PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION REPORT 2006-07 WEBANNEX

Programme 2A: Crop production systems management

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	19,842
	Actual Income	1,055
	Adjusted Programme of Work	20,897
	Expenditure at budget rate	20,269
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	628
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		7,567
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	32,041
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	116,097
	TCP and SPFS delivery	8,758
	Total Field Programme delivery	156,896
Total Expenditure		184,732

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	27	0	1	28	28	0	104%
Information exchange and coordination	20	(3)	0	17	17	0	85%
Information products, systems, databases	14	0	0	14	13	1	100%
International Undertakings, Agreements	12	(1)	0	11	11	0	92%
Policy and legislative advice	3	(1)	1	3	3	0	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	26	(2)	1	25	25	0	96%
Total	102	(7)	3	98	97	1	96%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AA02	Soil Productivity and Conservation	Technical Project	AGP

Objective

In the framework of the post-UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) conventions and land management cluster of UNCED Agenda 21, test and disseminate improved land, soil fertility and integrated nutrient management options and policies, and support assessment and rehabilitation of degraded lands and problem soils in different agro-ecological zones.

Indicators

Evidence of adoption of improved soil productivity management practices, soil rehabilitation and integrated plant nutrition management techniques by farmers, particularly in SPFS, TCP projects and Soil Fertility Initiative (SFI) related programmes
Feedback from SPFS farmers and trainers on the validity of proposed soil productivity management techniques
Examples of land use, land reclamation and fertilisation policies and strategies adopted and implemented as a result of this entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Soil Fertility Initiative resulted in soil fertility improvement actions in various countries, often as an element of the National Programmes for Food Security (Nigeria) or stand-alone programmes (Ethiopia, Ghana, Zimbabwe) and projects (Burkina Faso). The need to invest in land and water development was addressed to facilitate the funding for up-scaling activities that became an integral element of the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme adopted by the African Union (AU). The concept of, and emphasis placed on, proper fertilizer use evolved according to perceived needs and priorities expressed by African member countries. Three subsequent FAO Regional Conferences for Africa led to the AU Fertilizer Summit and ensuing Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. FAO continued its active support to African countries in designing fertilizer strategies and policies by associating government and civil society stakeholders in pursuit of their food security goals (Malawi, Nigeria, Pakistan, Uganda, etc.). Capacity building to improve farmers' plant nutrient management was undertaken and associated practical handbooks and manuals were developed. FAO actively supports the WOCAT (World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies) programme, principally through in-kind contributions in the form of technical advice on WOCAT's general information and technical database management systems. In this context, FAO took the lead in charting the future development path of WOCAT's online databases, developed technical specifications, identified consultants and supervised their work. It also participated in a joint Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA)/WOCAT map questionnaire testing workshop in South Africa and in WOCAT's Annual Workshop and Steering Meeting in the Philippines, where a prototype online system was presented.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AA04	Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources	Technical Project	AGP

Objective

Wide dissemination and use, as well as conservation, of plant genetic resources and related biodiversity, through strengthening of the seed sector and plant-breeding capacities at national level, effective implementation of the GPA for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA, and strengthened agrobiodiversity considerations in relevant multilateral environmental agreements.

Indicators

Examples of activities stemming from GPA implementation
Examples of national programmes and private enterprises disseminating locally adapted cultivars, including from alternative crops, and good-quality planting material in part due to this entity
National programmes for PGRFA established, strengthened, and/or incorporating improved seed and plant-breeding activities

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

FAO has been implementing seed sector development strategies in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America through national- and regional-level interventions. National capacity strengthening in seed systems development, including community seed production, was undertaken in Angola, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, the Sudan and the United Republic of Tanzania and in the Central Asian region (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). At the invitation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Secretariat and at the request of countries, documents were prepared on issues related to agricultural biodiversity, stressing the contribution of FAO's international agreements and work related to PGRFA. Assistance was provided to countries in developing and implementing national agricultural biodiversity programmes or activities, thereby helping countries meet their obligations under the CBD and other "agri-environmental" instruments such as the Global Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the International Treaty on PGRFA. Procedures were developed for the economic valuation of pollination services to farmers, and determination of crop pollination needs. These protocols were piloted in Ghana, India and Nepal. The existing knowledge base on crop pollination (e.g. literature surveys) has been consolidated and will be made available through the development of a Pollination Information Management System.The Organization coordinated the development of pollination management plans at an ecosystem level for chilli peppers in Ghana, and buckwheat, mustard and home gardens in Nepal. A survey was compiled profiling good pollination practices of farming systems in Colombia (tree tomato), Ghana (mango), Ethiopia (coffee), India (coffee), and the United Republic of Tanzania (pigeon pea), among others.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AA05	Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Nuclear Techniques and Biotechnology	Technical Project	AGE

Objective

Advanced technologies for assessing land degradation and crop water productivity, improving tolerance of crops to stresses and for managing insect pests biologically, used by National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS), CG Centres and plant protection authorities, and transferred to extension services, NGOs and farmer/grower groups.

Indicators

Number of national and regional laboratories demonstrating proficiency in total N and N-15 measurements
Number of advanced breeding lines of local crops with agronomic and quality characters improved by mutations
Number of areas of low pest prevalence and areas free of insect crop pests.
Number of insect pest rearing facilities using improved protocols, QC procedures, reagents and construction design.
Increase in the number of publications produced by and through the entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The programme entity was implemented as planned, with all activities completed. AGE held an interregional training course on the "Use of nuclear and related techniques to measure storage, flows and balance of water in cropping systems" for 22 participants from 21 Member States to provide them with the tools to separate plant transpiration from evapotranspiration using the combined isotopes of water and carbon. This experience was used to obtain new estimates for refining input parameters and validating/testing the FAO crop water productivity model (AquaCrop Model) in the development of improved irrigation strategies. Two further interregional training courses were organized, in 2006 and 2007 (each with 20 trainees from 20 Member States), on mutant germplasm characterization using molecular markers (five weeks, covering mutation induction through molecular markers and high throughput techniques to bioinformatics). The enhanced capacity in using molecular marker techniques has increased the ability of breeders to identify useful mutation and to protect breeders' rights. Assistance was provided to several member countries in facility design, strain shipment, training and improved protocols to support the expansion of capacity and application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) and the harmonization of area-wide approaches to integrated management of plant and livestock pest insects. The benefits of using this technique have included the establishment of fruit fly-free and low-prevalence areas and have allowed several countries in Central America to initiate exports of fresh fruits and vegetables to new markets. Establishment of the new areas also resulted in reduced insecticide application, which will eventually improve environmental quality and reduce residues on agricultural products.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AA06	Crop Production Systems - Sustainable Intensification, Diversification, and Biodiversity	Technical Project	AGP

Objective

Increased access to sufficient and quality food produced in a sustainable manner, through integrated technologies and policies.

Indicators

Evidence of technical knowledge transferred to small farmers and pastoralists related to production and biodiversity in crop/grassland systems

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The publication "Tropical crop-livestock systems in conservation agriculture: the Brazilian experience", prepared under this programme entity, has contributed to the transfer of sustainable intensified production systems based on reduced tillage from the tropics of Latin America to Africa. In addition, such technologies are being introduced into West African humid savannahs through a "proof of concept" pilot activity in southwestern Burkina Faso linked to Good Agriculture Practices for cotton intensification and diversification. This work, coupled with the Integrated Production and Pest Management (IPPM) field project, fosters broad partnerships with Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centres and with the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA). A synthesis report related to forage and grassland genetic resources was produced as a contribution to the second report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The synthesis report was launched through a side event at the 11th regular session of the Commission on Genetic Resources. The 21st Session of the International Rice Commission was held in Chiclayo, Peru in May 2006, with the participation of 90 delegates from member countries and partner institutions. Two reports on participation in planning meetings for the African Rice Initiative were prepared. Around 50 research and extension officers in sub-Saharan Africa were trained in New Rice for Africa (NERICA) rice production and around 100 scientists and researchers from Eastern Europe and Central Asia participated in a workshop on sustainable rice production. Six technical papers on integrated production systems and sustainable management of agricultural natural resources were published at international conferences and consultations.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AP01	Technical Support to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture	Continuing Programme Activity	AGP

Objective

To assist parties in implementing the Treaty and its supporting components (the Global Plan of Action, international ex situ collections, PGRFA networks, and the global information system), thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA, facilitated access to these resources and sharing the benefits arising from their use.

Indicators

Summary status of implementation of, and examples of actions taken to implement the Global Plan of Action
Number of times the Global Information System is accessed
Progress towards completing the second Report on the State of the World's PGRFA, according to timetable
Information provided to member countries to facilitate their implementation of the Global Plan of Action.

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Global Plan of Action (GPA), as a supporting component of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, was implemented in various countries in Africa, Central Asia, Latin America and Southeast Asia. A range of tools within the monitoring of the GPA framework was developed for this purpose, including capacity building for the National Information Sharing Mechanisms. These mechanisms will facilitate access to PGRFA, technology transfer and information on policies that will assist countries to implement the Treaty. Documents were prepared for the meeting of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) and of the Governing Body of the Treaty. For example, through an information document presented to the Commission, information was provided on the role of pollinator diversity in healthy ecosystem functions; its value for crop, seed and forage production in adaptation to changing environments; and on possible measures to avert the loss of the services pollinators provide to food and agriculture. Invertebrates are now part of the multiyear programme of work of the CGRFA.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AP03	Secretariat of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture	Continuing Programme Activity	AGP

Objective

Decision-making process of the Governing Body of the Treaty and its subsidiary bodies operating smoothly and effectively in support of the Treaty's objectives. Improved conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture through common action.

Indicators

Decisions taken by the Governing Body and its subsidiary bodies, as required under the Treaty
Impact of plant genetic resources considerations enhanced in other relevant international processes

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Despite difficult negotiations during its second session, the Governing Body adopted a full work programme for the implementation of the Treaty and an equivalent budget. The Governing Body successfully established the policy basis and substantive guidance for implementing the two main pillars of the Treaty, the Multilateral System and the Funding Strategy, in the coming biennium (2008-09). In order to promote further inclusion of material in the Multilateral System, the Governing Body "requested its Secretary to continue consultations with other relevant international institutions and to report to it regularly on progress". Accordingly, such consultations were carried out and agreements with a number of relevant international institutions under Article 15 of the Treaty were successfully concluded. Article 20 of the Treaty states that "[t]he Secretary shall cooperate with other organizations and treaty bodies, including in particular the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, in achieving the objectives of this Treaty". In the past biennium, several missions were undertaken to promote cooperation with other organizations.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AS01	Committee on Agriculture (COAG)	Technical Service Agreement	AGD

Objective

Technical appraisal made of relevant programmes and specific matters related to food and agriculture and subsequent recommendations to Council.

Indicators

Recommendations for action by FAO Secretariat
Recommendations for Member Governments

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The 20th Session of the Committee on Agriculture (COAG) (25-28 April 2007) reviewed the issue of managing livestock-environment interactions, discussed the analysis of trends and challenges in agribusiness and agro-industries development and addressed concerns relating to climate change and its importance for biodiversity, environmental sustainability and food security. The Committee assigned priority to FAO's work on diseases and pests of animals and plants, nutrition and consumer protection, genetic resources, sustainable natural resources management, capacity building for participation in multilateral trade negotiations, agro-industries, biotechnology, extension and research, agrarian reform and rural development. In recognition of the importance of analysing the interactions between environmental issues and food and agriculture, the Committee expressed support for conducting a study on possible elements of an FAO Strategic Framework for Agriculture and Environmental Challenges of the 21st Century, to be carried out with interdepartmental cooperation. The Committee agreed to a multidisciplinary integrated framework to address water scarcity related to climate change. With reference to the outcome and follow-up to International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ICARRD), it stressed the unique role of FAO in addressing agrarian reform and rural development.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AS02	Technical Services for Partnership Development, Advice, and Information Enhancement	Technical Service Agreement	AGD

Objective

Agricultural aspects integrated into relevant cross-cutting initiatives and partnerships through coordinated contributions by AG units. Improved understanding of agricultural issues and solutions through information products and messages. Better understanding, awareness and adoption of GAPs by stakeholders in member countries.

Indicators

Services contributed towards enhanced partnerships and initiatives
Demonstrated use of information products
Countries better aware of and adopting GAPs

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Collaboration on a multidepartmental level was initiated in the context of the organization of Expert Meetings that would provide inputs for the preparations of the High-level Conference on World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy. Guidance and assistance was provided to AG divisions on publications and communications aimed at maintaining a high level of quality. A new Web site for the AG Department was designed that would facilitate regular updates and link directly to divisional information. In view of new responsibilities as a result of the restructuring of the decentralized offices in the course of FAO's reform process and awaiting final decisions on the implementation of IEE recommendations, in 2006-07 no biennial consultation of AG outposted officers was held at headquarters.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2AS03	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	AGP

Objective

Technical advice and backstopping to strengthen the crop sector.

Indicators

Requests, missions, project fulfilment

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

• A key aspect of FAO's emergency programme involves seed relief projects; activities implemented under PE 2AS03 include: review of project proposals, technical clearance of seed specifications and seed tenders, technical advice on seed-related problems, review and clearance of project reports and field visits to emergency operations. In 2006-07, activities implemented under this PE contributed to 126 OSRO projects and 4 TCP emergency projects. In addition, the Organization has provided technical training to emergency staff, developed technical materials, and established and streamlined clearance procedures for emergency seed purchases. Surveys of national capacity to use plant genetic resources effectively were conducted in more than 60 countries over three years and the resulting data inserted into a searchable data base, emphasizing plant breeding and associated biotechnology. The Organization provided technical assistance on more than 260 ongoing crop production and seed projects in 2007, with TCP values of more than US$20 million and trust fund values of more than US$350 million.

Programme 2B: Livestock production systems management

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	8,065
	Actual Income	620
	Adjusted Programme of Work	8,685
	Expenditure at budget rate	8,612
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	73
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		7,403
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	15,167
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	24,377
	TCP and SPFS delivery	1,775
	Total Field Programme delivery	41,319
Total Expenditure		57,334

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	5	(1)	0	4	4	0	80%
Information exchange and coordination	5	(1)	0	4	4	0	80%
Information products, systems, databases	2	(1)	2	3	3	0	150%
International Undertakings, Agreements	4	0	0	4	3	1	100%
Other	0	0	1	1	1	0	0%
Policy and legislative advice	2	0	0	2	2	0	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	6	0	3	9	8	1	150%
Total	24	(3)	6	27	25	2	112%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2BA02	Sustainable Livestock Production	Technical Project	AGA

Objective

Improved livestock husbandry, animal health and on-farm animal product processing incorporated in programmes aiming at livestock-dependent smallholders. Contribution of improved animal husbandry reflected in national poverty reduction strategies and rehabilitation programmes.

