Annex 1: List of participants
Annex 2: Prospectus
Annex 3: Programme
Annex 4: List of documents
Annex 5: Welcome address by Torkul Kanchanalai, Vice Rector, Kasetsart University, Bangkok
AUJIMANGKUL, SANGTIEN
Department of Fisheries management
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-5797642
Fax.: (66) 2-5797642
E-mail: [email protected]
CHUENPAGDEE, RATANA
Lecturer
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
School of Marine Science
P.O. Box 1346
Route 1208 Great Road
Gloucester Point
Virginia 23062
USA
Tel.: (804) 6847335
Fax.: (804) 6847843
E-mail: [email protected]
DICKSON, JONATHAN O.
Chief, Capture Fisheries Division
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
860 Quezon Ave., Arcadia Bldg.
Quezon City 3008
Philippines
Tel.: (63) 2-3725051
Fax.: (63) 2-3725056
E-mail: [email protected]
DULYAPURK, VARUNTHAT
Department of Fisheries Management
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-5797642
Fax.: (66) 2-5797642
E-mail: [email protected]
EVANS, PATRICK T.
Chief Technical Adviser
GCP/CMB/008/BEL
P.O. Box 2
Siem Reap Province
Cambodia
Tel.: (855) 012-826125
Fax.: (855) 063-963525
E-mail: [email protected]
FUNGE-SMITH, SIMON
Aquaculture Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion
39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-6974149
Fax.: (66) 2-6974149
E-mail: [email protected]
HARTMANN, WOLF
Programme Coordinator
Management of Reservoir Fisheries in the Mekong Basin
II
Mekong River Commission
P.O. Box 7035
Vientiane
Lao PDR
Tel.: (856) 21-223436
Fax.: (856) 21-223610
E-mail: [email protected]
HISASHI, OGAWA
Room 314, Capital Mansion 1371
Phaholyothin Rd.
Bangkok
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-2797070
Fax.: -
E-mail: [email protected]
HONGSKUL, VERAVAT
Senior Fisheries Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion
39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-6974176
Fax: (66) 2-6974445
E-mail: [email protected]
JUNTARASHOTE, KUNGWAN
Director
Coastal Development Centre
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-5611947 ext.24
Fax.: (66) 2-9825815
E-mail: [email protected]
KAEWNERN, METHEE
Coastal Development Centre
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-5797642
Fax.: (66) 2-5797642
E-mail: [email protected]
U KHIN MAUNG AYE
Head of Fisheries Training Institute
Department of Fisheries
Sinmin Rd. Ahlone T/S
Yangon
Myanmar
Tel.: (95) 01-680745
Fax.: (95) 01-228258
E-mail: DOF@ mpt mail.net.mm
LONG, NGUYEN
Deputy Director
Research Institute for Marine Fisheries
Ministry of Fisheries
170 Le Lai Str.
Haiphong City
Viet Nam
Tel.: (84) 31-826046
Fax.: (84) 31-836812
E-mail: [email protected]
MARTOSUBROTO, PURWITO
Fisheries resources Officer
Marine Resources Service
Fisheries resources Division
Fisheries Department
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome
Italy
Tel.: (39) 06-57056469
Fax.: (39) 06-57053020
E-mail: [email protected]
MATHEW, SEBASTIAN
Executive Secretary
International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
(ICSF)
27 College Rd.
Chennai 600006
India
Tel.: (91) 44-8275303
Fax.: (91) 44-8254457
E-mail: [email protected]
METZNER, REBECCA
Fisheries Officer
Fisheries Policy and Planning Division
Fisheries Department
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome
Italy
Tel.: (39) 06-57056718
Fax.: (39) 06-57056500
E-mail: [email protected]
MOHD. TAUPEX B MOHD. NASIR
Head of Stock Assessment Unit
Marine Fisheries Research Development and Management
Department
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
21080 Chendering, Kuala Terengganu
Malaysia
Tel.: (60) 9-6174042
Fax.: (60) 9-6174042
E-mail: [email protected]
NIKIJULUW, VICTOR
Director of Coastal Society
Department of Fisheries & Marine Affairs
J. MT Haryono Kav. 52-53
Jakarta-12770
Indonesia
Tel.: (62) 21-79080303
Fax.: (62) 21-79080304
E-mail: [email protected]
