Table 1: Land use in the Anzali Lagoon watershed. Data from YEKOM (1990)
Land use | Area, ha | Percentage |
Barren land | 4 000 | 1.0 |
Rangeland | 36 300 | 9.7 |
Forests | 161 920 | 43.2 |
Ricefields | 92 550 | 24.7 |
Other agriculture | 31 900 | 8.5 |
Total agriculture | 124 450 | 33.2 |
Settlements | 2 600 | 0.6 |
Anzali Lagoon | 21 800 | 5.8 |
Reservoirs | 10 000 | 2.6 |
Fishponds | 1 100 | 0.2 |
Total water | 32 900 | 8.7 |
Other land use | 11 830 | 3.1 |
Total watershed | 374 000 | 100.0 |
Table 2: Monthly and annual average rates of precipitation, evaporation, runoff and discharge for the Anzali Lagoon watershed based on records taken between 1964 and 1984. Data from YEKOM (1990).
Months (mm) | Precipitation (mm) | Evaporation (mm) | Runoff 106m3 | Discharge |
January | 115.4 | 30.7 | 42.2 | 158.1 |
February | 107.0 | 34.7 | 54.1 | 168.7 |
March | 104.6 | 76.3 | 56.1 | 210.1 |
April | 68.1 | 91.9 | 64.4 | 241.2 |
May | 71.3 | 135.3 | 43.5 | 162.7 |
June | 54.7 | 173.0 | 26.7 | 100.2 |
July | 51.3 | 152.4 | 21.0 | 78.9 |
August | 81.0 | 107.4 | 23.6 | 88.6 |
September | 150.0 | 63.5 | 42.5 | 159.0 |
October | 184.9 | 40.3 | 52.5 | 196.4 |
November | 161.9 | 36.6 | 75.8 | 283.6 |
December | 129.5 | 34.0 | 55.9 | 209.3 |
Annual | 1279.0 | 976.0 | 549.3 | 2056.0 |
Table 3: Monthly average concentrations (mg dm3) of the total suspended solids in rivers entering the Anzali Lagoon, mg dm-3.
Rivers | 1990 | 1991 | |||||||||
M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | J | F | M | |
Pirbazar | 233 | 330 | 393 | 581 | 4 | 600 | - | 153 | 70 | 13 | 316 |
Pasikhan | 205 | 38 | 275 | 630 | 46 | 639 | - | 88 | 89 | 18 | 316 |
Shakhraz | 206 | 265 | 117 | 598 | 46 | 408 | - | 137 | 34 | 18 | 278 |
Gazrudbar | 173 | 114 | 77 | 230 | 21 | 272 | 47 | 75 | 13 | 26 | 55 |
Massuleh | 139 | 219 | 90 | 151 | 44 | 447 | 22 | 57 | 34 | 48 | 63 |
Palanghvar | 135 | 232 | 87 | 302 | 15 | 79 | 23 | 22 | 41 | 39 | 85 |
Abatar | 165 | 243 | 138 | 292 | 39 | 339 | 39 | 45 | 17 | 12 | 61 |
Khalkai | 197 | 309 | 70 | 218 | 35 | 292 | - | 77 | 5 | 9 | 51 |
Morghak | 269 | 308 | 87 | 136 | 21 | 440 | - | 132 | 2 | 49 | 171 |
Bahambar | 142 | 325 | 115 | 254 | 10 | 103 | - | 37 | 1 | 8 | 56 |
Shafrud | 216 | 324 | 25 | 231 | 21 | 398 | - | 33 | 1 | 9 | 66 |
Rogas | 236 | 148 | 107 | 135 | 126 | 148 | 247 | 195 | 203 | 118 | 126 |
Harbour | 177 | 116 | 107 | 121 | 115 | 195 | 269 | 211 | 328 | 151 | 153 |
Table 4: A suspended sediment transport to Anzali Lagoon in 1990–91.
Rivers | TSS annual average mg dm-3 | Annual water discharge 106m3 | Annual suspended sediment load, t |
Pirbazar | 269 | 291 | 78279 |
Pasikhan | 234 | 630 | 147420 |
Shakhraz | 210 | 200 | 39900 |
Gazrudbar | 100 | 180 | 23919 |
Massuleh | 119 | 201 | 25308 |
Palanghvar | 96 | 128 | 16758 |
Abatar | 126 | 100 | 17227 |
Khalkai | 126 | 133 | 7035 |
Morghak | 161 | 107 | 8580 |
Bahambar | 105 | 67 | 4464 |
Shafrud | 132 | 65 | 17712 |
Total river TSS | 152 | 2102 | 386602 |
Rogas TSS | 162 | 340524 |
Table 5: Dissolved oxygen concentrations in Anzali Lagoon, its tributaries and outflows, 1990–91.