Indicators

Inclusion of good livestock practices in FAO-assisted national poverty reduction, food security and rehabilitation programmes
Demand for project entity reports and guidelines

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The programme entity (PE) focused on poultry, small-scale dairying/milk production and emergencies, including activities relating to HIV/AIDS mitigation in livestock production. The production-related aspects of the Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) crisis were prioritized in the framework of the Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD)-led HPAI programme of the Organization. Case studies, country reports and thematic studies were presented at an international conference 'Poultry in the 21st Century' (November 2007). The demand for livestock-related disaster-preparedness and mitigation remained high. Livestock Emergency Guidelines (LEGs) were developed throughout the biennium in conjunction with the International Committee of the Red Cross, Veterinaires Sans Frontieres, the African Union and Tufts University and included an electronic decision-support tool as well as six supporting technical manuals. The LEGs will be published in 2008. Activities related to small-scale dairying focused on a series of case studies entitled "Lessons from Dairying", to be published in 2008, and a Dairy Newsletter produced jointly with the International Dairy Federation. FAO marked World Aids Day in 2007 with livestock as its theme and the publication of the presentations is forthcoming. The PE also undertook work in the area of parasite and tick resistance through support to the international Working Group on Parasite Resistance and their annual meetings in Johannesburg (2006) and San Jose (2007), as well as to three regional parasite resistance networks (Helminthology Networks for Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa and the Tickborne Diseases Network for Latin America and the Caribbean). Two Parasite Resistance Reference Centres, in Uruguay and Mexico, were supported in the dissemination of information and a manual on "Integrated Control Programmes for Ticks on Cattle" was published.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2BA03	Management of Animal Genetic Resources	Technical Project	AGA

Objective

Policies are implemented to foster livestock development while protecting genetic resources and biodiversity, and the environment, for livestock systems at all levels of production intensity.

Indicators

Uptake of supportive technologies, practices; guidelines and strategies for the improved management of AnGR
Uptake of policy interventions, strategies and programmes based on the entity approach, such as the Global Strategy for the Management of Animal Genetic Resources
Uptake and use by countries of the information system for the management of AnGR
Countries and regions implementing the Strategic Priorities for Action for AnGR, and examples of concrete achievements

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The International Technical Conference, which took place in Interlaken, Switzerland, in September 2007, welcomed the report on The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and adopted the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources through the Interlaken Declaration on Animal Genetic Resources. The Conference stressed that the preparation of the report, a country-driven authoritative global assessment, was an important step in achieving the improved management of animal genetic resources (AnGR), including enhancing the basis for further policy development. The Global Plan of Action, for the first time ever, provides an internationally agreed framework, to support and increase the overall effectiveness of national, regional and global efforts for the sustainable use, development and conservation of animal genetic resources, and to facilitate mobilization of resources, including adequate financial resources, development of institutions, human resources and cooperative frameworks. The Conference requested the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture to monitor and oversee the implementation of the Global Plan of Action, within the context of its Multi-Year Programme of Work on Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, in order to build systematically on the outcomes of the Interlaken Conference. The Global Plan of Action was subsequently endorsed by CL133 and C34. The Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources now contains more than 7 600 breed entries from 182 countries. The more user-friendly third version of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System DAD-IS was launched in 2007. FAO's work on AnGR is receiving increasing recognition by other international fora. The importance of livestock biodiversity considerations in animal health control programmes was recognized and is reflected in the FAO/OIE Global Strategy on HPAI.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2BP01	Global Livestock Information and Knowledge System	Continuing Programme Activity	AGA

Objective

Improved decision-making at local, national, regional and international levels with respect to livestock policies and technologies that enhance livelihoods and income opportunities for small-scale livestock producers while at the same time promoting sustainable natural resource use.

Indicators

Number of countries adopting equitable and sustainable livestock policies, technologies and codes of practice

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The livestock Web site maintained its growth trend over the biennium. More than 400 new documents were uploaded and available Web statistics now show over 1 400 000 visits per year, making it one of the most visited sites at FAO. A number of other divisions have adopted the design of this site as a template for their own sites. In addition, the "Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW)" database was updated to match the FAOSTAT 2005 national statistics for livestock populations. These updates were made available through the GeoNetwork data repository. Web-map services and Google Earth layers were also created for each of the modelled species. A publication explaining the full methodology was produced and distributed to registered users.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2BS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	AGA

Objective

Stronger, more resilient national livestock sectors.

Indicators

FAO Field Programme (Livestock)
FAO Field Programme (Livestock)

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

During 2006-07, the response to the avian influenza crisis created a significant increase in the demand for field programme support. Technical backstopping and support were provided to member countries, other agencies and FAO programmes on a wide range of project and non-project livestock development issues. During the biennium, the programme entity supported 46 operational TCP projects (total value US$6.7 million) and 151 Trust Fund (TF) projects (total value US$156.2 million), 5 UNDP projects and 147 TeleFood projects. Over 600 missions were undertaken by the Organization in 2006/7. FAO supported 157 operational projects covering transboundary animal diseases (primarily related to avian influenza), veterinary services, early warning systems, viral disease surveillance, trade-related vector-borne animal diseases and the establishment of disease-free zones. The Organizaiton supported 44 operational (TCP and TF) projects covering milk processing, milk and meat safety and marketing, animal feed, drought management and small-scale poultry development. FAO also provided policy support through six operational TF projects. Technical backstopping was provided to major rehabilitation programmes in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, the Sudan and the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Emergency projects accounted for US$99.0 million of the total portfolio of operational projects. Technical support services were also provided to member countries. Staff time was allocated to the development of the proposed national medium-term priority frameworks.

Programme 2C: Diseases and pests of animals and plants

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	23,446
	Actual Income	2,022
	Adjusted Programme of Work	25,468
	Expenditure at budget rate	25,476
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	(8)
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		18,978
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	23,795
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	104,245
	TCP and SPFS delivery	9,102
	Total Field Programme delivery	137,142
Total Expenditure		181,596

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	21	1	22	22	105%
Information exchange and coordination	6	0	6	6	100%
Information products, systems, databases	6	3	9	9	150%
International Undertakings, Agreements	10	1	11	11	110%
Policy and legislative advice	1	0	1	1	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	14	1	15	15	107%
Total	58	6	64	64	110%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2CA02	Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Nuclear Techniques and Biotechnology	Technical Project	AGE

Objective

Improved livestock productivity and safer livestock products through technologies and strategies that increase feed conversion and reproductive efficiencies and lead to progressive control of major diseases and insect vectors.

Indicators

Number of farms introducing management changes based on methods and guidelines developed through the entity
Number of member countries obtaining OIE recognition of freedom from rinderpest
Number of veterinary laboratories having quality management systems in place and meeting international accreditation
Number of planned or implemented area-wide intervention programmes against tsetse and screwworm flies in which SIT is a significant component
Number of insect production facilities complying with improved rearing techniques and quality control protocols

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Organization contributed to the transfer of radioimmunoassay (RIA) technology required for the testing of progesterone through support to capacity building for more than 30 member countries. This complemented the adoption of artificial insemination and reproductive management practices to support optimal birth frequencies and enhance the introduction of favourable genetic traits. Over 50 feedstuffs were evaluated for the formulation of animal diets that incorporate local feed resources that do not compete with human food consumption. FAO was highly influential in producing international methods and guidelines relating to transboundary animal diseases (e.g. foot and mouth disease [FMD], avian influenza [AI], Rift Valley fever [RVF], contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia [CBPP], peste des petits ruminants [PPR]), the detection and control of diseases, and quality assurance management of diagnostic and testing laboratories. FAO provided expertise; development and funding of kits for diagnosis and detection of antibodies; and training and international guidelines for the recognition of rinderpest and differentiation from other diseases. Modern technologies, particularly the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were further developed to add value to conventional methods already in use and to strengthen the diagnosis of diseases such as FMD, CBPP, Newcastle disease and AI; African swine fever (ASF); brucellosis, RVF and trypanosomosis. An interregional training course on SIT and related technologies was organized in 2006, with 24 participants from 23 countries, including decision-makers from ongoing area-wide projects. This represented successful collaboration among the United States Department of Agriculture, the University of Florida, and FAO/IAEA with regard to course content and co-funding. The course evaluation confirmed its effectiveness and usefulness for practical application.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2CP01	Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)	Continuing Programme Activity	AGP

Objective

Appropriate regulatory frameworks and effective national and international phytosanitary measures to prevent the spread and introduction of plant pests.

Indicators

Measures taken by national plant protection services in support of IPPC implementation
National strategies, policies and projects formulated and/or implemented in accordance with the requirements of the IPPC

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

At the end of 2007, there were 166 contracting parties to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). During 2006-07, three existing International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) were revised: ISPM 1 (Phytosanitary principles for protection of plants and application of phytosanitary measures in international trade), ISPM 2 (Framework for pest risk analysis) and ISPM 5 (Glossary of phytosanitary terms). Five new ISPMs were adopted: ISPM 25 (Consignments in transit) ISPM 26 (Establishment of pest free areas for fruit flies, ISPM 27 (Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests), ISPM 28 (Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests) and ISPM 29 (Recognition of pest free areas and areas of low pest prevalence). Six expert working group and ten technical panel meetings were held to draft standards and the Standards Committee and the Standards Committee Working Group met six times to consider the drafts. The International Phytosanitary Portal was developed to make navigation available in English, French, Spanish and Arabic. The advocacy document on dispute settlement was presented to the WTO SPS Committee. The First Session of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures was convened in 2006. An independent evaluation was undertaken on the "Workings of the IPPC and its Institutional Arrangements" and its outcomes reported to the FAO Programme Committee. The Secretariat convened two meetings of the CPM, six meetings of the IPPC Bureau and three meetings of the Strategic Planning and Technical Assistance Working Group, one of which was to consider the recommendations of the IPPC Evaluation. One focus group meeting was held, to review standard setting procedures, and an open-ended working group met to discuss a possible compliance mechanism for the IPPC. In addition, the Secretariat was represented at meetings with international/regional organizations and two technical consultations among regional plant protection organizations were held.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2CP02	Pesticide Risk Reduction through Pesticide Management, IPM and the use of Biopesticides	Continuing Programme Activity	AGP

Objective

Sound pesticide management practices in compliance with international standards, and focusing on risk reduction, including the promotion of alternative pest management practices.

Indicators

Broad adoption of IPM as a means of reducing reliance on pesticides and encouraging better selection of products.
Reduction of trade, use and storage of hazardous pesticides
Examples of progress made in the international regulatory framework for sound pesticide management, due in part to this entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Management adopted new or revised guidelines to support implementation of new provisions. Regional workshops on the Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides were held for Asia and the Pacific and for the Near East, and national meetings were held in Asia and Latin America. The FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues and the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications convened regularly. More than 40 pesticides were evaluated. The FAO Programme on the Prevention and Disposal of Obsolete Pesticides assisted countries in identifying and eliminating obsolete pesticides and establishing mechanisms to prevent their recurrence. The programme and most country activities were made possible by extra-budgetary funding. A significant achievement was the initiation of activities under the Africa Stockpile Programme, implemented in collaboration with the World Bank and the World Wide Fund for Nature. The 3rd session of the Conference of the Parties of the Rotterdam Convention (COP-3) decided on: a programme of work and budget; technical assistance for 2007-08; the appointment of new members of the Chemical Review Committee (CRC); and cooperation among the secretariats of related Conventions. Progress towards developing a compliance mechanism was also made. The 2nd and 3rd meetings of the CRC reviewed 28 dossiers in support of 14 candidate chemicals and recommended that 2 new pesticides (endosulfan/TBT compounds) be added to the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure. Policy guidance and working procedures relevant to the CRC's work were developed. On the basis of extra-budgetary funding, technical/policy support was provided to 85 countries through 24 national and subregional meetings and national follow-up seminars were convened in 22 countries. Activities relating to the implementation of alternatives to replace the use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant were carried out jointly with UNEP.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2CP04	EMPRES - Migratory and Transboundary Invasive Plant Pests	Continuing Programme Activity	AGP

Objective

To minimize the risk of transboundary plant pest emergencies, including the desert locust, other migratory and non-migratory transboundary invasive pests through the support of early warning systems, early reaction and research capabilities. Regional and interregional cooperation and coordination for the management of these pests, including deployment of IPM strategies.

Indicators

Effective use by National Plant Protection Services of upgraded electronic communication, data management and analysis systems and improved reporting procedures
Effective use of improved applications and alternatives to chemical pesticides, especially environmentally friendly biopesticides
Outcomes of reviews of the desert locust control capacity of selected countries aimed at enhancing contingency planning processes
Improved national capacity to train field staff in locust survey reporting and control on a regular and sustainable basis
Examples of policy decisions to control transboundary pests agreed among nations of the same region
Improved national and regional strategies for transboundary invasive pests targeted by EMPRES

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

In desert locust (DL) control, attention focused on the safety to human health of pesticide applicators, environmental preservation, impact on livelihoods and rapid-response strategies. Capacity building concentrated on institutional development, locust survey/control, and risk reduction in relation to pesticide application. The programme started in 9 countries: EMPRES-Central Region contributed to containing serious outbreaks and for EMPRES-Western Region, donor support was obtained. Monthly Desert Locust Bulletins and six-week forecasts were issued, providing accurate and timely alerts and warnings on outbreaks. Standard operating procedures, guidelines and technical glossaries were also produced. Technical advice on preparedness and contingency planning to reduce the risk of DL emergencies was provided and the RAMSES, SWARMS, GIS and eLocust2 systems were improved. Regional integrated pest management (IPM) programmes were supported in West Africa, Asia, EMPRES-Central Region, Eastern Europe and the Near East. National IPM programmes focused on field capacity-building, awareness-raising and policy development. A new strain of wheat stem rust (Ug99) was recorded in Kenya and Uganda; by 2007, it had moved to Yemen, with spread also in the Near East, EMPRES-Central Region and southern Asia. FAO participated in the Global Rust Initiative to help coordinate activities and manage the threat of spread. An international expert workshop on breeding/disease management strategies for the prevention and control of the new virulent race was organized and an international technical workshop was held, where discussions included a joint FAO/ICARDA/CIMMYT project and strategies to cover regions already affected or at risk. Wheat rust management activities include disease surveillance and monitoring, breeding, seed-system rehabilitation, IPM field implementation and capacity building.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2CP05	EMPRES - Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases	Continuing Programme Activity	AGA

Objective

Eradication of a major animal disease, rinderpest; effective national and regional prevention and control strategies and capabilities for transboundary animal disease management and control; enhanced understanding of disease dynamics; enhanced contingency and emergency preparedness in countries and improved efficiency of the public veterinary services.

Indicators

Effective rinderpest eradication
Evidence of efficient disease intelligence - early warning systems in place
Existence of national emergency and contingency plans and application thereof in case of infection/disease occurrence
Economic/benefit studies carried out; updated legislative reviews for enabling policies

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Global Framework for the Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs), established in 2004 in collaboration with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), led to the establishment of Regional Steering Committees that meet annually to establish disease priorities with regional organizations (EC, ASEAN, SAARC, AU-IBAR+SADC, PAHO, IICA) and to engage potential donors. OIE/FAO Regional Animal Health Centres were established under the GF-TADs umbrella with the help of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Programme resources. The Centres operate following the core precepts of EMPRES (Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases), with activities covering prevention, early warning and response, contingency planning, vaccination and monitoring, and practical field studies. The interface with the human health sector caused by potential threats to human health from livestock production practices or wildlife have strengthened the relationship with the World Health Organization. EMPRES published several manuals on avian influenza/HPAI, interactive maps on the FAO Web site, strategic guidelines and frequent bulletins. Through the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme, countries were assisted in undertaking the necessary action for country recognition of freedom from rinderpest. EMPRES has also proposed the establishment of a specialized unit to address more effectively the problem of foot-and-mouth disease in endemic settings in collaboration with the EU-FMD Commission. TADinfo, the EMPRES-developed information system for national veterinary services, was provided to eight additional countries, and national and regional training workshops were held. The development of an in-house animal disease rumour-tracking database (EMPRES-i: information, intelligence, intervention), sharing information and analysis with WHO and OIE, was initiated.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2CS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	AGP

Objective

Providing appropriate technical support, policy and institutional advice to member countries and the field programme, including emergency and relief operation and the SPFS.