PIMOLJINDA, JATE
Director
Andaman Sea Fisheries Development Centre
Department of Fisheries
77 Sakdidej Rd.
Muang District, Phuket Province
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 076-391140
Fax.: (66) 076-391139
E-mail: [email protected]
SANGCHAN, SUCHAT
Fisheries Biologist
Phang-Nga Marine Fisheries Station
Department of Fisheries
91 Petchkasem Rd.
Thaimuang District, Phong-Nga Province
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 076-412788
Fax.: (66) 076-412788
E-mail: -
SEILERT, HEIKO
Fisheries Consultant
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Maliwan Mansion
39 Phra Athit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-6974281
Fax.: (66) 2-6974445
E-mail: [email protected]
SUPONGPAN, MALA
Senior Fisheries Biologist
Bangkok Marine Fisheries Development Centre
49 Soi Wat Bangpeong
Prayaviriyaporn Road
Prapradaeng, Samut Prakarn Province
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-8167636 to 38
Fax.: (66) 2-8167634
E-mail: [email protected],
[email protected]
THUMMACHUA, SMITH
Fisheries Officer
Department of Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Jatujak, Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel.: -
Fax.: -
E-mail: [email protected]
TRISAK, JIRAPORN
Department of Fisheries management
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-5797642
Fax.: (66) 2-5797642
E-mail: [email protected]
TRY, ING
Deputy Director
Fisheries Department
Ministry of Agriculture Forestry & Fisheries
Department of Fisheries
186 Norodom Blvd
P.O.Box 582 Phnom Penh
Cambodia
Tel.: (855) 23-219256 H/P: (855)-(0) 11-957884
Fax.: (855) 23-427048
E-mail: [email protected]
VICHITLEKARN, SURIYAN
Information Officer
SEAFDEC Secretariat
Suraswadi Building, Kasetsart University Campus
P.O.Box 1046, Kasetsart Post Office
Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-9406326 to 9
Fax.: (66) 2-9406336
E-mail: [email protected]
WONGSANGA, POUCHAMARN
SEAFDEC Secretariat
Suraswadi Building, Kasetsart University Campus
P.O.Box 1046, Kasetsart Post Office
Bangkok 10903
Thailand
Tel.: (66) 2-9406326 to 9,
Fax.: (66) 2-9406336
E-mail: [email protected]
WIEDEMEYER, WINFRIED
Consultant in Coastal Resources Management and
Fisheries
ENRD, Office of the Governor
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
Tel.: (63) 35-4229273
Fax.: (63) 35-2251643
E-mail: [email protected]
SECRETARIAT
Coastal Development Centre
Faculty of Fisheries
Kasetsart University
Jatujak, Bangkok 10903
Thailand
KUNGWAN JUNTARASHOTE
Organizer and Liaison OfficerRATANA CHUENPAGDEE
FacilitatorHEIKO SEILERT
Technical CoordinatorPassara Rattanaphisit
Regional consultation on an interactive mechanisms for small-scale fisheries management
Background and rationale
The review of the state of world fisheries resources by FAO indicates that about 60 percent of all marine fish stocks are overfished or fished at their limits, described as maximum sustainable yields. Furthermore, FAO recognizes that fisheries data are weak, especially that for inland fisheries. These latter data most probably underestimate several-fold the importance of this sector to food security. Based on these facts, efficiently managed aquatic resources are seen as the only option to further improve fisheries production and to overcome the devastating impact, to the point of degradation, of the fast-developing fishing sector. The fisheries industry is literally able to catch the last fish and this potential is increased by the lack of appropriate legislative support and implementation of sustainable management practices. Only efficient fisheries management in marine as well as freshwater habitats will be able to provide future generations with a constant and sustainable supply of fish and fish products. This is addressed in the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries under Article 7 on fisheries management.
In the Asian region, which is responsible for roughly 50 percent of the global fish production, the measures described under Article 7 of the Code of Conduct are generally not accepted or implemented as imperative management tools for a sustainable fisheries management. The reasons for this are complex in nature. First, the Asian region has the highest aquatic biological diversity in the world, equally true for freshwater as well as marine habitats. This leads to a great variety of fishing techniques, described as multi-species and multi-gear fisheries. Second, fishing techniques and fisheries management are further diversified by a rich ethnic diversity, with very divergent cultural backgrounds, religious beliefs as well as very different social and political systems. Third, about 90 percent of the world’s 30 million fishermen work in Asia, roughly 80 percent of them as small-scale or artisanal fishermen, a growth of 240 percent since 1970. This data significantly underestimates the total number of people involved in part-time or full-time fisheries. Any fisheries management attempt has to consider the above points to avoid an unrealistic approach. In addition the rapidly increasing number of people involved in fisheries in Asia, the dependence on fisheries as last-resort employers and for food security, must urge fisheries managers to look at the socioeconomic side of fisheries, since millions are dependent on this sector.