Ecosystems | average | minimum | maximum |
Rivers | 9.1 | 6.5 | 13.0 |
Pirbazar River | 4.3 | 0.9 | 9.0 |
Rogas | 5.7 | 1.7 | 11.0 |
Main outlet (harbour) | 7.0 | 3.9 | 11.0 |
Sheyjan | 5.2 | 0.1 | 23.0 |
Shiakishim | 5.8 | 1.7 | 10.0 |
Abkanar | 8.4 | 3.4 | 12.5 |
Table 6: Redox (mV) condition at the sediment-water interface in the Anzali Lagoon (1990–91).
Sediment depth (cm) | Connecting canals | Collecting canals | Open water | Submerged macrophytes | Floating macrophytes | Emergent macrophytes |
0 | 142 | 152 | 98 | 64 | 0 | 112 |
1 | 140 | 140 | 70 | -69 | -6 | 70 |
2 | 86 | 30 | 57 | -54 | -12 | 45 |
3 | 78 | -49 | 35 | -32 | -12 | 25 |
4 | -18 | -75 | 10 | -40 | -44 | -45 |
5 | -20 | -72 | 8 | -52 | -11 | -110 |
10 | -78 | -66 | -1 | -38 | -42 | -110 |
15 | -26 | -54 | -40 | -143 | -57 | -125 |
20 | -102 | -60 | -38 | -148 | -102 | -120 |
25 | -95 | -62 | -59 | -171 | -120 | -120 |
Table 7: pH in Anzali Lagoon, its tributaries and outflows (1990–91).
Ecosystems | average | minimum | maximum |
Rivers | 7.6 | 7.1 | 8.6 |
Pirbazar River | 6.9 | 6.2 | 7.8 |
Rogas | 7.7 | 6.5 | 8.1 |
Main outlet (harbour) | 8.1 | 7.6 | 8.3 |
Sheyjan | 8.3 | 7.1 | 9.8 |
Shiakishim | 8.2 | 6.8 | 9.2 |
Abkanar | 8.4 | 8.0 | 9.7 |
Table 8 : Nitrate concentrations (μg l-1) in Anzali Lagoon, its tributaries and outflows. (Monthly averages given for 1990–91).
Ecosystems | 1990 | 1991 | ||||||||||||
J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | J | F | |
Pirbazar | ||||||||||||||
Pasikhan | ||||||||||||||
Rivers | 455 | 24 | 45 | 64 | 27 | 39 | 73 | 986 | 600 | 399 | 414 | 896 | 1593 | 1240 |
Rogas | 197 | 14 | 27 | 25 | 14 | 19 | 35 | 480 | 435 | 239 | 226 | 684 | 1210 | 800 |
Outlet (harbour) | 45 | 17 | 20 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 49 | 24 | 248 | 203 | 546 | 1620 | 133 |
Shiakishim Basin | 3 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 27 | 101 | 213 | 146 | 531 | 1020 | 70 |
Western Basin | 3 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 110 | 188 | 367 | 186 | 591 | 1394 | 87 |
Table 9: Number of workers in agriculture and industry in the
Anzali Lagoon watershed.
Data from YEKOM (1990).
Groups | Number | Percentage |
Agriculture | 130 156 | 47.5 |
Industry | 28 765 | 10.5 |
Other fields | 114 690 | 42.0 |
Total workers | 273 611 | 100.0 |
Total population | 920 651 | - |
Table 10: Number of factories and amount of investment in industries in the Anzali Lagoon watershed, 1989. Data from YEKOM (1990).
Industries | Number of Factories | Investment 106 Rials |
Textile | 53 | 17 152 |
Electronic goods | 7 | 7 575 |
Chemical | 40 | 5 143 |
Fibre | 152 | 2 760 |
Building material | 76 | 2 408 |
Metal goods | 47 | 1 175 |
Total | 375 | 36 213 |
Table 11: Size of factories (based on number of workers) in the Anzali Lagoon watershed. Data from YEKOM (1990).