Indicators

Effective technical support and advice

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Obsolete Pesticides Programme implemented projects in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Mozambique. In addition, training on inventory and safeguarding was provided to Bolivia and India; the Africa Stockpiles Programme was further developed in Mali, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia and the United Republic of Tanzania; support was provided to TCE emergency operations in East Africa and Near East for Desert Locust (DL) outbreaks; support to in early warning was provided to locust-affected countries in Africa and Asia; and support to phytosanitary capabilities was provided to over 15 countries. The operational use of biopesticides in locust control and new areas of collaboration with the World Food Programme were explored. Technical/policy support to IPM programmes was strengthened through project formulation, national IPM strategy/ pesticide policy reform, field exchanges and education using the farmer field school (FFS) approach in 16 countries. The use of non-chemical alternatives and strategies to replace methylbromide as a soil fumigant was promoted in selected East European countries through training for extension workers and farmers. Using the FFS approach, FAO provided support to Uganda in controlling banana bacterial wilt, a newly emerged disease that, since 2001, has spread to several districts within Uganda as well as to the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Rwanda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Over 1 000 farmers received training in banana crop management and agro-ecosystem analysis techniques. After one year, the disease had been eliminated from villages where the FFSs were active. Banana production has doubled or tripled and banana cultivation areas that were previously declining are now expanding.

Programme 2D: Nutrition and consumer protection

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	22,268
	Actual Income	2,079
	Adjusted Programme of Work	24,347
	Expenditure at budget rate	24,345
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	2
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		962
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	13,370
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	5,082
	TCP and SPFS delivery	2,918
	Total Field Programme delivery	21,370
Total Expenditure		46,677

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	24	0	1	25	25	0	104%
Information exchange and coordination	11	0	1	12	11	1	109%
Information products, systems, databases	8	(1)	2	9	9	0	112%
International Undertakings, Agreements	11	0	0	11	11	0	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	21	(2)	0	19	18	1	90%
Total	75	(3)	4	76	74	2	101%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DA01	Animal Product Food Safety	Technical Project	AGA

Objective

National veterinary public health structures are established or strengthened for the control of food-borne diseases.

Indicators

Regional and national control programmes and veterinary public health units established or having increased capacities
Reduced incidence of food-borne diseases measured on a country basis

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public and animal health concern that is a consequence of both human and non-human antimicrobial usage. In collaboration with World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and World Health Organization(WHO), two expert consultations were organized in 2007: on antimicrobial resistance and on feed safety. FAO participated in the OIE ad-hoc Working group on Good Agricultural Practices. Support was also given to the WHO initiative on addressing neglected zoonotic diseases, including to an international conference addressing in December 2007. The regional networks on veterinary public health and on feed and food safety were reactivated for Asia and Latin America, and new coordinators were appointed for Africa and Eurasia. A meeting held in December 2007 brought together all network coordinators to develop a work plan envisaging the enlargement of their respective networks for the year to come. A number of publications were finalized, including the FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for Trichinellosis; the SEAGA Livestock Guide with a gender and HIV lens; several guides related to BSE surveillance, diagnosis and management; and a booklet on HIV and zoonoses in English and French. With regard to activities related to food safety, closer working relations in this area are being developed both within AGA and the wider Organization (e.g. AGN, Codex Alimentarius and the regional offices) and with other organizations (e.g. WHO, OIE, AFSSA).

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DA05	Household Food Security, Nutrition and Livelihoods	Technical Project	AGN

Objective

National and international development institutions, NGOs and community groups will be assisted to initiate, implement and evaluate community-based programmes aimed at improving household food security, nutrition and livelihoods. Collaboration among development practitioners in community-based interventions will be enhanced.

Indicators

Countries and institutions using methodologies and guidelines for household food security, nutrition and livelihoods strategies and actions
Examples of programmes that successfully strengthened community ownership and improved targeting, as a result of, inter alia, using outputs from this entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The reporting period saw significant progress in achieving the objectives of this entity, with support provided to countries and local and national institutions in the use of methodologies and guidelines for improving nutrition, food security and livelihoods. The community nutrition approach developed by the entity was adopted by FAO's Special Programme for Food Security and it strongly influenced the Livelihoods Support Programme as well as the work of the Food Security, Nutrition and Livelihoods Cluster. Collaboration between implementing partners (UN agencies, non-governmental organizations and civil society) in community-based interventions was strengthened. Key achievements included the greater recognition by partners of the important role that agriculture and food security play in improving nutrition and that fighting hunger and malnutrition is more effective when people-centred, food-based and community-focused food security and nutrition programmes are encouraged and supported by an enabling policy environment. The areas of priority for this entity reflect the findings of the auto-evaluation conducted in 2004 on this entity's predecessor, 221A4, which recommended that a log frame approach be used with a results-based output orientation and improved documentation and application of lessons learned. The lessons learned during programme implementation included the importance of incorporating nutrition objectives into national and sectoral policies and plans and complementing these with interdisciplinary, participatory and community-focused actions targeted on food-insecure and vulnerable households aimed at addressing local causes of malnutrition such as chronic or seasonal food shortages, lack of dietary diversity and inappropriate feeding practices, as well as HIV/AIDS.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DA06	Food and Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness	Technical Project	AGN

Objective

Effective information, education and communication tools, strategies and programmes developed on the basis of field research and knowledge exchange among partner agencies. Strengthened capacities of national and local institutions in developing countries and countries in economic transition to develop and implement effective education and communication strategies and programmes that promote healthy diets and nutritional well-being.

Indicators

List of national and local nutrition information and education initiatives and programmes supported by this entity
Examples of nutrition information and education programmes and institutions having upgraded their capacities and delivery in part thanks to this entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Technical work on nutrition education and information included capacity building at the regional and national levels. Technical meetings were held in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Near East, on nutrition of school age children, garden-based learning in high-HIV-prevalence areas, and the development of food-based dietary guidelines. Technical assistance was provided to 6 countries in Africa; 2 countries in Asia and 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Educational materials and communication tools were produced, including multiple language versions of the "Family Nutrition Guide", "Nutrition Education in Primary Schools", and "Setting up and Running a School Garden". The education initiative "Feeding Minds, Fighting Hunger" was expanded with information on the right to adequate food and nutrition. A Web site "Youth Window" was produced for adolescents, a storybook and teacher activity guide were produced in collaboration with WAGGGS and a textbook on nutrition and the Right to Food was produced for South Africa. There is a high demand for nutrition information and education materials from member countries; the materials are used for capacity-building activities in National Programmes for Food Security, TCP projects and inter-agency initiatives. Three articles were published on FAO's work in nutrition education in peer-reviewed, international journals. A nutrition fact sheet was produced for the International Year of the Potato and a manual, "Healthy Harvest", was produced in collaboration with TCEO to address the needs of HIV/AIDS-affected communities in Zimbabwe. The Nutrition Education and Consumer Awareness Group's collaboration with WHO, UNICEF, UNESCO and WFP continued through the Nutrition Friendly Schools Initiative, FRESH (Focusing Resources on Effective School Health) and the UN Standing Committee on Nutrition. Codex Alimentarius was strengthened as a result of efforts to promote the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Health and Physical Activity.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DP01	Improving Food and Environmental Safety through Nuclear Techniques	Continuing Programme Activity	AGE

Objective

Wider use of good agricultural practices compliant with food and environmental safety standards and greater preparedness of the food and agricultural sectors for nuclear and radiological emergencies.

Indicators

Number of countries using harmonized international guidance related to emergency preparedness and response to a nuclear or radiological emergency, including agricultural countermeasures
Number of countries using harmonized national regulations related to irradiation for sanitary and phytosanitary purposes on the basis of Codex standards
Number of countries integrating and using GAP for production of fruits and vegetables in their extension programmes
Number of countries monitoring compliance with use of veterinary drugs according to Codex standards
Number of countries applying harmonized regulations related to good laboratory practices and analytical procedures for food contaminants and residues
Number of countries with harmonized national regulations for radionuclide levels in food

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Satisfactory progress was achieved in finalizing internationally harmonized texts and in disseminating information and training through databases, e-Learning, workshops and seminars in areas related to the improvement of food quality and safety and the promotion of international trade. These activities resulted in improved laboratory capacities through training, research and technical cooperation. Strengthened interagency collaboration with the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission and the International Plant Protection Convention was evidenced through the finalization of texts related to irradiation and good laboratory practices and analytical procedures related to food contaminants, including mycotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drug residues. Other activities include collaboration with FAO on the further elaboration of protocols and procedures related to emergency preparedness and response to nuclear accidents and radiological events, including in the application of agricultural countermeasures.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DP02	Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment in a Transforming Food Economy	Continuing Programme Activity	AGN

Objective

Providing authoritative and internationally accepted estimates of the minimum, optimal and maximum safe levels of intake of macronutrients (energy, protein, carbohydrates, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, trace elements); providing methodological tools and strategies to assess dietary patterns and adequacy, to characterize various forms of malnutrition linked to dietary intake and to propose healthy diets conducive to a normal nutritional status and to the mitigation and prevention of diet-related chronic disease typical of transforming food economies.

Indicators

Countries, international organizations, food industry and regulatory authorities adopting FAO/WHO's reference standards on human nutrient requirements and related scientific advice
Countries carrying out assessments and monitoring of their nutrition transition situations

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Work has continued in the ongoing programme on nutrient requirements, food composition and dietary assessment. The FAO/WHO reports on requirements for energy, protein and micronutrients are extensively cited in the scientific literature and are provided as scientific advice to the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses. The "Journal of Food Composition and Analysis" published 16 issues in the biennium, including special issues on the "Biodiversity and Nutrition: A common path" and "Risks and benefits in food safety and quality". Technical officers attended international, regional and national conferences where they delivered presentations and participated in discussions and debates on nutrition policies and research directions. Expert consultations and technical workshops were held to develop dietary assessment and nutrient data tools and indicators, and additional workshops and training courses were held to build national-level capacities in their use. The biennial INFOODS meeting was held to steer the direction of standards development in food composition, and several INFOODS Regional Data Centre meetings took place, resulting in requests to FAO for specific assistance in training and capacity building. The nutrient database project was further developed to enable users to access more than 8 000 food records with compositional data. Simple tools for assessing and monitoring the quality of the diet and access to food were promoted and countries' capacity to use them was strengthened. Guidelines for their adaptation, use and analysis have been developed.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DP03	Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius)	Continuing Programme Activity	AGN

Objective

Internationally accepted, science-based food standards and related instruments are used by governments at the national level, or as a reference in bilateral, regional or international agreements to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade.

Indicators

List of recommendations from the Codex Alimentarius officially adopted in national and international policies, principles or instruments
Examples of cases where Codex Alimentarius standards were used to resolve international trade disputes

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Codex Alimentarius Commission completed all of its planned activities for the biennium. The 29th and 30th Sessions of the Commission, held in July 2006 and July 2007, adopted 70 new or revised Codex standards or related texts, including the "Working Principles for Risk Analysis for Food Safety for Application by Governments", the "Principles for Traceability/Product Tracing", and the "Revised Standard for Infant Formula and Formula for Special Medical Purposes", as well as a number of maximum limits for food additives and contaminants and maximum residue limits for pesticides and veterinary drugs. In addition, the Commission implemented most of the proposals originating from the 2002 FAO/WHO Evaluation of the Codex Alimentarius and Other FAO and WHO Food Standards Work, aimed at improving the Commission's ability to meet the increasing expectations of governments, enhancing the efficiency and relevance of its work and achieving overall objectives with regard to protecting consumers health and ensuring fair trade practices. Furthermore, the Commission adopted the Strategic Plan for 2008-2013 containing five strategic goals and corresponding programme areas and activities for the next six years. The Commission continued to strengthen its science basis by developing and documenting risk-analysis policies for subsidiary bodies dealing with food safety. The Commission embarked on new areas of work such as the control of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens and decided to split the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants into two separate committees in order to strengthen its capacity in these areas. The Commission maintained or strengthened exchange of information and other forms of cooperation with other international organizations, including the World Trade Organization and the World Organisation for Animal Health. The membership of the Commission had reached 175 member countries and one member organization by the end of 2007.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DP04	Food Quality and Safety throughout the Food Chain for Consumer Protection	Continuing Programme Activity	AGN

Objective

To help countries organize and manage their food quality and safety along the food chain, including in emergency situations; harmonize their food standards and regulations with the Codex Alimentarius; participate in the work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission; and therefore facilitate access of their products to international food markets.

Indicators

List of countries that received technical assistance and used it to reform their food control systems
Increase in active participation of developing countries in Codex Alimentarius

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Eighteen countries received technical assistance to strengthen their food control management, including specific components such as laboratory capacity, harmonization of standards, regulation of genetically modified foods and food inspection. Four regional projects addressing food safety issues were also completed, covering the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) countries, Southeastern European countries, and Central and South American countries, as well as a global project on enhancement of coffee quality through prevention of mould formation. Capacity-building activities relating to biosecurity, national food control systems and fresh fruit and vegetables were completed in 18 countries. Project formulation to meet the requests for technical assistance on food safety issues, including SPS trade negotiations, Codex Alimentarius, food control management and risk analysis, and food laboratories began in 2007 for an additional nine countries. Training tools, manuals and publications were issued, covering risk analysis, assessment of capacity-building needs, good hygiene practices along the coffee chain, good hygiene practices for street food vendors, biosecurity risk analysis, an e-learning course on Codex and a video on mycotoxin sampling. These tools were used in a series of eight national and regional training courses and workshops. Special events on food safety were held during the 30th Codex Alimentarius Commission and as part of the 36th Session of the FAO Conference.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DP05	Provision of Scientific Advice on Food Safety	Continuing Programme Activity	AGN

Objective

To provide member countries and the Codex Alimentarius Commission with sound, scientific assessments of food-related risks, allowing them to establish effective regulatory systems at the national and international levels and to respond appropriately to food-related crises.

Indicators

Instances where food safety assessments were used in the management of food-related risks at national/international levels

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Technical reports of the 66th, 67th and 68th Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) sessions and results of the ad hoc expert meetings on microbiological risk assessment (JEMRA), animal feed and food safety, criteria for acceptable previous cargoes for transport of fats and oils and biotechnology were released. The results were provided in response to requests from the relevant committees of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and were used in the development of standards, guidelines and recommendations in the following areas: food additives, contaminants and residues of veterinary drugs; revision of the codes of hygienic practice for eggs and egg products and powdered formulae for infants and young children; the development of guidelines for the control of Listeria in foods, and Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry. Outputs were also used by Codex committees to identify new priorities for scientific advice. The FAO/WHO consultative process on the provision of scientific advice requested by the Codex Alimentarius Commission was also completed. Significant outputs include the Framework for the Provision of Scientific Advice for Food Safety and Nutrition, which documents the principles, practices and procedures applied by FAO and WHO in this area. Management and delivery of FAO/WHO scientific advice to Codex Alimentarius Commission and directly to member countries has also been enhanced. Finally, FAO/WHO launched the Global Initiative for Food-related Scientific Advice (GIFSA) in order to identify extra-budgetary resources for the provision of scientific advice.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2DS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	AGN

Objective

Institutional building for assessing and ensuring food quality and safety throughout the food chain, and for regulatory food control; improved access to international food markets; improved participation in Codex work; Safer food for the local consumer. National and international development institutions, ministries, NGOs, donors, and educational institutes, will use their improved and strengthened capacity to initiate, manage and evaluate better community-based programmes aimed at improving household food security and nutrition, nutrition education, and preparedness for nutrition in emergencies.