In Article 7 of the FAO Code of Conduct, however, fisheries management measures almost exclusively focus on fish stocks for commercial fisheries requiring data to support management decisions based on the best scientific evidence. In most Asian fisheries, the resource diversity as well as the diverse fishing activities in combination with the large and increasing fisherfolk in both inland and coastal areas suggest a refocus. In addition, the lack of data concerning the entire small-scale fishing sector, depending on so-called subsistence fishing, municipal fisheries, family fisheries, etc, further hampers national management approaches and has led to a severe underestimation of the small-scale fishing sector, particularly in the coastal areas, which are responsible for 90 percent of the overall catch in marine habitats. Any management focusing solely on commercially important fish species (i.e. export, local luxury fish) would ignore the social and economical importance of small-scale fisheries and its impact on resource sustainability as well as environmental degradation.
A holistic management approach to address the needed management issues, with local management of coastal resources, has received increased attention in the last decade. The implementation of management schemes was attempted for whole coastal areas including onshore, inland and even upland activities that affect renewable resource management, i.e. resource management, coastal zone management, integrated coastal management, etc. Similar concepts have been developed to manage and enhance inland fisheries. However, most of these management concepts require input, commitment and activity from the local fishing communities, as well as knowledge and understanding of ecological interactions between aquatic resources and complex land-water interactions. The provision of such knowledge is the target of many ongoing national and regional consultations and programmes. Nonetheless, these concepts do not seem to highlight the required intersectoral approach and developmental linkages, to assure the sustainable use of the resources, whether for fisheries or for other human activities. Successful small-scale fisheries management should not confine itself to fishing alone; other factors influencing the socioeconomic development of the community must also be included. A multidisciplinary, intersectoral development approach is suggested as more effective to achieve fisheries management goals. Unfortunately, the lack of interactive decision-making mechanisms in most developing countries hampers this development. The question of how to reach and involve small-scale fisherfolk in fisheries management decisions is of utmost importance for community involvement in fisheries management.
Common to all current management approaches is the involvement of local fisherfolk as well as decision-makers at the lower level in the decision-making process. Considerable effort has gone into establishing co-management or community-based fisheries management schemes. However, in most countries the final decision is still made at the national level. Few success stories have been reported using the current strategy to date. Most of the consultations and programmes, whether government-funded or donor-driven, have failed to overcome a variety of constraints. These constraints and revisions to strategy are the focus for your input during this consultation.
The underlying concept behind this decentralized approach is the participatory approach - that local people directly involved in fishing activities would also be the best managers of their resources. Efforts have been made to capacitate local fisherfolk and to mobilize fishing communities. In many cases, however, the fact that the fishermen are already best adapted to the given social, economic, environmental and legal framework in which they earn their living has been ignored. Understandably, their focus lies on earning a living and not on managing the resources. Economic pressures and other constraints on most small-scale fisherfolk in Asia do not allow them to think in the long term or for future generations. For example, dependence on middlemen has increased the competition among small-scale fisherfolk and has led to the use of destructive fishing practices and to migration into neighbouring fishing areas, further accelerating the destruction of fishing grounds. In most cases the fishermen are well aware of the destructive character of their fishing activities, but they do not see or are not enabled to see other ways to earn a living in fisheries. Therefore, it is suggested that the training of local fisherfolk needs to be augmented with interagency and higher level linkages to succeed in the establishment of local fisheries management schemes.
Any attempt to localize fisheries management needs careful analysis of all constraints that have, until now, prevented the implementation of sustainable fishing activities. Such analysis has to include, inter alia, the dependence on middlemen, the proposed functions of local government offices and line agencies and their actual role in small-scale fisheries, the status of the resources, the environmental status, the mentality of the fisherfolk, their religion, social status and educational background. With all this in mind, a closer look is needed to identify the economical, social, legal and institutional requirements for an appropriate implementation of a community-based fisheries management. Such analysis shall lead to an appropriate implementation plan to overcome observed constraints. Furthermore, the legislative, technical and coordinating support from district-, provincial- and national-level government agencies need to be factored into the exercise for it to gain acceptance and commitment for the project. Failure to address these linkages has often resulted in non-support of the project at the national level and its neglect once donor funding came to an end.
