Calibration training
     3. Calibration of loose transducers w.depth
     4. Evaluation of calibration data
     5. Recording target strenght data
        1. Vessel speed
        2. Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
        3. Drifting vessel
        4. Sampling of measured targets

        5. Bio measurements

  10. Postprocessing
      1. Noise estimation
      2. Selection based on degree of resolution
      3. Target counting
      4. Beam thresholding
      5. Visual removing of unwanted targets on the screen

      6. Stastical analysis

  11. Comparison to other data
      1. Errors

      2. Quality assurance and reporting

• Each participant has received a CD including:
  

  ICES CRR 235
  ICES CRR 209
  40 pages on TS methodology
  Lectures notes
  ER60 and BI 60 manuals
  Example data files from calibration
  Example data files for TS measurements
  Recorded TS data outside DAKAR

Annex/Annexe I

TARGET STRENGTH COURSE
October 2004, Dakar, Senegal

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

GAMBIA

MBYE, Ebou Mass
Fisheries Department
6, Marina Parade
Banjul
Tel: (220) 227339
Fax: (220) 224154
E-mail: [email protected]
             [email protected]

MAURITANIA

EBAYE, Ould Mohamed Mahmoud
IMROP
BP:22
Nouadhibou
Tel: (222) 5745124
Fax: (222) 5745081
E-mail: [email protected]
            [email protected]

AHMEDOU, Ould Mohamed El Moustapha
IMROP
BP:22
Nouadhibou
Tel: (222) 5745124
Fax: (222) 5745081
E-mail: [email protected]

MOHAMED AHMED, Ould Taleb
IMROP
BP 22
Nouadhibou
Tel: (222) 5745124
Fax: (222) 5745081
E-mail: [email protected]

MOROCCO

CHAROUKI, Najib
Institut National de Recherches Halieutiques (INRH)
2, Rue Tiznit
Casablanca 20000
Tel: (212) 22 22 02 49
Fax: (212) 26 69 67
E-mail: [email protected]

EL AYOUBI, Salaheddine
Institut National de Recherches Halieutiques (INRH)
2, Rue Tiznit
Casablanca 20000
Tel: (212) 22 22 02 49
Fax: (212) 26 69 67
E-mail: [email protected]

NORWAY

ONA, Egil
IMR
P.O. Box 1870
Nordes N.5817
Bergen
Tel:  (47) 55 23 85 00
        (47) 55 23 85 74
Fax: (47) 55 23 85 79
E-mail: [email protected]

SVELLINGEN, Ingvald
IMR
P.O. Box 1870
Nordes N.5817
Bergen
Tel:  (47) 55 23 85 00
        (47) 55 23 85 74
Fax: (47) 55 23 85 79
E-mail: [email protected]

SENEGAL

SARRE, Abdoulaye
CRODT
BP 2241
Dakar
Tel: (221) 834 80 41
Fax: (221) 834 2792
E-mail: [email protected]
             cc: [email protected]

SOW, Ibrahima
CRODT
BP 2241
Dakar
Tel: (221) 834 80 41
Fax: (221) 834 2792
E-mail: [email protected]
            cc:[email protected]

Annex/Annexe II

Caractéristiques des stations de chalutage et composition spécifique durant la campagne de méthodologie de mesure de TS à bord du N/O ITAF DEME

Annex/Annexe III

Calibration of the echo sounder for 38KHz at pulse duration 1 ms

Settings in sound velocity menu during calibration:

Measured vales before adjustments (measured with sphere at axis):

, σ = 4 Π 10^0.1TS, ψ = 10^{(10log ψ/10)}

Notes about the calibration and detected deviations: Slightly large noise level of plankton echo around the sphere

RMS=0.38 dB

Raw calibration data (EK60) stored in file: Filename: Calibration-D20041015-T11627O7.raw

Lobe data (EK500) stored in file: Filename: 1 ST CAL 38

Weather conditions: Perfect      Good      Bad (Mark)         Wind speed: 5 ms-1

When changes in transducer gains are more than o.3 dB between calibrations, investigations should be made to explain the difference. If no error is detected, new calibrations should be performed within short time.

Appendix/ Annexe IV

Target Strength Training Report/Rapport de la formation en Index de réflexion

Figure 1. Copy of the ER60 display during trawling on trawl no 3 at Log 66.6, position 14 31.9 N 17 21.5 W

CATCH DATA, SEE EXCEL SHEETS ENTERED IN NANSIS

FAIRLY CLEAN CATCH OF ONE SPECIES,
UNIMODAL LENGTH DISTRIBUTION
OK FOR TS MEASUREMENTS

Figure 2. Copy of BI60 display with selected area for extraction of TS data

Figure 3. TS output dialogue box

Table 1. Example of TS to BiOutput.csv file

STEP 3.