Industries | Number of workers in industrial units | Total | ||||||
≤10 | ≤20 | ≤50 | ≤100 | ≤500 | ≤1000 | ≥1000 | ||
Textile | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | 20 | 11 | 3 | 41 |
Chemical | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 10 | - | - | 28 |
Food | 17 | 2 | 7 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 50 |
Metal goods | 10 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 10 | - | 8 | 42 |
Wood | 18 | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 2 | 27 |
Building material | 14 | - | 5 | - | 9 | 5 | - | 33 |
Total | 67 | 16 | 25 | 25 | 55 | 18 | 15 | 221 |
Table 12: Heavy metal concentrations in domestic, agricultural and industrial sewage effluents (ppm). Data from YEKOM (1990).
Heavy metal | Domestic sewage | Slaughterhouse sewage | Liquid manure sewage | Electrical industrial sewage |
Fe | 3.12±0.46 | 4.92±2.80 | 1.34±0.38 | 3.96±2.40 |
Zn | 0.18±0.18 | 0.85±0.74 | 0.13±0.10 | 0.38±0.05 |
Pb | 0.09±0.03 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.04±0.01 | 0.15±0.17 |
Cr | 0.03±0.02 | 0.08±0.06 | 0.01±0.01 | 1.37±1.88 |
Cu | 0.32±0.30 | 0.11±0.03 | 0.11±0.15 | 0.37±0.49 |
Ni | 0.06±0.03 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.03±0.01 | 0.19±0.21 |
Mn | 1.07±0.19 | 0.92±0.24 | 0.41±0.22 | 0.31±0.19 |
Table 13: Annual average of heavy metal concentrations (ppm) in the
Pirbazar River
Data from YEKOM (1990).
Heavy metal | Solid waste area | Entering city | Below industrial waste effluent | Below slaughterhouse effluent | Below domestic sewage effluent |
Fe | 1.020±0.130 | 2.060±1.320 | 2.50±1.50 | 2.21±1.30 | 2.60±1.900 |
Zn | 0.070±0.020 | 0.110±0.130 | 0.12±0.05 | 0.09±2.20 | 0.80±0.050 |
Pb | 0.010±0.009 | 0.040±0.006 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.04±0.01 | 0.07±0.050 |
Cr | 0.004±0.003 | 0.004±0.004 | 0.05±0.02 | 0.02±0.03 | 0.03±0.020 |
Cu | 0.010±0.005 | 0.020±0.008 | 0.32±0.27 | 0.27±0.04 | 0.03±0.006 |
Ni | 0.006±0.001 | 0.020±0.009 | 0.18±0.23 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.01±0.009 |
Mn | 0.070±0.020 | 0.260±0.100 | 0.32±0.14 | 0.14±0.25 | 0.30±0.170 |
Table 14: Pesticide application on Anzali Lagoon watershed,
(kg y-1). Data from YEKOM (1990).
Subregion area (ha) | Insecticide | Herbicide | Fungicide | Total pesticides |
Adjacent to Lagoon (51 750) | 38 201 | 24 462 | - | 62 663 |
Area from-20 to +100 m above sea level (154 500) | 145 748 | 93 220 | 2 595 | 241 563 |
Foothills (167 750) | 15 939 | 697 | 139 | 16 775 |
Total watershed (37 400) | 199 888 | 118 379 | 2 734 | 321 001 |
Application rate kg ha-1y-1 calculated for agricultural area | 1.6 | 0.95 | 0.022 | 2.579 |
Type and percentage of pesticide applied | diazinon 90 % | paraquat 50 % glyphosite 50 % | benomile 80 % |
Table 15: NH4-N concentrations (μg l-1) in the hyporheic region of
11 rivers discharging into the Anzali Lagoon
(in bracket concentrations in river water) in 1990–91.
