| Make the people aware of the gravity of the problem of erosion and of the threat it represents for their future, by providing continuous information and concrete examples. |
| Show the relationship between: drop in yields, impoverishment and unplanned systems of cultivation which lead to erosion, and land degradation. |
| Begin motivation well before the planning stage of the programme. |
| To obtain a change of attitude and habit on the part of the people, the methods of approach used are of paramount importance. |
| The aim of all the disciplines involved in development is to motivate and encourage the rural people to participate. |
| Encourage the people concerned to participate in the planning of the programme, in identifying the objectives and in choosing the measures to be taken. |
| Measures, and in particular, the initial ones, must be successful and must have a clearly positive and rapid effect on yields. |
| Upland watershed management concerns the whole of the local community. Only communities which are united, well-structured and well-organized make useful partners for management authorities. |
| It is preferable to use existing structures and make them more dynamic. |
| Do not make the mistake of wanting to proceed too quickly; it takes time to change the mentality and attitude of the people. |
| The role of the administration must be one of "animation", technical and financial assistance rather than implementation resulting in their replacing the farmers. |
| Valid data (technical and socio-economic must be available, on the one hand for planning purposes and on the other, to allow continuous assessment to be made. |
| Priority must be given to less costly biological measures rather than to mechanical operations which require considerable resources. |
| Identify and eliminate the obstacles. |
| The decision to transfer population should be taken only as a last resort, when anthropic pressure is too strong and after consideration of the production potential of the renewable natural resources of the area; every effort must be made; diversification of agricultural production, development of processing industries for agricultural, forestry and livestock produce; non-agricultural economic activities must be encouraged. |
| Adequate legislation, which encourages rather than discourages participation is required. No coercive methods must be used, but responsibility must be transferred to the local people. |
| Increased income (economic objectives) must precede or go hand in hand with the improvement in standards of living (social objectives). |
| Monopolization of benefits by certain socio-economic groups or certain individuals must be prevented and the basic needs of the more deprived groups must be taken into account. |
| Upland watershed management programmes are in the national interest; this is why financing must be provided by the State. |
| It goes without saying that costs incurred in the provision of services, promotion of institutions, programmes for women and young people, training centres, schools, dispensaries, etc., must be considered as programme contributions in the same capacity as expenditure for technical operations. |
| Costs must be distributed equitably: upstream/downstream and local people/government. |
| The use of incentives is often essential to obtain participation. No "gifts" must be given, but compensation, encouragement and efficient supervision must be provided. |
| One of the most effective incentives is access to goods and services. |
| The programmes must generate permanent and remunerative jobs for the members of the community. |
| The role of the field staff is important - not only must they be technically competent, but must show human qualities in dealing with the community. |
| In the development programme teams, equal importance must be given to specialists in socio-economic matters (sociology, community development, extension, rural institutions, economy) and to specialists in the technical fields. |
| Research into methods to encourage participation must be pursued. |