Indicators

Reports of activities

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Support to ministries, non-governmental organizations, donors, and national and local institutions strengthened capacities in programme management and activities to improve food availability, access and consumption. Assistance was given in community-based household food security and nutrition, nutrition education for the public and school children, and protecting nutrition in emergencies (e.g. HIV/AIDS) activities. Capacity building and knowledge exchange were carried out in food and nutrition education through regional consultations and advice on diet-related policy decisions. Technical materials were produced to raise awareness about healthy diets and strengthen national food and nutrition education strategies and programmes. Demand for policy assistance and advice on national programme development in nutrition information and education was high. Direct technical assistance in food and nutrition education, including garden-based learning projects and initiatives was provided in numerous countries in Africa, Asia, the Near East and Latin America and the Caribbean. In the area of food quality and safety, policy makers' knowledge and national institutions' capacities were improved to strengthen regulatory and institutional frameworks. Modern approaches to management of food quality and safety risks, including the risk analysis paradigm, the preventive farm-to-fork approach, enhanced management and coordination among ministries, and public-private partnerships were promoted in field activities. Tools were prepared for in-depth assessments of food control systems and preparation of food-control strategies, including biosecurity. Quality assurance systems implemented by food producers and processors were strengthened. Activities to enhance effective participation in Codex included the preparation of manuals, an e-learning course, direct advice to member countries on national Codex structures and the implementation of national and regional training courses.

Programme 2E: Forestry information, statistics, economics, and policy

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	11,028
	Actual Income	383
	Adjusted Programme of Work	11,411
	Expenditure at budget rate	11,227
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	184
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		11,359
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	8,211
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	0
	TCP and SPFS delivery	1,257
	Total Field Programme delivery	9,468
Total Expenditure		32,054

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	7	0	7	7	0	100%
Information exchange and coordination	14	0	14	14	0	100%
Information products, systems, databases	16	(2)	14	12	2	88%
International Undertakings, Agreements	1	0	1	1	0	100%
Policy and legislative advice	1	0	1	1	0	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	5	0	5	5	0	100%
Total	44	(2)	42	40	2	95%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2EP03	Forestry Knowledge and Communication Centre	Continuing Programme Activity	FOE

Objective

Improved awareness of key forestry issues, advocacy of sustainable management of forest resources (on the part of policy-makers in formulating forest sector plans and of researchers and academic institutions in informing the public debate) based on wider access to a current and objective information base.

Indicators

Evidence of improved awareness and advocacy of key forestry issues impacting sustainable development
Increased pursuit and achievement of sustainable development policies by government officials and other decision-makers formulating forest sector plans

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The "Infosyslva" electronic newsletter was successfully launched, reaching over 10 000 subscribers with information provided in three languages every two weeks. Distribution of the "State of the World's Forests" was improved, with print copies and CD-ROMS sent to over 5 000 people on a "target audience" distribution list. A successful subregional initiative on forestry information was carried out in Central America. The Forestry Library was transformed into the Forestry Information Centre, emphasizing electronic information searches. The FORIS content management system is now used for all forestry-related information made available to FAO external and internal users via the Internet and Intranet - the first FAO department to implement such a system.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2EP04	Global Socio-economic analysis and forest sector studies	Continuing Programme Activity	FOE

Objective

Improved policy formulation and planning in the countries supported by a better understanding of long-term prospects of development and of the economic dimension of sustainable forest management.

Indicators

Examples of forest policies, plans and programmes that are based on the long-term outlook for the sector
Number of countries improving their forestry investments based on an analysis of economic aspects, including their competitiveness

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Notable successes include the completion of the "Forestry Outlook Study for West and Central Asia" and the initiation of the "Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study". The processes involved in their implementation - involving key stakeholders in the countries and the various regional partners - have led to substantial improvements in country-level strategic planning capabilities. Preparation of the country outlook papers and the various regional-, subregional- and national-level meetings and workshops have helped to clarify larger developmental issues and their implications for the forest sector. Concepts such as scenario analysis are increasingly being used by policy makers at the national level. Better understanding of the interconnectedness of policies has led to discussions on the establishment of a regional policy think tank in Asia and the Pacific and a draft concept note on this topic is under discussion. A notable accomplishment has been the streamlining of forest concession management in Liberia, involving formulation of a new forest policy, reorganization of the forest administration and development of rules and regulations enhancing transparency and accountability of forest concessions. Socio-economic analysis relating to forestry has been undertaken in countries such as Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saudi Arabia and Viet Nam, helping to improve policy formulation and implementation. Support was also provided to Kenya to formulate subsidiary legislation for implementation of the provisions relating to lease of forest land to communities and industries. An overview paper on the impact of globalization on small-scale forestry enterprises provided insights into the emerging challenges and opportunities in the context of changing competitiveness.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2EP05	Strengthening Policy, Institutional and Participatory Capacities for Forest Management and Conservation	Continuing Programme Activity	FOE

Objective

Contribute to sustainable forest management and poverty alleviation in developing countries by strengthening the capacity of forest institutions, improving policies and enhancing the participation of stakeholders in forestry processes.

Indicators

National forest programmes effectively implemented according to the principles, including participation and cross-sectoral approaches
Countries have effectively incorporated forestry into poverty reduction strategies and there is evidence of improved livelihoods through forestry

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Support was provided to over 60 countries in strengthening their national forest programmes (NFPs) through collaboration between FAO and the National Forest Programme Facility. Emphasis was placed on the participation of non-state stakeholders in the NFP process, forest policy development and financing mechanisms for NFPs. The capacity of more than 40 developing countries to address illegal logging and trade was strengthened through the promotion of stakeholder dialogue, regional networks and dissemination of best practices. Many countries are now developing their own strategies to improve forest law compliance. In Africa, countries are increasingly incorporating forestry into their poverty reduction strategies. Small-scale forest enterprise development in over 20 countries has been proved to generate income from forests, while ensuring that forest resources are maintained, thus contributing to reducing deforestation. These enterprises are becoming better connected to service providers and markets, which contributes to their sustainability. At the same time, it is increasingly recognized that secure and diversified forest tenure systems are an important precondition for the participation of local people in forest management, especially for the rural poor who often lack access to forest resources, which are still largely owned by government. Innovative forest tenure systems have been developed in several countries, for example, in the Gambia, Nepal, the Philippines, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, and Viet Nam.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2EP06	Support to COFO, Global and Regional Forestry Processes	Continuing Programme Activity	FOE

Objective

Support the efforts of countries to develop and implement legislation, policies, plans and programmes to implement sustainable forest management by providing a forum where countries can exchange views and experiences on what is working and why.

Indicators

Participation by governments
Participation by non-government stakeholders (NGO, IGO, private sector, etc.)

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

In the past two sessions (2005 and 2007), participation in the Committee on Forestry (COFO) by member countries has more than doubled compared with participation levels in the 1990s. This is due in large part to significant efforts to transform COFO into a true global forum for debating forest policy issues that are important to countries. The COFO format has been changed so that at least 50% of the time available for interpreted sessions is now being used for smaller technical sessions where NGOs and all stakeholders can participate, and the other 50% of the time is used for traditional plenary sessions limited to government interventions. Regions are more involved in COFO through active participation in a Steering Committee. In addition, FAO leadership of the Collaborative Partnerhsip on Forests was strengthened.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2ES01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	FOE

Objective

Improved capacity to understand and utilize forest policy and institutional tools/instruments developed through field programmes/projects. Trained forestry staff and people on policy, planning and participatory processes. Governmental and non governmental institutions strengthened and able to deal with emerging issues and to involve different sectoral stakeholders.

Indicators

Backstopping missions to field projects
Advisory services to member countries

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Achievements included the drafting, submission and funding of several projects aimed at supporting regional and national forestry policy initiatives and increased participation of civil society in national policy formulation; the review and strengthening of 15 TCP project submissions from member countries; the provision of technical backstopping to 27 projects, including 14 TCP projects, 5 GCP projects and 8 UTF projects; and support through the National Forest Programme Facility to 52 countries and regional organizations.

Programme 2F: Forest management, conservation and rehabilitation

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	8,152
	Actual Income	429
	Adjusted Programme of Work	8,581
	Expenditure at budget rate	7,938
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	643
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		3,893
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	10,434
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	3,208
	TCP and SPFS delivery	2,775
	Total Field Programme delivery	16,417
Total Expenditure		28,248

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	6	(1)	5	4	1	83%
Information exchange and coordination	9	0	9	9	0	100%
Information products, systems, databases	13	(2)	11	10	1	85%
International Undertakings, Agreements	10	(1)	9	8	1	90%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	13	(4)	9	9	0	69%
Total	51	(8)	43	40	3	84%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2FA06	Forest Fire Management and Forest Health	Technical Project	FOM

Objective

Improved international, regional, national and subnational capacities to protect and sustainably manage forests (natural and planted) and woodlands. This entity includes the development of agreements, strategies and voluntary guidelines for wildland fire management to facilitate national, regional and international cooperation, It also provides advice and assistance in the protection of forests and other wooded lands from the destructive effects of wildland fires through national and community-based capacities for fire management, and in designing appropriate prevention and control measures for the protection of forests and forest lands from insects, diseases, invasive species and other threats.

Indicators

International strategy and voluntary guidelines on fire management adopted and implemented
National capacity building through training of national professionals in community-based forest fire management
Knowledge references on insects, diseases, invasive species and other threats made available through Web-based networks
Medium- and long-term national strategies to monitor and maintain forest health and strengthen national capacity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Strategy to Enhance International Cooperation in Fire Management and the Voluntary Guidelines for Fire Management were commended and supported for implementation at 18th Session of the Committee on Forestry (COFO) in 2007. The Fire Management Actions Alliance was launched at the 4th International Wildland Fire Conference in May 2007 to implement the Voluntary Guidelines. At two subregional capacity-building workshops, nine countries were introduced to the Voluntary Guidelines (available in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Korean and Indonesian Bahasa) and programmes of action were prepared for their implementation. Existing forest invasive species networks for Africa and Asia-Pacific were strengthened and expert meetings on forest health and invasive species initiated the processes for new networks in the Near East and South Cone countries. Web-based forest pest profiles were prepared for 25 countries in five regions and individual pest profiles of major insects and diseases were completed. A Global Overview of the country information is in press. Forest health and invasive species Web sites were updated, upgraded and maintained. Web-based databases on woody invasive species, insects, diseases and other pests and breeding for disease and insect resistance were prepared. The "Illustrated Guide to the State of Health of Trees: Recognition and Interpretation of Symptoms and Damage" was translated into Arabic and Spanish. Technical support in forest health was provided to TCPs (Chile, Morocco, Kenya), UTFs (Morocco and Saudi Arabia) and emergency projects (Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Kyrgyzstan), with donor support from Canada and the United States of America. The profile of forest health and invasive species issues was raised through side events and the main agenda of COFO in 2007. Preparations were initiated to co-host an FAO-IUFRO-SLU international conference on climate change and forest health in August 2008.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2FA07	Conservation and Rehabilitation of forests and woodlands ecosystems	Technical Project	FOM

Objective

Improved international, regional and national policies and practices, supported by increased capacity and collaboration, for the conservation and rehabilitation of forests and woodlands ecosystems and biological diversity, to provide sustainable economic and environmental benefits, and to mitigate environmental risks. The entity will promote and provide assistance on conservation, rehabilitation and biological diversity; develop guidelines for conservation and rehabilitation and the management of wildlife resources and protected areas, with emphasis on rural community benefits; enhance and support regional and international collaboration, dialogue, networking and partnership in this area.

Indicators

Extent of dissemination and implementation of best practices in national and regional programmes on conservation and rehabilitation of forest and woodland ecosystems and biological diversity
Countries with enhanced capacity for formulating and implementing policies for conservation and rehabilitation of forest and woodland ecosystems and biological diversity
Improved regional and global cooperation

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The African regional magazine Nature & Faune was revitalized and three issues were published. Manuals on the sustainable management of Barbary sheep resources and on human-wildlife conflict for elephants, lions and baboons were also developed. The first phase of the Central African World Heritage Forest Initiative was completed; support included coverage of three transboundary landscapes of the Congo Basin articulated around key protected areas. Support was provided to the Commission for the Forests of Central Africa in preparing seven national reviews and a regional synthesis identifying areas requiring attention for harmonization of national policies in forest conservation and management in Central Africa and a subregional agreement on forest control. In West Africa, consultations were initiated, in collaboration with the Economic Community of West African States and the West African Economic and Monetary Union, with the aim of establishing a subregional institutional forum on forest conservation and management. Preparatory work began for the 20th Session of Silva Mediterranea, to be held in April 2008, including improvement of the Web site. A regional workshop to finalize the assessment and analysis of results of Silva Mediterranea conifer species and provenance trials and a technical workshop to initiate the multistakeholder preparation of voluntary guidelines for good forestry practices in arid zones were held. Case studies on three regions were undertaken on best practices in sand dune fixation plantation management. This biennium also saw the consolidation phase of the "Acacia Operation" in Sahelian Africa and support to the "Green Wall for the Sahara" initiative. Work continued to enhance dialogue and synergy among stakeholders (local communities, non-governmental organizations and government institutions) in land, natural resources and biodiversity conservation and management programmes in Afghanistan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Nigeria.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2FP02	Sustainable Management of forests, woodlands and trees outside of forests	Continuing Programme Activity	FOM

Objective

Improved international, regional, national and subnational capacities to protect and sustainably manage all types of forests (natural and planted), woodlands and trees outside forests to provide a wide range of products and services to improve the livelihoods of local populations, while ensuring environmental benefits such as climate change mitigation and conservation of biological diversity. The entity will include knowledge sharing and networking on field implementation of all aspects of sustainable management of forests and trees; integration with other land uses to promote and support the translation of international agreements, policies and decisions into action; technical support to selected countries for national forest and integrated land-use assessment and monitoring to generate reliable information on forest resources, forest management and uses, the forest-agriculture interface, the rural-urban interface, as well as poverty, gender and indigenous issues related to forestry for national policy processes; and facilitation of agreements and dialogue in intergovernmental fora on voluntary codes of best practice for improved management of lands, forests and trees.

Indicators

Knowledge reference on field implementation of sustainable forest management
National and integrated land-use assessments
Planted Forests Code
Best practices guidance and methodologies in all types of forests, woodlands and trees outside forests
Planted forests and trees in mitigation of climate change

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Web-based case studies of field implementation of sustainable forest management documented a range of forest ecosystems in varying social, cultural, environmental and economic contexts around the globe. The "In Search of Exemplary Cases of Forest Management" initiative was launched in Latin America and work will continue in the new biennium. National forest assessments and integrated land use assessments were completed in Bangladesh, the Congo, Honduras and Zambia and continue in Brazil, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan and Nicaragua. National forest assessment project processes were initiated in Ecuador, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, nine countries in West Africa and five countries in the Near East. Field manuals were prepared on National Forest Inventory, National Forest and Land-use Assessment, and Field Data Processing and Information Analysis. A World Network of Systematic Sampling of Remote Sensing was established in collaboration with international partners. A multistakeholder process was undertaken to prepare the Voluntary Guidelines for Responsible Management of Planted Forests, which were subsequently recommended for implementation at the 18th Session of the Committee on Forestry and presented at international fora by FAO and collaborating partners. National guidelines preparation commenced in China and Lao People's Democratic Republic and was completed in New Zealand. A methodology to strengthen country capacity to implement the Voluntary Guidelines was completed and preparations began for regional workshops to formulate programmes of action for implementation. Major publications on planted forests, including "A Global Assessment of Planted Forests" (completed), "Wood from Planted Forests: a Global Outlook 2005-06" (in preparation) and "Planted Forests at the Crossroads" (final draft), address a range of social, cultural, environmental and economic aspects of planted forests, including their role in mitigating the effects of climate change and feedstock for bioenergy.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2FS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	FOM

Objective

Technical advice and information.