Rivers | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct | ||||
Pirbazar | 1 020 | (1 440) | 660 | (650) | 1 050 | (930) | 2 760 | (4 820) | - |
Pasikhan | 660 | (120) | 20 | (90) | 150 | (140) | 400 | (340) | - |
Shakhraz | 1 210 | (150) | 810 | (90) | 1 520 | (30) | 1 550 | (380) | - |
Gazrudbar | 490 | (250) | 250 | (0) | 20 | (-) | 225 | (253) | 590 |
Massuleh | 140 | (200) | 130 | (0) | 50 | (-) | 1 171 | (188) | 630 |
Palanghvar | 0 | (300) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (-) | 101 | (106) | 140 |
Abatar | 20 | (280) | 140 | (0) | 0 | (-) | 78 | (195) | 80 |
Khalkai | 360 | (170) | - | (50) | - | (-) | 1 710 | (490) | 937 |
Morghak | 480 | (280) | - | (60) | - | (-) | 180 | (500) | 206 |
Bahambar | 30 | (250) | - | (60) | - | (-) | 250 | (440) | 44 |
Shafrud | 0 | (300) | - | (70) | - | (-) | 210 | (640) | 126 |
Average | 400 | (340) | 287 | (97) | 398 | (366) | 786 | (759) | 344 |
Table 16: NO3-N concentrations (μg l-1) in the hyporheic region of 11 rivers discharging into the Anzali Lagoon (in bracket concentrations in river water) in 1990–91.
Rivers | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | ||||
Pirbazar | 2 440 | (584) | 1 398 | (151) | 1 090 | (300) | 570 | (100) | - |
Pasikhan | 220 | (86) | 80 | (302) | 70 | (50) | 75 | (520) | - |
Shakhraz | 10 | (77) | 22 | (327) | 20 | (140) | 86 | (756) | - |
Gazrudbar | 1 781 | (1 009) | 940 | (70) | 3 777 | (-) | 1 228 | (744) | 130 |
Massuleh | 423 | (350) | 620 | (120) | 247 | (-) | 253 | (1 151) | 350 |
Palanghvar | 3 874 | (462) | 250 | (200) | 3 901 | (-) | 2 420 | (900) | 2 500 |
Abatar | 1 774 | (584) | 470 | (300) | 448 | (-) | 300 | (216) | 1 600 |
Khalkai | 342 | (195) | - | (90) | - | (-) | 200 | (430) | 675 |
Morghak | 2 626 | (65) | - | (105) | - | (-) | 2 250 | (320) | 3 620 |
Bahambar | 402 | (117) | - | (127) | - | (-) | 160 | (260) | 473 |
Shafrud | 90 | (105) | - | (190) | - | (-) | 380 | (210) | 2 769 |
Average | 1 271 | (330) | 540 | (180) | 1 364 | (163) | 720 | (509) | 1 514 |
Table 17: NH4-N, NO3-N and total inorganic nitrogen concentrations (μg l-1) in rainwater collected at the Meteorological Station in Bandar Anzali.
Date | NH4-N | NO3-N | Total inorganic-N |
17.04.91 | 431 | 1 120 | 1 551 |
09.07.91 | 310 | 953 | 1 263 |
10.07.91 | 900 | 891 | 1 791 |
13.07.91 | 330 | 563 | 893 |
10.09.91 | 5 550 | 278 | 5 828 |
25.09.91 | 380 | 273 | 653 |
Table 18: Organic C released by livestock in the Anzali Lagoon watershed. Compiled from data by YEKOM (1990).
Livestock | Number | Organic C, t yr-1 |
Cattle | 269 319 | 245 618 |
Buffalo | 14 597 | 12 538 |
Sheep | 232 647 | 30 709 |
Goat | 59 286 | 7 114 |
Total | 575 849 | 295 981 |
Table 19: Organic C released by the human population in the Anzali
Lagoon Watershed.
Compiled from data by YEKOM (1990).
District | Number | Organic C, t yr-1 |
Bandar Anzali | 112 060 | 6 723 |
Somesara | 132 226 | 7 933 |
Fuman | 174 266 | 10 456 |
Rasht | 447 570 | 26 854 |
Tavalesh | 52 303 | 3 138 |
Rudbar | 2 226 | 133 |
Total | 920 651 | 55 237 |
Table 20: Monthly averages of all river and outlet organic carbon concentrations, river discharge and organic carbon released into the sea in 1990–91.
