Figure 1 - OVERVIEW PARTICIPATORY RURAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Adapted from (Source): FAO/RAPA 1981
Rome, May 1987
Figure 2 - PARTICIPATORY RURAL DEVELOPMENT (PRD) PROJECT PHASES1
1 A PRD project can either be a component of a larger agricultural, rural development or other project or a specific self-sustained project.
Adapted from (Source): FAO/ESH 1981
|
Elements |
Conventional Standard Approach |
Participatory Approach |
|
|
1. |
Scope |
Village-wide or area-wide and for all inhabitants |
Rural poor identified as eligible group participants other locals participate as development supporters |
|
2. |
Agents of change |
Extension workers |
Group promoters; eventually indigenous facilitators and enablers |
|
3. |
Operational unit |
Formal organizations with written by-laws and officers; registered with a government office |
Small, informal homogenous groups; later, associations or federations of these |
|
4. |
Type of activities |
Various purposes; economic, socio-cultural and/or socio-political |
Income and employment raising at first, but also non-economic group activities |
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5. |
Financing |
Credit with physical collateral; or collateral-free credit according to uniform specifications |
Guarantee-cum-risk fund used as a base for a credit line for loans with social instead of physical collateral; occasionally, "total" (family) credit; promotion of group liability together with group savings |
|
6. |
Government’s delivery |
Piecemeal, by line departments (and/or NGOs) with some overlapping |
Integrated according to specific needs and desires of groups/federations or rural poor |
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7. |
Administrative structure |
Vertical line of supervision from central to local offices |
Coordinating committees at local and national levels ensure integrated approach |
|
8. |
Training |
Standard training of the lecturer-student type |
Participatory, ongoing, pragmatic, in-service, on job, on-site learning by doing including farmer-to-farmer and group-to-group training |
|
9. |
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&F) |
Progress reports from local to regional to national offices |
Participatory M&E including multi-level field workshops, by the rural poor, group promoters and supporting government and/or NGO personnel |
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10. |
Data collection |
"Objective" research methods |
Participatory action-research |
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11. |
Political backing |
"Class-less"; programmes designed to benefit whole rural community |
"Biased" towards the rural poor; preferential policies, programmes and projects |
Adapted from (Source): "350 Million Rural Poor - Where do we start? by Antonio J. Ledesma, ESCAP, Bangkok, 1980
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