Decentralized fisheries management has not only far-reaching consequences for the local fisherfolk: for national government agencies this means a loss of authority and responsibility; for the local communities, people’s organizations of the civil society, as well as for local government units, it means much increased responsibilities and obligations that go beyond short-term initial benefits. Part of this consultation shall be devoted to the identification of these responsibilities and obligations and of ways and means to most efficiently involve communities, local fisheries offices and other government agencies in such management approaches. Furthermore, decentralization alone does not solve any fisheries-related problem; it only transfers large parts of the responsibilities and problems to local communities. In many cases, unfortunately, this is done without appropriate training and preparation of the communities and, sometimes, not even with an appropriate legal framework. The participants in this consultation are encouraged to discuss and develop practical interactive mechanisms to enable the local communities to identify problems in fisheries, to enforce community-based decisions and to link them with the responsibilities and obligations that are still in the hands of the local fisheries offices of the governments and under national coordination.
Objectives
A consultation composed of experts from governments, development agencies, donors and selected NGOs, experienced in implementing small-scale fisheries management, will be asked to provide their views and share experiences. These experts will discuss the constraints in decentralized management and possible ways to solve resulting problems.
To achieve this, the participants would be specifically asked to discuss the following issues:
1. How best to address small-scale fisherfolk or fishing communities;2. To identify responsibilities and obligations in decentralized small-scale fisheries management;
3. To identify the constraints in implementing local fisheries management and to group these in categories such as social, economic, environmental, legal constraints, interagency liaison;
4. To develop practical solutions for the different groups of constraints to assure environmentally sustainable, economically feasible and socially sound decentralized management decisions; and
5. To link these findings in a holistic scenario of interactive mechanisms for the implementation of decentralized small-scale fisheries management schemes.
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Sunday 25 November 2001 |
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Arrival of the participants |
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Day 1: Monday 26 November 2001 |
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08:00 |
Registration |
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09:00 |
Welcome address by Torkul Kanchanalai, Vice Rector, Kasetsart
University |
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Opening address by Veravat Hongskul, Senior Fisheries Officer,
FAO |
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Introduction of the participants |
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9:30 |
Presentation of regional papers |
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Purwito Martosubroto: Towards strengthening coastal
fisheries management in South and Southeast Asia |
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Rebecca Metzner: Ecosystem-based management and
small-scale fisheries |
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Heiko Seilert: Regional synthesis of the current status
of small-scale fisheries management in Asia |
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10:15 |
Coffee break - Group photo |
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10:45 |
Presentation of country papers |
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Ing Try: Small-scale fisheries management in
Cambodia |
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Sebastian Mathew: Managing small-scale fisheries in
India: need for a paradigm shift |
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Victor P. H. Nikijuluw: Small-scale fisheries
management in Indonesia |
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Mohd Taupek Mohd Nasir: Co-management of small-scale
fisheries in Malaysia |
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Khin Maung Aye: Small-scale fisheries in
Myanmar |
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Jonathan O. Dickson: Current status of small-scale
fisheries in the Philippines |
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Jate Pimoljinda: Small-scale fisheries management in
Thailand |
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Nguyen Long: Small-scale fisheries management in Viet
Nam |
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Presentation of experience papers |
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Wolf D. Hartmann: Interactive mechanisms in the
management of reservoir fisheries in the Mekong Basin: the MRF II
experience |
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Patrick Evans: Community fisheries development on the
Tonle Sap in Cambodia |
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Winfried Wiedemeyer: Small-scale fisheries management
by Philippine line agencies and local government units: status and suggestions
for improvement |
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12:45 |
Lunch |
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14:15 |
Working Session I |
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Identification of steps in decentralizing small-scale
fisheries management |
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16:00 |
Coffee break |
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16:30 |
Working Session II |
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Identification of areas/sectors and responsibilities involved
in decentralized small-scale fisheries management |
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18:30 |
Dinner hosted by FAO |