Parameters | 1990 | 1991 | |||||||||||
M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | J | F | M | A | X | |
River C mg dm-3 | 7 | 34 | 30 | 20 | 11 | 5 | 12 | 17 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 14.8 |
River discharge m3106 | 162 | 100 | 78 | 88 | 159 | 196 | 283 | 209 | 158 | 168 | 210 | 241 | 2052 |
River C load, t | 1134 | 3400 | 2340 | 1760 | 1749 | 980 | 3396 | 3553 | 2370 | 1344 | 2100 | 1928 | 26054 |
Outlet C mg dm-3 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 20 | 16 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 16.3 |
C load to sea, t | 2652 | 1280 | 736 | 870 | 2044 | 3788 | 4500 | 2962 | 2636 | 2538 | 3336 | 3152 | 30494 |
Table 21: List of fish species for the Anzali Lagoon and its watershed for the period 1785–1971. Compiled from papers by Gmelin (1785), Mel'gunov (1836), Derzhavin (1934), Kozhin (1957), Hydrorybproject (1965) and RaLonde and Walczak (1970). Arrangement of families in this and also in next table follows Nelson (1984). Species are listed alphabetically under each family. 1- Siazan and Khalikei in the Derzhavin's transcription; 2 - found as food items of Silurusglanis in the Anzali Lagoon by Derzhavin in 1916, and mentioned in his paper under their vernacular names beloglazka and bychok-tsutsik respectively.
FAMILY | Locality | |
Species | ||
CLUPEIDAE | ||
1. Alosa caspia knipovitschi Il'in, 1927 | Anzali Lagoon | |
CYPRINIDAE | ||
2. Abramis bjoerkna transcaucasica (Berg, 1916) | Siahdarvishan, Khalkai1) | |
3. Abramis brama orientalis Berg, 1949 | Anzali Lagoon | |
4. Abramis sapa bergi Belyaev, 1929 | Anzali Lagoon 2) | |
5. Aspius aspius taeniatus Eichwald, 1831 | Anzali Lagoon | |
6. Barbus brachycephalus caspius Berg, 1914 | Anzali Lagoon and tributaries | |
7. Barbus capito (Güldenstädt, 1772) | Anzali Lagoon | |
8. Chalcalburnus chalcoides iranicus Svetovidov, 1945 | Anzali Lagoon, Siahdarvishan, Khalkai | |
9. Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 | Anzali Lagoon | |
10. Rhodeus sericeus Pallas, 1776 | Siahdarvishan, Khalkai | |
11. Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii, 1901) | Anzali Lagoon, Siahdarvishan | |
12. Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Anzali Lagoon | |
13. Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Siahdarvishan, Khalkai | |
14. Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) | Khalkai | |
15. Vimba vimba persa Pallas, 1811 | Khalkai, Siahdarvishan | |
COBITIDAE | ||
16. Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald, 1838) | Khalkai | |
SILURIDAE | ||
17. Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 | Anzali Lagoon | |
ESOCIDAE | ||
18. Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 | Anzali Lagoon, Khalkai | |
SALMONIDAE | ||
19. Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877 | Anzali Lagoon, and its tributaries | |
POECILIIDAE | ||
20. Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859) | Anzali Lagoon | |
GASTEROSTEIDAE | ||
21. Pungitius platygaster (Kessler, 1859) | Khalkai | |
PERCIDAE | ||
22. Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 | Anzali Lagoon | |
23. Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) | Anzali Lagoon | |
GOBIIDAE | ||
24. (?) Neogobius kessleri gorlap Il'in (in Berg 1949) | Siahdarvishan | |
25. Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811) | Anzali Lagoon 2) | |
PLEURONECTIDAE | ||
26. Platichthys flesus luscus Pallas, 1811 | Anzali Lagoon outlets |
Table 22: List of fish species as recorded in the Anzali Lagoon and some its tributaries between October
1989 and November 1991.
+ = species recorded;
? = species reported but not documented;
* = species exotic for Iran and/or Caspian Sea drainage.
1 = Anzali Lagoon;
2 = Outlets from AL;
3 = Kolesar River;
4 =Massuleh River;
5 = Siahdarvishan River;
6 = Pasikhan River;
7 = Pirbazar River;
For subspecific names see Note at the end of the last sheet of this table.