Indicators

Technical backstopping to field projects
Advisory missions to member countries

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The field programme continued to play an important role in linking normative activities to the field in support of member countries. Good progress was achieved overall in building country capacity in areas of sustainable forest management. Important normative work was accomplished, as mandated by member countries, by developing planted forests and fire management guidelines, oriented to policy-making and promotion of collaboration among countries in the case of fires. A process to develop guidelines for arid lands vegetation management was initiated. Many countries have already adopted these guidelines as the basis of their national policies. The programme to support forest assessment and monitoring at the national level constitutes an important support to national forest policy and planning. Work in this area, including local capacity building, has been completed in eight countries and is under way in seven; with requests for such assistance received from 30 additional countries. This programme is closely related to the global Forest Resources Assessment programme. Significant support to member countries through TCPs was achieved, especially in the fields of forest health, planted forest, forest fires, watershed management and urban forestry. Increasing efforts have been made to support countries in creating capacities to use Kyoto Protocol tools and to deal with other matters related to climate change. The wildlife programme has been activated, focusing on wildlife-human conflicts. Particular importance has been given to forest health - an issue of increasing importance due to climate change.

Programme 2G: Forest products and industry

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	8,723
	Actual Income	39
	Adjusted Programme of Work	8,762
	Expenditure at budget rate	8,536
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	226
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		5,521
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	767
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	535
	TCP and SPFS delivery	574
	Total Field Programme delivery	1,876
Total Expenditure		15,933

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	3	(1)	2	2	67%
Information exchange and coordination	8	(2)	6	6	75%
Information products, systems, databases	8	(1)	7	7	88%
International Undertakings, Agreements	3	0	3	3	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	9	0	9	9	100%
Total	31	(4)	27	27	87%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2GA01	Strengthening the Contribution of Forest Industries to Rural Development	Technical Project	FOI

Objective

This entity promotes the sustainable utilization of forest resources by strengthening national enterprises in the production and trade of forest products, in particular value-added products, for the benefit of rural populations living in or around forest resources. It deals with the social and economic contribution of forest-based industries.

Indicators

Evidence that government policy-makers are aware of the opportunities the forest industry sector provides for rural development and its contribution to poverty reduction goals

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Proceedings of the "International Conference on Tropical Plywood" organized by FAO and the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) were completed and widely distributed in early 2006. The proceedings highlight the important role of the tropical forest industry in rural development and the need to prepare national strategies for industry development An international conference on investment in the forestry sector was held in South Africa, jointly organized by ITTO, the World Bank and FAO, with the participation of industry and government representatives. Recommendations included the creation of an enabling environment to encourage small- and medium-scale industry to invest in the sector In November 2006, tropical industry representatives from the production and trade sector met in Brazil, under the International Technical Tropical Timber Association (ATIBT) Forum, and discussed the need to strengthen the collaboration between the Amazon and the Congo Basin forestry sectors. A draft version of a study was prepared on market trends in the United States of America for selected tropical timber products and for opportunities for small-scale producers from developing countries to export to the United States. Work is planned to continue during 2008-09 with market reviews for other major timber-importing countries and on small- and medium-scale forest enterprises in developing countries. The socio-economic contribution of forest industries was discussed at various meetings with industry and government representatives, particularly within the framework of the FAO Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products. The subject was presented and discussed at the 47th Session of the Committee and further discussions will take place at the 49th Session. Additionally, a publication was prepared on employment within the forestry sector.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2GP01	Best practices in forest products harvesting, utilization and appropriate industry development	Continuing Programme Activity	FOI

Objective

Wood and non-wood product utilization practices are based on a solid information foundation and reflect balanced economic, environmental and social concerns.

Indicators

Number of countries with forest products utilization policies and practices supporting sustainable use of these resources
Extent to which technologies and practices advocated by FAO are integrated into national forest products management practices

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Success of the non-wood forest product (NWFP) resource assessment guidelines is reflected by the increasing number of countries/agencies applying the guidelines in the fieldwork of forest inventories (i.e. Bhutan, Cameroon, Canada) The impact of the analysis of international trade in NWFP has been evidenced by strong interest in, and collaboration on, this topic with other international agencies and custom organizations of FAO member countries In response to reader demand ascertained through the 2005-06 auto-evaluation exercise, the publication frequency of "Non-Wood News" was increased from one to two issues per year. Its readership also increased (to over 4 000 on its mailing list). The newsletter has also increased its coverage of non-governmental organizations, gender aspects and indigenous knowledge The importance of bioenergy statistics has not yet been sufficiently recognized by planners and policy makers in the fields of energy, agriculture and forestry of the main national and international organisation and agencies. A draft pocket edition of the "Regional Code of Practice for Africa" has been prepared, and support was given to the development of a National Forest Harvesting Code for Liberia, which will be available in print from in early 2008.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2GP02	Assessment, monitoring and reporting on forest resources products and institutions	Continuing Programme Activity	FOI

Objective

International and national initiatives, policies, strategies and programmes are based on an improved awareness and understanding of forest resources and forestry trends and support sustainable forest management and sustainable use of forest products.

Indicators

Extent to which national forest policies and programmes take into account the information on forest resources, products and institutions generated by FAO in collaboration with countries.
Extent to which international initiatives and conventions take into account the information on forest resources, products and institutions generated by FAO in collaboration with countries.

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

During 2006-07, the main report of the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2005 was published in three languages in hard copy and in six languages on CD-ROM. The launch was well attended and the data were widely quoted in the press and in the scientific literature. Summaries for journalists and policy makers were prepared as well as educational materials. A series of special studies on forest and water, mangroves; bamboo, forest ownership, forest fires, pests and planted forests were prepared in collaboration with other FAO units. An expert consultation provided a positive evaluation of FRA 2005 - highlighting the increased involvement of countries as a key success factor - and guidance for FRA 2010. An auto-evaluation of forest products information highlighted a wide and intensive usage of forest products statistics: every three minutes a query is sent to FAOSTAT-Forestry, originating from 8 000 different users from over 130 countries in 2005. A specific survey (830 responses) indicated high user satisfaction: 87 percent rated the quality of FAO forest products statistics as "good or "very good". Also during this period, information on forest policies and institutions was successfully integrated into the reporting process for FRA 2010.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2GS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	FOI

Objective

Increased access to resources and benefits derived from resources

Indicators

Technical backstopping to field projects
Advice to member countries

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The project "Support to the design and development of innovative forest management schemes", TCP/HUN/3003, was managed by the FAO Subregional Office for Central and Eastern Europe in Budapest. The project work resulted in practical proposals to shift from clear-cut silviculture and harvesting to a more close-to-nature forestry, which includes also improved ecotourism and hunting possibilities. A three-year regional project (GCP/RAF/398/GER) introduced non-wood forest product (NWFP) best practices and policies and led to increased access to resources and benefits derived from resources in rural areas. A project on the impact of timber harvesting on the availability of NWFPs in the Congo Basin documented the most important NWFPs for two villages in Cameroon, including those of commercial importance, and the conflicts experienced between the timber companies and villagers. In addition, cases studies were undertaken to analyse woodfuel and charcoal production systems in Brazil, Chile, Guyana, Nepal, the Philippines and the United Republic of Tanzania, and NWFP programme activities resulted regional (GCP/RAF 398/GER and GCP/RAF/ 402/ EC) and national (TCP/BKF/3201) TCP projects. Field programme activities were covered in all three issues of "Non-Wood News" published in 2006-07; a regular subsection entitled "International Action" specifically covers "FAO in the field" and constitutes a vehicle through which field projects can inform readers of the scope and progress of their initiatives and activities. The distribution list for "Non-Wood News" includes readers from all member countries and at all levels - from universities and libraries to non-governmental organizations and forestry departments. Although the newsletter does not provide advice, it nonetheless plays an influential role by ensuring that member countries are fully informed on the latest news and trends in the field of non-wood forest products.

Programme 2H: Fisheries and aquaculture information, statistics, economics, and policy

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	17,235
	Actual Income	704
	Adjusted Programme of Work	17,939
	Expenditure at budget rate	17,418
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	521
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		22,706
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	4,795
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	0
	TCP and SPFS delivery	1,748
	Total Field Programme delivery	6,543
Total Expenditure		46,667

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	8	(2)	0	6	5	1	75%
Information exchange and coordination	13	(2)	2	13	12	1	100%
Information products, systems, databases	41	(19)	2	24	21	3	59%
International Undertakings, Agreements	8	(5)	2	5	2	3	62%
Policy and legislative advice	16	(12)	0	4	2	2	25%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	4	0	0	4	4	0	100%
Total	90	(40)	6	56	46	10	62%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HA01	Support to the Strategy for Improving Information on Status and Trends of Capture Fisheries (Strategy-STF) through FIRMS and other FIGIS Partnerships	Technical Project	FIE

Objective

Increased awareness of key fisheries issues and trends and their interrelationship with other aspects of integrated natural resource management; and better informed public debate in support of sustainable management of fisheries resources at the national and international levels, based on improved international fishery information standards and quality.

Indicators

Examples of use of information contained in the FIGIS' and FIRMS' Web site to inform public debate on policy issues affecting sustainable use of fisheries
User feedback on the use, content and usefulness of the statistics and other data

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS) framework has evolved in conformity with the recommendations of the FIGIS 2005 auto-evaluation. As a Web brand, FIGIS has disappeared, but has become instead a strong and mature system infrastructure integrating 37 information bases and powering three major Web sites (the Fishery Resources Monitoring System [FIRMS], the new Fisheries and Aquaculture [FI] Departmental site, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean [GFCM] Web site) and information management facilities including a content management system and the statistical working system. Reported by the IEE to be the third most visited FAO system, FIGIS is close to fulfilling its initial objectives of streamlining information workflow from collation to dissemination via various formats, thanks to the application of information standards throughout most FI information bases. The new FI and FIRMS sites were designed to facilitate users' access to and interpretation of information through harmonized and consistent presentation. It is still too early to assess fully their impact on a "better informed public debate". Ongoing auto-evaluations of FI programmes will reveal usability issues and inform on impact. Regarding information network partnerships, encouraging feedback was recorded on FIRMS; membership has grown from 7 to 13 organizations and a recommendation to join FIRMS was made to regional fishery bodies by the 2006 UN Review Conference on the Fish Stocks Agreement. The involvement of FIGIS in two important EU Information Society-funded projects (Networked Ontologies, and D4Sciences) is another indicator of FI's successful information management strategy: these projects will deliver cutting-edge information technology for more efficient sharing of a broader range of fisheries information, underpinning FI's lead position for expansion into new information partnerships.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HA02	Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (Including Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture) and Related Instruments	Technical Project	FIE

Objective

National and international fisheries management practices, policies and legislation better reflect principles and provisions of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, specifically including gender concerns.

Indicators

Number and examples of countries adopting the Code and implementing corresponding management practices and legislation reflecting the Code's provisions
Number of international fishery instruments adopted in support of the sustainable use of fishery resources
Reports and policy recommendations on issues, including emerging issues, with implications for fisheries and aquaculture

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The 27th session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) in 2007 addressed the implementation of the Code and its related instruments in detail, noting that while there had been progress, greater attention was required to broaden and deepen implementation. Progress has also been recorded with the instruments concluded within the Code's framework. The number of national plans of action (NPOAs) increased during the biennium: NPOAs-IUU to 35, many of them prepared with FAO's technical input; NPOAs-seabirds to 7; approximately 10 NPOAs-capacity; and about 5 NPOAs-sharks. Several regional plans of action in Africa, Asia and Latin America were concluded to implement the IPOA-IUU and the IPOA-capacity. COFI recommended that further intensive work on the implementation of the IPOA-sharks continue. Work was initiated to determine the extent of the implementation of the Code in a more technical and detailed manner. The results, to be reported on at the 2009 COFI session, will provide an indication on a time-series basis of the extent of implementation since 2000. Capacity building to support the implementation of the Code remains a priority and a significant proportion of women are being trained (>20 per cent per workshop). Capacity building has focused strongly on the implementation of the IPOA-IUU and the implementation of Port State measures for the FAO Model Scheme. FAO continues to promote the implementation of the Code regionally, in partnership with regional organizations and institutions. The merits of encouraging regional cooperation for efficiency reasons are well recognized in FAO. A major activity focused on the development of a binding international instrument on Port State measures. If agreed at COFI in 2009, this instrument will be a major contribution to international law. Arrangements for the auto-evaluation of the entity were concluded in the biennium, the results of which will be reported on at the end of the next biennium.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HP01	Provision of Fisheries Information and Statistics	Continuing Programme Activity	FIE

Objective

Availability of comprehensive, standardized global fisheries information and statistics and wide use by governments and other stakeholders to promote awareness of key fisheries issues and trends in support of decision-making, as well as to serve policy formulation in the sector.

Indicators

Examples of FAO's fishery statistics cited and/or utilized in national and international policy debate
Use and usefulness of FAO's fisheries statistics, information and publications in advocating sustainable fisheries management

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

FAO fishery and aquaculture statistics were updated and disseminated (on CD-ROM, the Web and in yearbooks). Greater detail in statistical classifications for species and commodities contributed to an improvement in quality. Countries' use of electronic questionnaires to report statistics continued to increase. Part One of "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture" relies heavily on FAO fishery statistics. The FishCode-STF project continued to support implementation of the Strategy for Improving Information on Status and Trends of Capture Fisheries (Strategy-STF) through the organization of four regional workshops, each with follow-up activities. The Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) continued to lead the development of norms and standards for international fishery statistics. The Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Partnership expanded further with the addition of eight partners; the database reached 1.2 million records and usage continued to grow. Guidelines for bibliographic description and data entry were produced and free access to ASFA was provided to over 50 LIFDC countries. The Fishery Resources Monitoring System (FIRMS) Partnership expanded to 13 regional fishery bodies and other agencies. A FIRMS Web site was launched at the United Nations. Standard international formats for ontologies were implemented to improve search functionality and information exchange. The launch of a new FI Departmental Web site provided an improved entry point to more comprehensive global fisheries and aquaculture information. The FI publication programme produced a better and more streamlined product line with broader online dissemination and a large retrospective digitization of FI publications was undertaken, enabling Web and CD dissemination. The UN Atlas of the Oceans Web site and the FIGIS database were, respectively, the first and third most visited FAO systems, according to the IEE report.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HP04	Global socioeconomic analysis of fisheries and aquaculture and of their contribution to food security, poverty alleviation and economic growth	Continuing Programme Activity	FIE

Objective

Generated knowledge and critical information made available for global, regional and national policy-making and through capacity building, leading to improved identification and funding of services and productive assets by public-sector administrations and private-sector enterprises for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture development; enhanced international and regional collaboration based on a more accurate and common understanding of long-term trends and emerging issues.

Indicators

Examples and success stories of improved resource allocation and investment decisions of public and private stakeholders using FAO's outlook studies and analyses
Examples of emerging consensus on fisheries issues and policies at the international and/or regional levels based on the use of, or citing, FAO studies

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Considerable progress was made in the implementation of this programme entity, which is particularly broad and ambitious in its coverage. Reports were produced and circulated and/or presented to a large audience for feedback, as appropriate. The response was largely positive, with member countries providing inputs and/or suggesting additional fields for analysis. The 2006 edition of the Department's biennial flagship publication "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture" was prepared and distributed as programmed, in time for the meeting of the Committee on Fisheries in March 2007. A useful lesson learned in implementing this programme entity was the importance of wide consultation with member countries, as well as other stakeholders.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HS02	Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries and Aquaculture Bodies and Arrangements	Technical Service Agreement	FIE

Objective

To ensure a sustainable and responsible development of fisheries and aquaculture through the adoption at the global and regional level of the appropriate guidance, principles, standards and measures.