COMPUTE ANGLE OFF ACOUSTIC AXIS, THETA

THEN COMPUTE σ;

σ = 4 Π 10^(TScomp/10)

AS SEPARATE VARIABLES IN THE EXCEL FILE

STEP 4.

MAKE TS AND SIGMA DISTRIBUTIONS

STEP 5.
LOOK FOR LARGER TARGETS INSIDE YOUR DISTRIBUTION

REMOVE UNWANTED TARGETS (PREDATORS) EITHER ON SCREEN IN BI60 OR ON DATA BY SELECTION.

STEP 6. EVALUATE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO BY TWO METHODS

SAMPLING ON THE SCREEN OF SV VALUES, OR BY PROGRAMME BY DETERMINING A PROPER CUTOFF ANGLE OF THETA

SORT THE DATA IN 0.5 DEGREE THETA CELLS

COMPUTE THEORETICAL NUMBER OF DETECTION, OR DISTRIBUTION ASSUMING RANDOM DETECTION IN THE BEAM.

SEE EXCEL AND SYSTAT FILES

MAKE PLOT OF OBSERVED AND EXPECTED DETECTIONS

HERE WE SEE THAT WE HAVE A NOT SUFFICIENT SNR IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE BEAM, AND THAT THE CUTOFF ANGLE SHOULD BE ABOUT 3 DEGREES.

SELECT THIS BY SORTING IN EXCEL OR BY SELECTION IN SYSTAT.

PLOT NEW
Data for the following results were selected according to: (THETA< 3)

STILL SOME LARGE TARGETS REMOVED

Data for the following results were selected according to:
(THETA< 3) AND (SIGMA< 0.01)

FINAL TS AND SIGMA CURVES

PLOT CONFIDENCE CURVES ON RINGS ?

STEP 7.

CALCULATE MEAN SIGMA AND CONVERT THE RESULT TO DECIBELS AND MEAN TS

STEP 8.

USE MEAN LENGTH AND MEAN TS TO COMPUTE THE B20

COMPUTE THE TARGET STRENGTH EQUATION

TS = 20LOGL - K

STEP 9.

ESTIMATE DEGREE OF RESOLUTION

SEE TS REPORT AND EXCEL SHEET WHERE THIS CALCULATION WERE MADE

STEP. 10

REPORT
CALIBRATION AND SETTINGS
REGISTRATION CONDITIONS AND MAP
OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
ECHOGRAM
TS MEASUREMENTS
CATCH DATA
ANALYSIS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CRITISISM TO OWN DATA
COMPARE WITH OTHER DATA
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

APPENDIX/ANNEXE G
Proposal meeting for the analysis of parallel survey results/Projet de réunion pour l'analyse des résultats de la campagne parallèle

A. Introduction

Dans la perspective de conduire ensemble les campagnes nationales dans la sous-région et suppléer éventuellement à l'absence du N/R DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN, des campagnes parallèles et intercalibrations sont nécessaires afin d'avoir les mêmes références et aboutir à des résultats comparables.

L'enquête parallèle effectuée en octobre–novembre 2004 permet de collecter individuellement les données brutes et de produire des estimations séparées de biomasse pour chaque zone considérée. Il est alors indispensable de pouvoir analyser ensemble ces résultats, expliquer certains écarts constatés, standardiser effectivement les méthodes de traitement. Cette standardisation permettra de produire dans le futur des rapports communs de campagnes (saisons froides et chaudes dans la sous-région).

B. Termes de références

• Analyser les données d'intercalibration entre navires nationaux et le N/R DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN.
• Analyser les résultats de biomasses entre navires nationaux et le N/R DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN.
• Revue des méthodes de traitement utilisées pour déterminer la biomasse et des paramètres fixés pour l'opération de scutinizing.
• Standardiser au maximum ces méthodes de traitement.
• Produire un rapport comparatif incluant les recommandations spécifiques à chaque navire pour aboutir dans le futur à des résultats comparables.

• Planifier la campagne de saison froide de février–mars–avril des navires nationaux.

C. Lieu:         (A confirmer)
                       INRH Casablanca, Maroc

D. Période et durée:
                       Du 10 au 20 janvier 2005

E. Participants:

• Cruise leader N/R DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN du Sénégal-Mauritanie
• Cruise leader N/R DR. FRIDTJOF NANSENau Maroc
• Cruise leader N/R ITAF DEME
• Cruise leader N/R AL-AWAM
• Cruise leader N/R AL AMIR MOULAY ABDALLAH

F. Coût estimatif : A finaliser