FAMILY | Locality | ||||||||
Species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
PETROMYZONTIDAE | |||||||||
1. | Caspiomyzon wagneri (Kessler, 1870) | + | + | ||||||
CLUPEIDAE | |||||||||
2. | Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838) 1) | + | + | ||||||
3. | Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) 2) | + | + | + | |||||
ANGUILLIDAE | |||||||||
4. | Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) | ? | ? | ||||||
CYPRINIDAE | |||||||||
5. | Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) 3) | + | + | + | + | + | |||
6. | Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) 4) | + | + | + | |||||
7. | Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) 5) | + | + | ||||||
8. | Alburnus charusini Herzenstein, 1889 6) | + | + | ||||||
9. | Alburnus filippii Kesler, 1877 | + | + | + | + | ||||
10. | *Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1844) | + | |||||||
11. | Barbus brachycephalus Kessler, 1872 7) | ? | ? | ||||||
12. | Barbus capito (Güldenstädt, 1772) | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||
13. | Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 8) | + | |||||||
14. | Capoeta capoeta(Güldenstädt, 1773) 9) | + | + | + | |||||
15. | *Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) | + | + | + | + | + | |||
16. | Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772) | + | + | + | + | + | |||
17. | *Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) | + | + | ||||||
18. | Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 | + | + | ||||||
19. | *Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) | + | |||||||
20. | *Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) | + | + | ||||||
21. | Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758 10) | + | |||||||
22. | Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) 11) | + | + | + | + | + | |||
23. | Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) 12) | + | + | + | + | ||||
24. | Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) | + | |||||||
25. | Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) | + | + | ||||||
26. | Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) | + | + | + | |||||
27. | Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) 13) | + | + | + | + | + | |||
COBITIDAE | |||||||||
28. | Noemacheilus angorae Steindachner, 1897 14) | + | |||||||
29. | Sabanejewia aurata (Filippi, 1865) | + | |||||||
SILURIDAE | |||||||||
30. | Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 | + | + | + | |||||
ESOCIDAE | |||||||||
31. | Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 | + | + | ? | |||||
POECILIIDAE | |||||||||
32. | *Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859) | + | + | + | |||||
ATHERINIDAE | |||||||||
33. | Atherina mochon (Cuvier, 1829) 15) | + | |||||||
SYNGNATHIDAE | |||||||||
34. | Syngnathus nigrolineatus Eichwald, 1831 16) | + | + | ||||||
PERCIDAE | |||||||||
35. | Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 | + | + | ||||||
36. | Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) | + | + | ||||||
MUGILIDAE | |||||||||
37. | *Liza auratus (Risso, 1810) | + | + | ||||||
GOBIIDAE | |||||||||
38. | Neogobius kessleri (Günther, 1861) 17) | + | |||||||
39. | Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) | + | |||||||
40. | Neogobius platyrostris (Pallas, 1814) 18) | + | + | + | + | + | |||
41. | Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811) | + | + | ||||||
TOTAL (No. of families/species: | |||||||||
Anzali Lagoon watershed | 13/41 | ||||||||
Anzali Lagoon | 11/31 | ||||||||
Outlets from Anzali Lagoon | 12/28 | ||||||||
Inflowing rivers | 8/23 |
Note: Subspecific status of fishes recorded in the Anzali Lagoon and its watershed. Compiled from Berg (1948–1949), Coad (1979), and Pinchuk (1976, 1979)
1) ssp.persica Il'in, 1927 and ssp.knipowitschi Il'in, 1927;
2) ssp.caspia Svetovidov, 1941
3) ssp.transcaucasica Berg, 1916;
5) ssp.eichwaldi Filippi, 1863;
6) ssp.hohenackeri Kessler, 1877;
8) ssp.cyri Filippi, 1865; Karaman (1971) included it into Barbus plebejus Bonaparte, 1832;
9) ssp.gracilis Keyserling, 1861;
10) ssp.orientalis Nordmann, 1840;
12) ssp.kutum Kamenskii, 1901;
14) ssp.bergianus Derjavin, 1934;
15) ssp.pontica Eichwald, 1931;
16) ssp.caspius Eichwald, 1831;
17) ssp.gorlap Il'in (in Berg 1949);
18) ssp.constructor Nordmann, 1840.
Table 23: Anzali Lagoon - total annual catch of fish in 1990. Based on census made between 21 January and 21 November 1990.