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Day 2: Tuesday 27 November 2001 |
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09:00 |
Presentation of the findings of Day 1 |
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09:15 |
Working Session III - Part One |
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Identification of constraints in implementing decentralized
small-scale fisheries management |
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12:30 |
Lunch break |
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14:00 |
Working Session III - Part Two |
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Identification of mechanisms or solutions to overcome the
constraints in implementing decentralized small-scale fisheries
management |
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Day 3: Wednesday 28 November 2001 |
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09:00 |
Presentation of the findings of Day 2 |
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09:15 |
Working Session IV |
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Development of an interactive plan for the implementation of
small-scale fisheries management |
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12:30 |
Lunch break |
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14:00 |
Continuation of Session IV |
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15:30 |
Coffee break |
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16:00 |
Working Session V |
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Development of the monitoring and evaluation
framework |
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16.30 |
Dinner hosted by the Coastal Development Centre |
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Day 4: Thursday 29 November 2001 |
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09:00 |
Presentation of the draft interactive plan and
discussion |
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10:30 |
Coffee break |
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11:00 |
Discussion of the draft plan (continued) |
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12:30 |
Lunch break |
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14:00 |
Conclusion and recommendations |
Regional papers
Purwito Martosubroto: Towards strengthening coastal fisheries management in South and Southeast Asia
Rebecca Metzner: Ecosystem-based management and small-scale fisheries
Heiko Seilert: Regional synthesis of the current status of small-scale fisheries management in Asia
Country papers
Ing Try, Sao Vansereyvuth and Thay Somony: Small-scale fisheries management in Cambodia
Sebastian Mathew: Managing small-scale fisheries in India: need for a paradigm shift
Victor P. H. Nikijuluw: Small-scale fisheries management in Indonesia
Mohd Taupek Mohd Nasir: Co-management of small-scale fisheries in Malaysia
Hla Win and Khin Maung Aye: Small-scale fisheries in Myanmar
Jonathan O Dickson: Current status of small-scale fisheries in the Philippines
Jate Pimoljinda: Small-scale fisheries management in Thailand
Nguyen Long: Small-scale fisheries management in Viet Nam
Experience papers
Wolf D. Hartmann: Interactive mechanisms in the management of reservoir fisheries in the Mekong Basin: the MRF II experience
Patrick Evans: Community fisheries development on the Tonle Sap in Cambodia
Winfried Wiedemeyer: Small-scale fisheries management by Philippine line agencies and local government units: status and suggestions for improvement
Information papers
Ratana Chuenpagdee: Involving fisherfolk and their knowledge in small-scale fisheries co-management
FAO: Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, Article 7: fisheries management
HVC Fernando: Sri Lankan experiences on small-scale fisheries management initiatives
Sebastian Mathew: Small-scale fisheries perspectives on an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management
Jiraporn Trisak: An investigation of the influence of growth and initial stock size characteristics on cooperation in fisheries co-management
Fikret Berkes, Robin Mahon, Patrick McConney, Richard Pollnac and Robert Pomeroy (2001): Managing Small-Scale Fisheries: Alternative Directions and Methods, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, 308 pp. Excerpts from page 86-90 and 193-254
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.
It is my great pleasure and a true honour to welcome you to the FAO/CDC Regional Consultation on Interactive Mechanisms for Small-Scale Fisheries management. Many of you have been here since last week at the ASEAN-SEAFDEC conference, and some of you just arrived yesterday. On behalf of the Coastal Development Centre of Kasetsart University, the co-host of this workshop, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to you all.
This meeting marks two very important occasions. First, as we all know, the importance of small-scale fisheries in the region cannot be overemphasized. It is thus imperative that we develop a holistic and effective management framework, as well as a practical and interactive plan for successful implementation to manage the small-scale fisheries. Needless to say, this is a very challenging task, but I trust that through this workshop, you will be able to work together to achieve this ambitious goal, using your vast experience and knowledge.
This meeting is the first collaboration between the FAO Regional Office and the Coastal Development Centre (or CDC) of Kasetsart University. While FAO has long established its superb reputation as a leading organization in the management of fisheries, CDC is a young institute, aspiring to work collaboratively with scientists, decision-makers, resource users and other interest groups in the region to address emerging problems in our coastal areas, using integrated approaches. It is therefore very encouraging to see such collaboration and I hope that this will lead naturally to future collaborative endeavours.
Please accept again my hearty welcome. I wish you a great success in this consultation and I hope as well that you will enjoy your stay in Thailand.
Thank you.
