Sea cucumber culture: potential and prospects

Table 1. Indonesian production of sea cucumber and export volume during 1980–1985 period.

Year	Landing mt	Export volume mt
1980	232	281
1981	287	545
1982	275	623
1983	232	1 274
1984	456	1 318
1985	351	3 123

Source : Directorate General of Fisheries, 1987a.

Table 2. Target of sea cucumber production and export volume planned under the REPELITA V.

Year	Production mt	Export volume mt
1989	14 335	4 300
1990	16 000	4 800
1991	17 655	5 300
1992	19 335	5 800
1993	21 000	6 300

Source : Directorate General of Fisheries, 1987b.

Table 3. Potential area suitable for sea cucumber culture development

Province	Area (ha)
Lampung	200
East java	200
West Nusatenggara	200
North Sulawesi	500
Central Sulawesi	300
Southeast Sulawesi	500
Maluku	500
Irian jaya	100
Total	2 500

Table 4. Area planned for sea cucumber culture development during 1989–1993 period.

Province	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993
Lampung	5	5	10	10	15
East java	0	0	5	10	10
West Nusatenggara	0	5	5	10	10
North Sulawesi	10	15	20	25	30
Central Sulawesi	5	5	10	15	15
Southeast Sulawesi	10	10	15	15	20
Maluku	10	15	20	20	20
Irian jaya	0	0	5	5	10
Total	40	55	90	110	130

Table 5. Hong Kong imports of beche-de-mer during 1981–1985.

mt
Country	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985
Indonesia	192	394	837	1 060	2 439
Philippines	391	287	918	1 370	2 954
Japan	26	30	48	18	21
Korea, DPR	33	39	37	31	26
Singapore	58	56	52	78	308
India	0	16	280	0	0
Africa	159	190	145	151	227
Oceania	402	53	59	140	99

Total	1 055	1 124	2 125	2 905	6 209

Source : Van Eys, 1986

Africa¹ : South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar
Oceania² : U.S Oceania, Oceania Nes, Australia, Tonga, Fiji, Fiji, Papua New Guinea

Table 6. Hong Kong re-export of beche-de-mer during 1981–1985, by countries of destination.

kg
Country	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985
USA	36 907	40 685	53 729	59 734	38 242
Canada	3 652	4 882	8 302	5 051	9 802
Europe	1 329	2 388	1 282	2 542	2 412
Taiwan	194 864	293 348	266 881	180 747	279 782
Rep of Korea	166 902	165 301	146 911	387 385	24 130
China	59 438	200 262	1 002 855	1 641 813	4 431 306
Singapore	178 367	122 892	138 225	103 732	92 086
Australia	3 078	3 211	3 278	3 643	4 355

Total	690 785	872 481	1 637 917	2 404 557	5 007 752

Source : Van Eys, 1986

Table 7. Singapore imports of beche-de-mer during 1980–1984.

Mt
Country	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984
Philippines	69	95	74	98	145
Hong Kong	15	5	57	50	27
India	63	87	96	95	59
Kenya	0	15	22	50	65
Mozambique	0	8	48	22	21
New Caledonia	0	0	0	0	67
Sabah	164	88	83	77	64
Sri Lanka	97	81	67	52	36
Tanzania	33	36	20	43	66
Other countries¹	26	31	39	46	40

Total	467	446	506	533	590

Source : Van Eys, 1986

Other countries ¹ PR China, Japan, West Malaysia, P.N Guinea

Table 8. Singapore re-export of beche-de-mer during 1980–1984.

mt
Country	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984
Hong Kong	22	42	49	51	78
Rep of Korea	62	0	0	14	5
Malaysia	337	431	311	515	583
Sabah	18	18	17	18	15
Taiwan	45	130	96	110	66
Thailand	0	0	0	44	22
Other countries	5	7	12	6	10

Total	489	630	485	758	799

Table 9. Hong Kong imported price of beche-de-mer during 1981–1985.

HK$/kg ¹
Country	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985
Indonesia	14.37	13.36	14.01	12.22	9.74
Philippines	14.66	13.36	14.01	12.22	10.33
Japan	124.50	165.44	242.40	269.91	299.10
Korea, DPR	76.78	80.38	87.65	112.73	147.84
Sri Lanka	50.87	63.31	45.86	0	105.33
Singapore	31.27	31.06	35.83	60.50	35.45
India	0	2.58	87.50	0	0
Africa ²	24.75	28.83	31.49	32.25	29.34
Oceania ³	44.76	30.16	31.29	50.18	32.58

Source : Van Eys, 1986
¹ HK$ = Rp 216
² Africa : South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar
³ Oceania : U.S Oceania, Oceania Nes, Australia, Tonga, Fiji, Fiji,Papua New Guinea

Table 10. Percentage loss of weight and moisture of sea cucumber during drying.

Hours of drying	% of initial weight	% moisture content
00.00	100	68
5.00	86	64
18.30	69	58
28.30	55	52
42.30	51	50
52.30	46	39
66.00	45	-
76.30	42	27
90.00	42	19
100.00	41	18
114.00	40	17

Source : Din, 1986.

Fig. 1

Fig. 1 Sand sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra

Fig. 2

Fig. 2 Enclosure used in sea cucumber culture in Sopura bay, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi.

BackCover