Species | Total catch | Catch by fishing gear (%) | ||||
(kg) | (%) | |||||
haul seine | gill net | cast net | ||||
1. | Carassius auratus | 46 472 | 62.0 | 83.2 | 7.3 | 9.5 |
2. | Cyprinus carpio | 6 855 | 9.1 | 29.8 | 56.4 | 13.8 |
3. | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | 6 585 | 8.8 | 45.2 | 42.3 | 9.0 |
4. | Esox lucius | 5 836 | 7.8 | 25.4 | 7.4 | 0.6 |
5. | Rutilus frisii | 3 107 | 4.1 | 68.0 | 0.9 | 31.1 |
6. | Silurus glanis | 2 663 | 3.6 | 70.8 | 29.6 | - |
7. | Chalcalburnus chalcoides | 956 | 1.3 | 7.3 | 35.7 | 57.0 |
8. | Vimba vimba | 823 | 1.1 | 12.7 | 0.1 | 87.0 |
9. | Tinca tinca | 540 | 0.7 | - | 100.0 | - |
10. | Aristichthys nobilis | 466 | 0.6 | - | 92.0 | 8.0 |
11. | Ctenopharyngodon idella | 315 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 76.6 | 15.6 |
12. | Abramis bjoerkna | 144 | 0.2 | 7.2 | 83.7 | 9.1 |
13. | Scardinius erythrophthalmus | 98 | 0.1 | - | 93.3 | 6.7 |
14. | Hemiculter leucisculus | 41 | - | 100.0 | - | |
15. | Abramis brama | 34 | - | 59.1 | 40.9 | |
16. | Stizostedion lucioperca | 22 | - | 93.0 | 7.0 | |
17. | Perca fluviatilis | 15 | 5.2 | 78.1 | 16.7 | |
18. | Barbus capito | 9 | - | 100.0 | - | |
19. | Alosa caspia | 5 | - | 100.0 | - | |
20. | Rutilus rutilus | 5 | - | - | 100.0 | |
21. | Liza auratus | 3 | - | - | 100.0 | |
Total | 74 994 | 100.0 | 65.9 | 22.9 | 11.2 |
Table 24: Average annual catch of fish (metric tons) in the Anzali Lagoon between 1932 and 1964.
Based on Hydrorybproject data (1965).
Percentage for individual species are in brackets.
Species | Period | ||||||
1932–1935 | 1936–1940 | 1941–1946 | 1947–1951 | 1952–1956 | 1957–1961 | 1962–1964 | |
Rutilus frisii kutum | 1 031.0 | 3 488.9 | 2 252.8 | 1 121.9 | 1 007.4 | 1 063.0 | 95.1 |
(18.2) | (64.2) | (72.4) | (83.4) | (99.1) | (93.3) | (94.9) | |
Cyprinus carpio | 638.6 | 566.9 | 477.6 | 34.8 | 6.3 | 1.2 | 3.3 |
(11.3) | (10.4) | (15.3) | (2.6) | (0.6) | (0.1) | (3.3) | |
Stizostedion lucioperca | 2 581.0 | 225.9 | 83.0 | 112.2 | 1.8 | 4.8 | 1.0 |
(45.6) | (4.9) | (2.7) | (8.3) | (0.2) | (0.4) | - | |
Abramis brama | 1 133.5 | 624.8 | 28.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | - |
(20.0) | (11.5) | (0.9) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.03) | - | |
Rutilus rutilus | 166.8 | 449.7 | 157.7 | 48.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
Silurus glanis | 12.6 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 | - | - | - |
(0.2) | (0.03) | (0.1) | (0.2) | - | - | - | |
Esox lucius | 98.0 | 61.7 | 36.3 | 17.9 | - | - | - |
(1.7) | (1.1) | (1.2) | (1.3) | - | - | - | |
Otherx) | - | 12.0 | 72.0 | 7.2 | - | - | - |
- | (0.2) | (2.3) | (0.5) | - | - | - | |
Total | 5 661.5 | 5 431.4 | 3 111.2 | 1 016.6 | 1 139.0 | 100.2 |
x) Barbus sp., Aspius aspius taeniatus, Vimba vimba persa, Chalcalburnus chalcoides iranicus
Table 25: Fish catch statistics (metric tons) of bony fishes for the Anzali area.
Based on Shilat (Iranian Fisheries Company) seine catches during the period 1933–62.
From Vladykov (1964;modified).