Indicators

Level of participation in FAO Regional Fishery Bodies, number and nature of measures adopted and their implementation
Support provided by FAO to non-FAO RFBs, RFMOs and arrangements
FAO participation in negotiations, discussions and work of UN and other intergovernmental organizations

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The 27th Session of Committee on Fisheries (COFI-27), the First Meeting of the Regional Fishery Body Secretariats Network (RSN-1) and a meeting among ten regional fishery bodies (RFBs) established under the FAO Constitution were organized and supported through this programme. Strengthening the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) and their performance became one of the stand-alone agenda items for the first time at COFI, while COFI urged FAO to ensure that it continued to assert its international leadership as the only global fisheries body and agreed that FAO must maintain its high profile on global fisheries affairs. One new non-FAO Regional Fishery Arrangement, the South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement was agreed and signed with support from FAO. FAO also participated in the establishment of the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization. A number of non-FAO RFBs, such as the International Commission on Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, were observed by FI staff in order to strengthen collaboration between FAO and those bodies. The review process of the UN Fish Stock Agreement by the United Nations, in which FAO was an active participant, also highlighted the important role of RFBs. A joint meeting of tuna RFMOs was held in Kobe, Japan, with the technical cooperation of FAO. FAO also analyses and maintains information on RFBs and responds to enquiries relating to RFBs; as part of this work the FI Web pages on RFBs were revised and updated as part of the new FI Website.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HS03	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	FIE

Objective

The secondary users will have access to a detailed assessment of policy issues and to suggestions for how they should be tackled, formulated by experienced analysts. Local analysts will have an understanding of the procedures and judgements which have gone into the formulation of the policy recommendations. This will facilitate acceptance of new policies by national policy making bodies.

Indicators

Percent of requests handled to satisfaction of Member requesting assistance
Number of countries developing, modifying or implementing policies and plans for control of access and exploitation of their capture fisheries resources or for an efficient and sustainable development of aquaculture

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Budget constraints did not allow the Division to carry out much of this programme entity. Some activities could be undertaken with funds from TCP or extra-budgetary funding. For major output 004, budget cuts necessitated the abolition of a post dedicated to fishery statistical development, so technical assistance services were maintained through consultants and activities led by the FishCode-STF project, either through Technical Cooperation Programme projects or directly. The ARTFISH suite of software for data collection and processing through sample surveys was made available as downloads from a dedicated Web site.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2HS04	Support to COFI and associated Meetings	Technical Service Agreement	FIE

Objective

Development and adoption at a global level of commitments, recommendations and instruments on principles and standards providing guidance for ensuring the sustainable development of responsible fisheries and aquaculture, improving the status of the resources and associated ecosystems and strengthening their role and contribution to food security, economic growth, povert alleviation and human well-being.

Indicators

Participation in COFI and associated meetings (Ministerial Meeting)

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The 27th Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) was held in March 2007. The Committee reviewed issues of an international character and FAO's programme of work in fisheries and aquaculture; urged FAO to continue asserting its international leadership as the only global fisheries body and agreed that it must maintain its high profile in global fisheries affairs; stressed that continued efforts were imperative to further promote the implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and its related instruments; endorsed the report of the 10th Session of the Sub-Committee on Fish Trade and, in doing so, recognized the importance of traceability for fish trade; welcomed the MoU between FAO and CITES; endorsed the report of the 3rd Session of the Sub-Committee on Aquaculture; reaffirmed its trust in FAO for its coordinating role in advancing the global aquaculture agenda and welcomed the recent change in the name of the FAO Fisheries Department to the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department; highlighted the importance of addressing the socio-economic impacts of aquaculture and other issues, such as improving planning and policy development at national/regional levels and noted that IUU fishing remained a persistent/complex problem. Member countries agreed to start a process leading to the adoption of a legally binding international instrument based on a voluntary FAO model scheme that outlines recommended "Port State" control measures. FAO was requested to continue supporting RFMOs. Options to give greater prominence to small-scale fisheries in the FAO's Programme of Work were presented (including the establishment of a specific programme of work supported by extra-budgetary funding). A High-Level Special Event on "The Role of Aquaculture in Sustainable Development" (November 2007) addressed the topic in a broad sense and its contribution to economic development, governance, human and institutional capacity and environmental aspects.

Programme 2I: Fisheries and aquaculture management and conservation

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	12,433
	Actual Income	997
	Adjusted Programme of Work	13,430
	Expenditure at budget rate	13,228
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	202
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		9,046
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	4,099
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	4,094
	TCP and SPFS delivery	1,651
	Total Field Programme delivery	9,844
Total Expenditure		32,118

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	1	(1)	0	0	0	0	0%
Information exchange and coordination	22	(13)	3	12	9	3	55%
Information products, systems, databases	22	(18)	7	11	7	4	50%
International Undertakings, Agreements	1	0	1	2	1	1	200%
Policy and legislative advice	1	0	1	2	2	0	200%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	36	(17)	2	21	19	2	58%
Total	83	(49)	14	48	38	10	58%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2IP01	Monitoring, Management and Conservation of Fishery Resources	Continuing Programme Activity	FIM

Objective

Improved national and regional capacity to conserve and manage capture fisheries for food security and sustainable socio-economic development.

Indicators

Delivery of an indicator of the state of world stocks every two years
Contribution to the UN Global Marine Assessment (GMA)
Improvement of the available guidance on fisheries management
Development of a Technical Knowledge Network on fisheries conservation and management
Examples of use of FAO's statistics and tools in national government planning processes, regional and international accords and fishery management practices
Reference to FAO's fisheries outlook studies in national and/or international planning processes and accords and management practices that support sustainable management of fisheries
Number/examples of countries making policy and strategy adjustments, using FAO methodologies, and explicitly considering local resource conditions and national goals

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Species identification sheets and catalogues continue to be in high demand within FAO and by member countries, government and non-government organizations, universities and independent experts. Identification sheets were produced for the West and East Indian Oceans and the East Central Pacific and the East Central Atlantic Oceans. The most recent state of the world marine fishery resources was reported on in the 2006 edition of "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture". The state of the world's highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species was assessed and a study was made on global fishery resources of tuna and tuna-like species. Technical support was provided in assessing and mitigating the impacts of hydropower development on inland fisheries. The available guidance on fisheries management was improved through a range of activities and publications. Technical papers were published on stock assessment and models for the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). Overall, four technical papers, five fishery reports, two fishery circulars and a number of other publications were released. Work on guidelines for the use of marine protected areas in fisheries management and on management of deepwater, high-seas bottom fisheries is ongoing. With additional extra-budgetary contributions, support was provided to the planning and implementation of EAF, particularly to countries in West and Southwest Africa, Brazil and Papua New Guinea, leading to improved understanding and progress towards implementation. Workshops on assessment and management of queen conch and of demersal and pelagic resources in the CECAF countries were held. FAO cooperated extensively with CITES on issues relating to commercially exploited aquatic species considered to be threatened by international trade, including the evaluation of seven proposals on exploited aquatic species submitted to the 14th COP to CITES.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2IP02	Monitoring, Management and Conservation of Resources for Aquaculture Development	Continuing Programme Activity	FIM

Objective

Enhanced awareness at national and international levels; promotion in national policies of the sustainable use of aquaculture resources, as well as greater technical capacity of groups operating in the sector, such as civil society, producer organizations and NGOs, to manage resources according to these principles. Improved technical capacity of developing countries at the local, national and regional levels to implement efficient practices for sustainable intensification of aquaculture production systems. Improved national capacity to identify and pursue policies and management practices promoting sustainable development of aquaculture, and enhanced regional and international coordination in relation to this goal.

Indicators

Evidence of adoption by government agencies, NGOs and other private sector actors of practices and policies, as advocated by FAO, for sustainable development of aquaculture
Examples of methodologies, developed by FAO, in use by government agencies, international organizations, civil society organizations and farmer/producer organizations
Evidence of enhanced regional and international cooperation in promoting sustainable development of aquaculture

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Of the programme entity's 60 planned biennial outputs, by the end of 2007, it had completed only 25 and postponed 13, cancelled 12 and modified 10, due to significant budgetary cuts (35 per cent of reduction in non-staff resources) encountered during the biennium. It convened the 3rd Session of the COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture and a number of FAO regional statuary body meetings related to aquaculture such as CIFAA, GFCM and RECOFI. Other major work included the development of guidelines on aquaculture certification; risk analysis, assessment and management in aquaculture; technical guidelines on aquatic animal health management and safe transboundary movement of live aquatic species; responsible use of feed and seed; responsible use of alien species in aquaculture; and conservation and responsible use of aquatic biodiversity for aquaculture. Work continued work on analysing and reporting on the state of world aquaculture and a major review entitled "State of World Aquaculture 2006" was published, based on seven regional studies and reviews undertaken by the entity. Specialized aquaculture databases and information systems were developed and 110 National Aquaculture Sector Overviews, 50 National Aquaculture Legislation Overviews and 50 Aquaculture Species Fact Sheets were produced. The entity continued its active participation in the GESAMP and other UN inter-agency work. With extra-budgetary funding support from Japan, studies were undertaken on sustainable aquaculture, focusing on issues such as use of wild resources as seed and feed for aquaculture; quality and safety of aquaculture products; environmental impact assessment and monitoring procedures in aquaculture; and the ecosystem approach to aquaculture. Thirty-six technical workshops and statutory body meetings and/or sessions were organized and 54 high-quality technical publications were produced.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2IS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme in the area of Fishery Resources	Technical Service Agreement	FIM

Objective

Satisfy needs of governments, NGOs and the fishing industry for an authoritative and neutral source of advice in support of improved and more sustainable use of fishery resources.

Indicators

Number of missions undertaken in FAO member countries

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

This programme entity (PE) continues to be a major activity for the Organization despite its limited resources. The demand from member countries for technical support remains high and every effort is made to respond within the resources available. In addition, FI strives to achieve good synergies between this PE and PE 2IP01 - Monitoring, Management and Conservation of Fishery Resources. The regional activities described there, including those with extra-budgetary support, frequently enable FAO to provide direct technical support to Members. Through such synergies, it has been possible to provide support to, for example, the Lesser Antilles countries participating in the Lesser Antilles Pelagic Ecosystem (LAPE) project; Angola, Namibia and South Africa on the implementation of EAF; CECAF member countries, GFCM member countries, WECAFC members countries with important fisheries for Caribbean spiny lobster and queen conch, and Indonesia in relation to fisheries for humphead wrasse. In addition, during the biennium, the project development phase of the UTF project "Gestion pesquera en Uruguay", 2007 was successfully completed and implementation started. The GEF project identification form "Piloting of an Ecosystem-based Approach to Uruguayan Coastal Fisheries" was completed and submitted to GEF. For Guatemala, the project TCP/GUA/3101 (A) "Apoyo a la Ordenacion de Pesquerias de Camarones y fortalecimiento Institucional de la Autoridad Pesquera, Fase II" was successfully completed and the final report delivered to the Guatemalan authorities. A project proposal was developed on "Support to the Fisheries Resources Appraisal in Pakistan" and is planned for implementation as a UTF project in 2008. The project "Capacity Enhancement of NARA for Marine Resource Surveys and Stock Assessments in Coastal Waters of Sri Lanka" was also developed and will be implemented in 2008 with extra-budgetary support.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2IS02	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme in the area of Aquaculture	Technical Service Agreement	FIM

Objective

To assist the Members and other related public sectors through providing technical advice / backstopping and field project formulation / implementation in the field of aquaculture and inland fisheries.

Indicators

Provision of technical advice

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The programme entity (PE) continued to account for about 35 per cent of FIMA's overall staff resources in providing technical information and advice to member countries and technical service and support to FAO's aquaculture-related field programmes and/or projects. Four training manuals were produced, on oyster disease control, operation of bivalve hatchery, Penaeus monodon hatchery management, and GIS-based tools for inland aquatic resources management. Six training courses were organized in partnership with national or regional institutions/organizations on various subject areas, including fish disease investigation and diagnostic guides, GIS use in fishery resources management, genetic management of fish (tilapia) stock in sub-Saharan Africa, mollusc health management, and RAIS (RECOFI Regional Aquaculture Information System). Technical information and FAO aquaculture publications were provided on request to members and individuals and numerous enquiries (including through "Ask FAO") and requests for technical advice were responded to. The PE provided technical inputs and backstopping to field projects on aquaculture or with an aquaculture component for 23 TCPs in 2006 and 28 in 2007; 12 National Programmes for Food Security in 2006-07; 7 regional and national programmes under the South-South Cooperation scheme with an aquaculture component, and 11 aquaculture-related Trust Fund projects (both GCP and UTF) operating in 10 countries. In addition, it supervised more than 20 TeleFood projects in the field of aquaculture during the biennium.

Programme 2J: Fisheries and aquaculture products and industry

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	8,368
	Actual Income	773
	Adjusted Programme of Work	9,141
	Expenditure at budget rate	8,918
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	223
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		1,854
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	3,526
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	19,214
	TCP and SPFS delivery	886
	Total Field Programme delivery	23,626
Total Expenditure		34,398

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	13	(3)	0	10	10	77%
Information exchange and coordination	7	(1)	0	6	6	86%
Information products, systems, databases	5	0	0	5	5	100%
International Undertakings, Agreements	4	0	0	4	4	100%
Policy and legislative advice	1	0	0	1	1	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	17	(3)	3	17	17	100%
Total	47	(7)	3	43	43	91%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2JA02	Implementation of MCS	Technical Project	FII

Objective

Improved national MCS capacity and international cooperation on MCS.

Indicators

Reduction in IUU fishing activities, demonstrated through case studies
Best practices identified through international consultation and consensus

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing continues to be a high priority at the national, regional and international levels and it remained a major agenda item for the FAO Committee on Fisheries in 2007. In addition to ongoing activities in this area, new activities proposed within the biennium include making better use of vessel monitoring system (VMS) technology to improve Port State Measures, MCS (monitoring, control and surveillance) and safety at sea. A feasibility study on the development of a comprehensive global record of fishing vessels was also undertaken under this programme entity.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2JA03	Capacity Building for Aquaculture and Small-Scale Fisheries Development	Technical Project	FII

Objective

Strengthened capacity of target groups for cost-efficient and safe fishing operations; enhanced participation in coastal management and socio-economic development; improved disaster preparedness.

Indicators

Improved capacity of fishery officers and fishing community leaders as a result of training
Uptake of guidelines and techniques

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Guidelines to meet the credit needs for inland capture fisheries development and conservation in Asia were formulated with the involvement of fisheries officers and representatives of financial institutions. Representatives of fishers' associations, women's self-help groups and cooperatives, as well as fisheries officers and academics, participated in national workshops in India and the Philippines to exchange experiences and lessons learned on the development and implementation of micro-enterprises and increasing access to markets. The guidelines, experiences and lessons learned were published for dissemination. Studies on the social, economic and environmental impacts of beach seining were initiated in selected countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In Mozambique, the findings of the study were presented to fisheries and environment officers and other stakeholders, paving the way for discussions and reconsideration of fisheries regulations affecting small-scale fisheries. FAO's work on disasters in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, as well as lessons learned and experiences gained on how to improve disaster response, preparedness and prevention in these sectors, were consolidated and published. Publications on scantlings of wooden fishing vessels and building an undecked fibreglass reinforced plastic boat are being prepared.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2JP01	Utilization, safety and quality of fishery products	Continuing Programme Activity	FII

Objective

Improved capacity of developing countries in meeting international handling, safety and quality requirements; reduced post-harvest losses, detentions and rejections of products from exporting developing countries; increased market shares of developing countries.