Y E A R S | ||||||||||
Species | 1933/34 | 1934/35 | 1935/36 | 1936/37 | 1937/38 | 1938/39 | 1939/40 | 1940/41 | 1941/42 | 1942/43 |
Salmo trutta caspius | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
Silurus glanis | 104.9 | 107.6 | 71.1 | 93.1 | 62.0 | 95.5 | 27.0 | 37.7 | 45.7 | 45.3 |
Stizostedion lucioperca | 3 482.6 | 2 635.6 | 712.4 | 239.5 | 112.4 | 38.5 | 25.6 | 33.7 | 83.4 | 43.9 |
Cyprinus carpio | 441.7 | 1 113.1 | 852.6 | 763.9 | 449.1 | 190.3 | 578.6 | 729.3 | 766.7 | 427.2 |
Rutilus frisii kutum | 1 363.0 | 1 116.6 | 1 865.4 | 1 904.8 | 2 825.8 | 500.8 | 5 480.8 | 3 910.7 | 2 154.4 | 2 521.9 |
Mugilidae | - | - | - | - | <0.1 | 0.4 | - | <0.1 | 0.2 | 1.1 |
Abramis brama | 1 394.5 | 964.7 | 727.0 | 607.2 | 645.0 | 875.1 | 269.5 | 81.1 | 47.3 | 21.6 |
Rutilus rutilus | 76.8 | 221.6 | 232.0 | 438.6 | 717.0 | 374.2 | - | 172.9 | 22.3 | 50.0 |
Alosa spp. | 420.6 | 77.9 | 12.5 | 89.3 | 109.4 | 217.3 | 233.7 | 15.4 | 22.5 | 0.1 |
Alosa caspia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 219.0 | 60.9 |
Total | 7 284.7 | 6 237.4 | 4 473.6 | 4 137.2 | 4 922.0 | 2 293.6 | 6 618.2 | 4 982.6 | 3 363.4 | 3 172.8 |
Y E A R S | ||||||||||
Species | 1943/44 | 1944/45 | 1945/46 | 1946/47 | 1947/48 | 1948/49 | 1949/50 | 1950/51 | 1951/52 | 1952/53 |
Salmo trutta caspius | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
Silurus glanis | 42.1 | 29.1 | 20.7 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 21.0 | 23.6 | 14.6 | 7.7 | 3.5 |
Stizostedion lucioperca | 116.8 | 127.7 | 43.5 | 188.1 | 87.0 | 253.9 | 10.5 | 21.5 | 1.2 | 3.5 |
Cyprinus carpio | 628.2 | 332.1 | 138.3 | 94.2 | 17.9 | 57.8 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 0.1 |
Rutilus frisii kutum | 722.9 | 3 706.9 | 3 244.5 | 691.1 | 1 762.6 | 889.2 | 1 031.7 | 1 234.7 | 2 070.8 | 1 055.1 |
Mugilidae | 4.4 | 16.9 | 21.1 | 49.4 | 113.9 | 66.1 | 60.6 | 92.9 | 55.8 | 49.8 |
Abramis brama | 57.5 | 14.3 | 3.3 | 0.2 | <0.1 | <0.1 | - | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
Rutilus rutilus | 234.8 | 190.0 | 97.0 | 54.6 | 87.6 | 74.5 | 13.3 | 14.5 | 2.7 | 0.6 |
Alosa spp. | 78.7 | 217.1 | 371.5 | 508.0 | 449.5 | 197.1 | 99.1 | 63.5 | 61.4 | 22.2 |
Alosa caspia | 85.7 | 47.5 | 92.7 | 31.7 | 33.6 | 66.6 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 18.3 | - |
Total | 1 971.2 | 4 682.0 | 4 032.9 | 1 631.7 | 2 567.5 | 1 626.8 | 1 243.1 | 1 443.2 | 2 223.6 | 1 135.6 |
Y E A R S | |||||||||
Species | 1953/54 | 1954/55 | 1955/56 | 1957/58 | 1958/59 | 1958/59 | 1959/60 | 1960/61 | 1961/62 |
Salmo trutta caspius | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | < 0.1 |
Silurus glanis | 9.4 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | < 0.1 |
Stizostedion lucioperca | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 15.8 | 0.7 | 5.0 | < 0.1 |
Cyprinus carpio | 0.3 | 10.2 | 5.8 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Rutilus frisii kutum | 878.8 | 236.1 | 751.0 | 1 915.8 | 1 556.0 | 1 152.2 | 358.4 | 199.8 | 85.1 |
Mugilidae | 20.7 | 53.3 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 9.0 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Abramis brama | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - |
Rutilus rutilus | 0.3 | - | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.1 |
Alosa spp. | 5.4 | 188.3 | 104.8 | 21.2 | 15.2 | 10.5 | 213.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
Alosa caspia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Total | 916.4 | 499.6 | 878.0 | 1 950.2 | 1 584.4 | 1 182.4 | 574.8 | 208.9 | 88.0 |