Indicators

Countries with fish inspection services accredited by importing countries, partly due to this entity
Evidence of reduced fish rejection and detentions
evidence of reduced post harvest losses

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Member countries received valuable support towards improving fish utilization, safety and quality in the form of technical assistance, training, workshops, expert meetings and provision of information. Likewise, FAO and Codex Alimentarius members and relevant Codex committees benefited from the work under this programme entity (PE) to advance the development of relevant standards and codes of practice having an impact on international fish trade and post-harvest practices. Recent developments in the requirements of major fish and seafood markets, including those of retailers and industry, were taken into account in efforts to improve capacity, especially in developing countries, to meet these emerging requirements. Expertise and scientific advice were mobilized to address major issues in fish utilization and marketing, from both the normative and the field perspectives. Special focus was given to aquaculture in view of the significant development of this sector.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2JP02	Fish trade and marketing	Continuing Programme Activity	FII

Objective

Improved access to fish marketing and trade information and capacity of analysts, policy-makers and negotiators of developing countries to identify and effectively pursue trade opportunities.

Indicators

Consolidated market shares and participation of developing countries in fish trade processes and agreements as the result of assistance
Increased participation of Members in fish trade negotiations and in sessions of the COFI Sub-Committee on Fish Trade

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Under this programme entity, the provision of marketing and trade information, capacity building in developing countries and guidance on the main trade issues has continued and expanded, in collaboration with the Fish Info Network and other organizations (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Trade Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). There has been particular focus on the challenges and threats of globalization on international fish supply and trade, the increasing role of retailers and the development of market instruments to improve fisheries management and the state of the resources and to reduce the negative environmental impact of fisheries and aquaculture. The agenda of the 10th session of the Committee on Fisheries Subcommittee on Fish Trade was refreshed to enable members to debate and advance both the recurrent and emerging issues relating to international fish trade and marketing.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2JP03	Improving the safety of fishing operations	Continuing Programme Activity	FII

Objective

Standards related to the design, construction and equipment of fishing vessels; standards related to the operational safety of fishers; coherent national sea safety programmes.

Indicators

Reduction in loss of life at sea
Safety standards
National sea safety programmes

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

FAO played an active role, together with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in the development of new safety standards, i.e. the Safety Recommendations for small fishing vessels that are not covered by the revised FAO/ILO/IMO Fishing Vessel Safety Code and Voluntary Guidelines. This task was extended to include the development of practical guidelines to assist Competent Authorities to implement the provisions of the Code, Voluntary Guidelines and Safety Recommendations. The Organization was active in developing a new ILO standard on work in the fishing sector, i.e. The Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No.188), which was adopted in 2007 and will, together with its accompanying Recommendation (No. 199), apply to all fishers and all fishing vessels engaged in commercial fishing operations. Within the framework of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission and with technical support from FAO, a regional workshop on Small Scale Fisheries in the South West Indian Ocean was organised in Comoros, in December 2006. The study, which was the main discussion paper at the workshop, was published by FAO in 2007 as Fisheries Circular No. 1024/1. A regional workshop was held in Peru in July 2007 as part of the FAO Global Project on Safety at Sea for Small-Scale Fisheries in Developing Countries (GCP/GLO/158/SWE). This was a follow-on activity of the Study on Safety at Sea in artisanal and small scale fisheries conducted in selected countries in the region. In collaboration with the Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO) and the Alaska Field Station of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States of America, FAO co-sponsored the third International Fishing Industry Safety and Health Conference (IFISH 3) in Mahabalipuram, Chennai, India, in February 2006.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2JS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	FII

Objective

Enhanced sustainability of fisheries

Indicators

Evidence of responsible fisheries

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Technical support services were provided to Members and the field programme in the areas of fisheries exploitation and utilization. During the rehabilitation and reconstruction following the 2004 tsunami, FAO has been assisting governments in actions that will improve the safety of fishing vessels and fishermen, fish marketing and livelihoods. The programme entity conceived and established, with support from the Swedish Government, the Coordinating and Technical Support Unit to Tsunami Rehabilitation in Fisheries and Aquaculture (CTSU). Staffed with experts based at FAO headquarters in Rome and at the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, the CTSU has assisted in the preparation of national strategies, the preparation and implementation of medium-to-long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes and activities in tsunami-affected countries. The unit has also served to enhance regional collaboration and coordination. Under the supervision of the FAO Fisheries Tsunami Task Force, the CTSU and technical officers assist governments in the affected countries to "build back better" and to rehabilitate and improve the livelihoods of fishing communities. To date, the work of this unit has resulted in a portfolio of approved projects having a total budget exceeding US$30 million.

Programme 2K: Sustainable natural resources management

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	27,819
	Actual Income	1,941
	Adjusted Programme of Work	29,760
	Expenditure at budget rate	30,421
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	(661)
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		15,211
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	66,678
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	33,121
	TCP and SPFS delivery	6,458
	Total Field Programme delivery	106,257
Total Expenditure		151,889

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	25	(4)	0	21	20	1	84%
Information exchange and coordination	13	0	0	13	13	0	100%
Information products, systems, databases	25	(2)	0	23	23	0	92%
International Undertakings, Agreements	13	0	0	13	13	0	100%
Policy and legislative advice	19	(1)	0	18	17	1	95%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	27	(4)	2	25	21	4	93%
Total	122	(11)	2	113	107	6	93%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KA01	Agricultural Water Use Efficiency, Quality and Conservation	Technical Project	NRL

Objective

Enhanced agricultural water use efficiency and water productivity under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Modernization of irrigation and drainage systems and related institutional reforms, including more participatory approaches to irrigation management on the part of water users and communities. Improved capacity to formulate policy frameworks for agricultural water, including transboundary water resources management. More effective strategies relating to water scarcity, water quality management and related environmental impact mitigation measures.

Indicators

Extent of adoption by the end-users and secondary-users of the outputs (or "knowledge" products) delivered by the [?]ntity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

This programme entity (PE) addresses agricultural water scarcity by targeting two major coping strategies: increased water use efficiency and water productivity; and enhanced conservation (in terms of both quantity and quality) of the water resource. The PE has generated processing tools, guidelines, methodologies and major policy and strategy documents. The new CROPWAT model for irrigation scheduling was completed and the AQUACROP prototype model to determine "yield response to water" of many field and vegetable crops was progressed to an advanced stage and is in high demand from governmental agencies, CGIAR and extension services. Additional tools to address the planning and design of land drainage systems were also completed, while the evaluation performance of subsurface drainage systems was initiated. Guidelines for modernization of irrigation systems were completed and the methodology (MASSCOTE) was adopted in a number of Asian countries. The methodology was extended to incorporate pressurized systems. In terms of policy and strategy, documents on "Groundwater and the Agricultural Transition" and "Irrigation Investment Opportunities in Sub Saharan Africa" were developed. Particularly relevant were the activities related to the strategies for improved water quality management that focused on arsenic contamination of irrigation water and contamination propagated through the food chain. As a result of the auto-evaluation conducted during the previous biennium, PE 2KA05 and PE 211S2 were incorporated into PE 2KA01 and the major outputs were reduced from 11 to 5 in number. This allowed better integration of water quality, technology and water productivity aspects during the formulation of biennial outputs, as well as the optimal allocation of financial resources and improved performance efficiency of human resources.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KA05	Land Tenure, Agrarian Reform and Access to Natural Resources	Technical Project	NRL

Objective

Enhanced functioning of national systems to provide access to land and other natural resources, and increased land tenure security for the rural poor.

Indicators

Number of countries considering improvements to systems of access to land and natural resources and land tenure security, based on FAO's advice

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Access to land is a crucial factor in eradicating hunger and rural poverty, and in improving rural conditions. Outputs supported the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, hosted by Brazil in 2006, and follow-up activities include regional FAO projects for Africa, Asia and Latin America. Guidelines on good governance in land tenure and administration were published and widely disseminated. Together with OCHA, OHCHR, UN-Habitat and UNHCR guidelines on "Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons" were produced and disseminated. National briefs on land tenure issues following natural disasters were prepared for Honduras, Indonesia, Mozambique and the Philippines. Preliminary research materials were prepared during 2006-07 for guidelines that will be finalized and published during 2008-09 on resolving land tenure issues following natural disasters, the acquisition of land by the state and the payment of compensation, improved tenure security through improved access to information, land registration and securing of access to rural land, gender-sensitive territorial delimitation, and land consolidation within the framework of the European Union's Rural Development Programme for 2007-13. Guidelines covering these topics will be finalized, published and disseminated during 2008-09. During 2006-07, guidelines produced during previous biennia were actively disseminated in print and electronic form. Guidelines were made available in all the official languages of FAO. The design and implementation of PE 2KA05 draws on the analysis of the 2005-06 auto-evaluation of PE 253A1, specifically to ensure good quality by maintaining a small number of outputs on key themes and using a comprehensive review process; to improve the dissemination strategy; and to continue to build key partnerships for the implementation of outputs, with the partnership with UN-Habitat as the model.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KA06	Integrated Land, Water and Production Systems Policies, Planning and Management	Technical Project	NRL

Objective

To promote integrated, multidisciplinary and multistakeholder approaches to the development and sustainable management of land and water resources.

Indicators

Examples of effective in situ application of methodologies and technologies for integrated management of land and water, addressing resource access and benefit sharing issues
Examples of wetland development and/or protection programmes based on FAO's capacity building, or initiated as a result of FAO's awareness-raising activities.
Changes in policy or institutional environment resulting from FAO-supported land and water policy reviews and advice
Evidence of improved preparedness of countries for assessing vulnerability and mitigating land- and water-related constraints and disasters

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Activities carried out during this biennium contributed to a more multidisciplinary approach to natural resource management. Progress was achieved in understanding agriculture-wetland interactions and in developing sustainable wetland management guidance, in collaboration with the Ramsar Convention. Field guidelines for integrated soil and water management at field level were developed as part of the broader "farmer field school" approach developed by FAO, and work was undertaken in the area of guidance and practical implementation of payments for environmental services in watersheds. Mutual support between regular programme and field projects in natural resource management allowed for cross-fertilization, particularly in relation to the preparation of Transboundary Ecosystem Management project in eastern Africa, the Land Degradation Assessment in Dryland Areas project, and the preparation of TERRAFRICA and Sustainable Land Management Initiatives. A network and Web site on strategic planning and management were developed in the Asia and the Pacific Region, and an international conference was held in Thailand in 2007, "Managing the Land-Water Coastal Interface in Tropical Delta Systems". Progress was made in the assessment and guidance of drought management and preparedness, with specific focus on the Near East, through case studies on conservation agriculture; and on the knowledge and policy implications of climate change in terms of adaptation and mitigation in the field of land and water management. Reports were prepared on climate change and water and on soil carbon sequestration, and preliminary work was undertaken on the potential for aquifer recharge enhancement. Work also began on the preparation of guidelines and a workshop on spate irrigation in arid land, guidance on economic assessment of water-harvesting techniques at farm level, and support in developing globally important agricultural heritage projects in several countries and regions.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KA07	Forests and Water	Technical Project	FOM

Objective

Enhanced national awareness, increased dialogue and an enabling policy environment relating to the role of forests and trees, and related practices such as watershed management, in the conservation of water resources.

Indicators

Extent of enhanced exchange of best practices on watershed management
Examples of national policy promoting the role of forests and integrated watershed management in water resources use

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Four field projects were implemented with the active participation of local/national stakeholders in Cuba, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan; two projects were started in Pakistan and Turkey; and two projects were designed and will start in the next biennium in the Fouta Djallon area in West Africa and in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Around 60 key partners from at least 19 countries (Cuba, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, countries of the Fouta Djallon area, countries of Mekong River Commission) received assistance and were also supported in strengthening or establishing collaborative relationships. Support was provided to 15 countries (Cuba, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, countries of the Fouta Djallon area) and five regional institutions (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Mekong Commission, African Union, European Union Forestry Commission, International Consortium on Landslides) in developing improved policies and action programmes. Eight major publications were issued and disseminated among approximately 550 readers in 75 countries and five articles were published in international source books and journals, or presented at international conferences. Ten workshops and training events were conducted in five countries (Pakistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkey) each attended by around 40 participants. In line with the objectives of the programme entity, the above outcomes contributed to enhancing awareness, dialogue and exchange of good practices in 15 countries drawn from five regions and/or in five international forums. Regional or subregional networks on forest hydrology and watershed management were also strengthened in Europe, Latin America, the Fouta Djallon area, the Mekong Basin and the Himalayas.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KA09	Impact of Fishing on the Environment	Technical Project	FII

Objective

Improved management practices, technologies and policies to reduce adverse environmental impacts from fishing operations.

Indicators

Changes in fishing technologies and management schemes induced

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

A global study on shrimp fisheries was prepared in 2007. Part 1 reviewed the development and current status of shrimp fisheries, focusing on direct and indirect social, economic and environmental impacts, while Part II presented a series of case studies of shrimp fisheries from ten countries. The study provided a review of situations, problems and issues, as well as solutions and trade-offs that have been made. It highlighted the problems of using single-species management for multispecies fisheries. One lesson learned is that critical information on the magnitude of fish bycatch landings, how the catch is utilized and the status of specific bycatch species remain unclear for many tropical shrimp fisheries. The study highlighted the need for further work on management solutions to control access and reduce fishing effort. Under the GEF-funded project on reducing bycatch in shrimp fisheries, a technical guidebook was published in five languages (English, Spanish, French, Arabic and Indonesian), increasing its accessibility to those engaged in bycatch management and discard reduction. A lesson learned is that there is a major step from legislation to implementation of technical measures in developing countries. A series of national and regional workshops were successfully conducted to facilitate implementation of turtle excluder devices and by-catch reduction devices. A film, "Potted Shrimps", was produced with the Television Trust for the Environment branch of the British Broadcasting Corporation; the film focuses on the success of this project and was broadcast internationally in three languages.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KP01	Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)	Continuing Programme Activity	NRD

Objective

Negotiation, implementation and management of national and international policy and regulatory frameworks, intergovernmental agreements and codes of conduct for the conservation and sustainable utilization of all components of biodiversity and genetic resources relevant to food and agriculture. Appropriate orientation given to FAO's work on all components of genetic resources and biodiversity for food and agriculture, and inclusion of related ethical considerations in FAO's work.

Indicators

Effective guidance by FAO Members in relation to GRFA
Sectoral and general instruments on biodiversity and genetic resources for food and agriculture negotiated, adopted and in force
Support by Governments and civil society for FAO's work on biodiversity and genetic resources for food and agriculture
Evidence of mainstreaming of ethics in FAO's work

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) is the only intergovernmental body specifically addressing biodiversity and genetic resources for food and agriculture. Major achievements during this biennium include: the 11th Regular Session of the CGRFA, including the adoption of its rolling 10-year Multi-year Programme of Work, which ensures technical and policy coherence within FAO and with other forums; the International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (for which the CGRFA acted as preparatory committee), where the first comprehensive worldwide assessment of The State of Animal Genetic Resources, prepared on the basis of 169 country reports, was presented and the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the Interlaken Declaration, which provide an internationally agreed framework for the sound management of animal genetic resources, was adopted; the first session of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (facilitated by the CGRFA Secretariat), where the Standard Material Transfer Agreement was adopted. The decision of FAO's internal Committee on Ethics to resume its work and to re-establish its Sub-Committee, to coordinate relevant work of the different departments, demonstrates FAO's continued effort to mainstream ethics in its work.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KP02	Land and Water Knowledge Management, Information Systems, Databases and Statistics	Continuing Programme Activity	NRL

Objective

Better managed land and water resources through information systems for monitoring, and increased awareness among decision-makers about the global status of such resources.

Indicators

Examples of action taken (policies, programmes) to manage or protect land and water resources more effectively, in part thanks to the awareness created by this entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

This programme entity addresses FAO's mandate to collect, analyse and disseminate information relevant to agriculture, with particular emphasis on land, soil and water. A harmonized world reference base for soil resources was published (WSR 103) and guidelines were prepared for harmonized soil description. A beta version of the harmonized world soil database was prepared in cooperation with EU, ISRIC, IIASA and CAS and made available online. The soil and terrain database for Central Africa was published as LWDMS CD-ROM 32. A beta version of an updated and expanded global agro-ecological zones product was developed with IIASA. The AgroMaps georeferenced database was updated for Africa and the Web site redesigned to enhance access and download of raw and processed data and to facilitate rapid updating. The AQUASTAT main country database was completely redesigned in Oracle. The Africa Dams Database was updated and presented to the inter-agency working group on the global map of dams. Work began on developing a methodology to include gender-disaggregated data on water and agriculture in collaboration with CAWTAR. Updating the countries of the Near East, Central Asia and southern and eastern Asia is ongoing and a mission was undertaken to China. The digital global map of irrigation areas was updated in collaboration with the University of Frankfurt, resulting in a joint FAO/UF publication and LWDMS CD-ROM 34 "Global map of irrigation areas: version 4.0.1". World Water Day 2007 in Rome was prepared by NRLW. Kick-off meetings were held for the preparation of World Water Assessment Programme (WWDR-3) as well as for the preparation of and participation in WWF 5. The NRLW Web site was completely redesigned and the databases on the status of land and water resources (SOLAW) were updated and enhanced.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KP04	Economics of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability	Continuing Programme Activity	ESA

Objective

Increased awareness of the economics of environmental degradation leading to decision-makers proposing, adopting and implementing agricultural policies and programmes that take into account environmental costs. Support to the implementation of multilateral environmental agreements and conventions. Environmental policy changes that reflect greater awareness of food security concerns.

Indicators

Number and/or examples of countries whose policies and programmes were adjusted using the tools and methods advocated by the entity
Donors, multilateral agencies and NGOs routinely using the entity tools and analyses in their project documents and policy analyses, and their feedback on the quality and usefulness

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Conceptual frameworks, guidelines and tools were developed and case studies prepared for each of the two major objectives under this programme entity (PE) (234 and 260). Dissemination of these outputs was initiated and is planned to continue over the next two years. Specific achievements include the development of a conceptual framework and several case studies for assessing the impact of payments for environmental services (PES) on food insecurity. These were used as background materials for "The State of Food and Agriculture 2007" and for a capacity-building workshop on the potential of PES for East Africa to be held in Tanzania in February 2007. The results have been presented within FAO and to other UN agencies (WFP and IFAD), as well as the SBSTTA of the CBD. A conceptual framework was developed collaboratively with several CGIAR centres on the relationship of agricultural markets to farm-level use of crop genetic resources through the implementation of three project workshops. The methodology developed from the framework was implemented in five case studies in Bolivia, India, Kenya, Mali and Mexico and documented in a report. Important lessons are already emerging from the work and informing seed-sector policy debates, including the potential problems that formal seed-sector regulation can have on seed exchange in the informal sector in local markets and the need to develop flexible forms of regulation. Material drawn from this project was presented in several venues - within FAO, Bioversity International and the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KP06	Environmental Analysis and Support to Sustainable Agriculture	Continuing Programme Activity	NRC

Objective

Geo-information data analysis and decision-support tools facilitate the integration of environmental and socio-economic data through space and time, allowing possibilities for assessment, monitoring, and change detection in both human and natural systems.

Indicators

Extra-budgetary funds received for the entity
Use of the databases completed
Impact of the databases

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Issues relating to bioenergy dominated the work of this programme entity during the biennium 2006-07. The International Bioenergy Platform was launched in 2006 and an Interdepartmental Working Group on Bioenergy was established. Bioenergy and food security presentations were made at the Committee on Food Security and the Commission on Sustainable Development, where FAO launched the UN-Energy document "Sustainable Bioenergy: A Framework for Decision Makers". In September 2006, FAO joined the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP), preparing the first GBEP report on the state of bioenergy development in G8+5 countries. Bioenergy assessment frameworks were developed for food security and for the environment and a bioenergy programme facility was developed. FAO co-chaired the United Nations Geospatial Information Working Group. Presentations on UN system-wide geospatial capacity were made to the UN Chief Executive Board, High-Level Committee on Programmes. A UN Spatial Data Infrastructure initiative was also launched. An auto-evaluation of entity 2KP06 was carried out. A corporate geospatial data infrastructure initiative was planned, FAO GeoNetwork, and was adopted by UN agencies and national governments and ministries. In addition, FAO's Land Cover Classification System underwent ISO accreditation and the FAO PAIA on geospatial data developed core global map databases. FAO upgraded its capacity to receive and analyse weather data from the EUMETSAT second generation satellite. Poverty mapping was carried out and support was provided to the Global Terrestrial Observing System. Programme entity 2KP06 was revised to focus entirely to bioenergy matters.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KP07	Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation	Continuing Programme Activity	NRC

Objective

Instruments relating to international climate change, national programmes, implementation plans and mechanisms adequately address and safeguard the sustainable development of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.

Indicators

Successful national implementation of the pertinent aspects of the Kyoto Protocol
Climate change regime in land use adequately addresses forest issues
Number of countries funding coordinated field programmes on adaptation to and mitigation of climate change based on a multidisciplinary approach, as a result of PAIA-Clim support
Number of countries where FAO has assisted in development of strategies, policies and national action plans on adaptation to climate change
Number of countries involved in designing new policies and institutional mechanisms on adaptation to and mitigation of climate change, as result of PAIA-Clim support.
Capacity building and training for key stakeholders on policy related to adaptation to and mitigation of climate change

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Climate Change activities developed along three axes: normative, field and international. Under major output 1 (Climate change adaptation and food security) a new paper on adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forestry and fisheries strengthened cross-sectoral work and received wide recognition. FAO and the Stockholm Environment Institute jointly completed a policy paper on climate change and food security, stressing the need for investigating land and water resources, gender, institutional mechanisms and improved forest management. Other papers were prepared in collaboration with the Sahel and West Africa Club and the CILSS (Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel). Under major output 4 (Support to international climate change processes), FAO stepped up its collaboration with the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and participated in the well-publicized Conferences of the Parties in Bali. FAO is actively involved in the Nairobi Work Programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. FAO technical staff participated as lead authors and reviewers in preparing the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which was issued in 2007. A seminar for FAO permanent representatives was organized to promote understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and rural development. Links between programme entity 2KP07 and disaster-related work have been strengthened.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KP08	Fragile Ecosystems	Continuing Programme Activity	NRC

Objective

Preventing and reversing degradation of resources in fragile ecosystems; fostering rural development and food security using integrated approaches for the management of drylands, mountains and coastal areas.

Indicators

Number of countries implementing funded, coordinated field programmes that target sustainable development and conservation of fragile ecosystems, using integrated, participatory approaches
Number of countries implementing new policies and institutional mechanisms that target sustainable development and conservation of fragile ecosystems as a result of FAO support and capacity building
Level of field programmes funding and projects targeting management of fragile ecosystems (combating desertification, mountains, coastal areas) implemented by FAO

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

This programme entity continued its work on issues related to sustainable development of mountain ecosystems as well as integrated management of natural resources and collaboration with the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). FAO participated in the UNCCD COP 8 (Madrid) and CRIC 5 (Buenos Aires) meetings of the Facilitation Committee of the Global Mechanism and the GEF Inter-Agency Task Force on Land Degradation. FAO became a full partner of the multi-agency TerrAfrica initiative on sustainable land management (SLM) in Africa, leading the knowledge management component and implementing an elaborated Internet knowledge base on SLM that includes state of the art tools and data, policy and financial guidelines, an investment tool kit for national programmes, a vision paper for Africa, and a number of country studies. FAO is a member of the TerrAfrica Executive Committee and the Strategic Investment Program for Sustainable Land Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (SIP) Steering Committee, implementing activities in several countries in cooperation with the World Bank. Global mapping of mangrove systems was carried out and work was undertaken on global delta and wetland systems. In collaboration with the FAO Forestry Department, mapping and other geospatial and remote sensing services were provided with regard to the ongoing forestry resources assessment. FAO continued to collaborate with Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) in implementing aspects of the Convention related to sustainable management of natural resources.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2KS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	NRL

Objective

Through the better linkages of normative works and field programme and adoption of the integrated land and water management approaches, it can provide appropriate technical support, policy and institutional advice to field programme, emergency and relief operation which contribute to the capacity building of government officers, technicians, planners and farmers. The PE contributes to the sustainable use of natural resources and food production.

Indicators

Effective technical support, advise and guideline

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Field programme support and direct advisory services on improved access to land and other natural resources and secure tenure were provided to 41 countries in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean. Assistance was provided in the formulation and implementation of TCP projects, through projects supported by trust funds, the FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme, as well as technical advisory missions supported through the Regular Programme. Technical support services and normative outputs were closely linked, and normative outputs on land tenure in post-violent conflict were linked to projects in Africa. Normative outputs of the previous programme entity 253A1 continued to create a demand for projects, particularly in land consolidation in Eastern Europe, for property taxation in Asia, and for territorial development in Africa and Latin America. Field programme support and advisory services in Asia and the Pacific Region was focused on assistance to irrigation-sector reform and modernization, and the development of land management field programmes. Considerable support was given to the post-tsunami rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes in Asia.

Programme 2L: Technology, research and extension

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	5,968
	Actual Income	144
	Adjusted Programme of Work	6,112
	Expenditure at budget rate	5,905
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	207
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		11,878
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	6,680
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	362
	TCP and SPFS delivery	1,115
	Total Field Programme delivery	8,157
Total Expenditure		25,940

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	2	0	2	2	100%
Information exchange and coordination	2	2	4	4	200%
Information products, systems, databases	3	1	4	4	133%
International Undertakings, Agreements	0	1	1	1	0%
Other	3	0	3	3	100%
Policy and legislative advice	2	0	2	2	100%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	3	0	3	3	100%
Total	15	4	19	19	127%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2LA01	Strengthening National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems	Technical Project	NRR

Objective

Strengthened national capacities for the formulation and implementation of research and technology development policies and modernized extension advisory systems, able to address the extension needs of producers resulting from global economic and agricultural developments.

Indicators

Enhanced capacity of countries for formulating and implementing agricultural research policies for technology development and assessment
National extension advisory systems reformed, institutionally and operationally, providing demand-driven and need-based services to a variety of producers in a participatory manner

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Under this programme entity, the High-Level FAO/Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) meeting strengthened the partnership between FAO and CGIAR and support was given to the governance of the Global Forum on Agricultural Research and to the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa and the European Forum on Agricultural Research for Development. Ongoing liaison continued with CGIAR, the Neuchatel Initiative and the African Forum for Agricultural Advisory Services. The provision of information (FAO biotechnology Web site, e- bulletin, glossary, e-conferences, biotechnology application database) and technical assistance enhanced member countries' capacity to formulate and implement biotechnology research policy. National capacities in biosafety were also strengthened through technical assistance and an expert consultation to develop a conceptual framework. Regional projects were formulated to harmonize biosafety protocols and regulations. The lessons learned from these capacity-building projects were used by other UN agencies in formulating similar projects in other regions. A Global Review of Good Agricultural Extension and Advisory Service Practice and a training module on agricultural extension policies and strategies for reform were developed, offering a conceptual basis for reform of national extension and advisory services. A conceptual framework and possible indicators were prepared for a global extension study to provide baseline data for drafting institutional reforms. A proposal and conceptual framework for a study on research, extension and communication for climate change mitigation and adaptation were drafted to provide a basis for policy advice and institutional upgrading. Innovative tools and approaches for knowledge sharing and decision-making in research and extension were developed, including the Research and Extension Portal and the Technology for Agriculture Initiative.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2LP01	Secretariat of the CGIAR Science Council	Continuing Programme Activity	NRD

Objective

Enhanced relevance and improved quality of the CGIAR research organizations and their partners; testing and evaluation of technologies, policies and institutions being researched by the CGIAR and partners; and ultimately, integration of the most promising technologies, policies and institutional innovations into government and non-government agricultural extension efforts.

Indicators

Examples of joint CGIAR + partner researched and developed technologies, policies and institutional innovations that are widely adopted and that raise productivity to the benefit of large numbers of rural and urban poor

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The Science Council (SC) Secretariat provided support to the Science Council of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) in providing sound scientific advice to the Centres, Programmes and Membership through a number of channels. External reviews of centres and system-wide programmes and stripe reviews of themes that cut across Centre mandates were the principal means used to ensure the quality and relevance of the Centres' science. The Secretariat facilitated the implementation and planning of SC-commissioned reviews and other activities related to ensuring CGIAR's science quality and relevance, such as External Programme and Management Reviews (EPMRs) of eight Centres (ICARDA, ILRI, WorldFish, IWMI, CIP, WARDA, IITA and CIAT ) and two external reviews of CGIAR Challenge Programmes (Water and Food CP and Harvest Plus CP). In the areas of strategic planning and priority-setting, the Secretariat supported the SC in the development of framework planning for CGIAR priority research and a range of thematic studies (e.g. on genomics [leading to the formation of a Genomics Task Force], intellectual property rights, food safety, and ethics in research). The Secretariat supported the SC in assessing the medium-term plans of the 15 Centres and four Challenge Programmes. Meta-reviews and lessons learned from the EPMR process and CGIAR system-wide programmes were also conducted. Support related to SC's impact work included studies on natural resource management research impact, and poverty impacts in South Asia. Key activities related to the SC's newest function of mobilizing global science, included a study of CGIAR-CSO partnerships and contributions to the World Development Report published in 2007.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2LS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	NRR

Objective

Providing appropriate technical support, policy and institutional advice to member countries and the field programme in support of technology, research and extension.

Indicators

Effective technical support and advice

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Technical assistance was provided to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea and Saudi Arabia in improving their National Agricultural Research Systems. Assistance for enhancement of extension and technical advisory services was provided to Bulgaria, Egypt, Kenya, Lebanon, Mongolia, Mozambique, Morocco (three projects), Oman, Pakistan (three projects), South Africa, Sudan, Uganda the United Republic of Tanzania, and Yemen. Other projects addressed the improvement of the National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems in Bhutan, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco and Senegal. Projects to improve information, communication and knowledge systems were implemented in Lithuania and Ukraine. In the area of biotechnology policy development and implementation, assistance was provided to Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Sri Lanka. Biosafety capacity development projects were implemented in Benin, Bolivia, Grenada and the United Republic of Tanzania to enable the smooth and efficient implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Projects for biosafety regional harmonization were formulated for Asia, Eastern Europe, Extended MERCOSUR and the Near East. Two Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) workshops were organized for the formulation of a regional project on biosafety capacity development; the project was formally endorsed by the CEMAC Council of Ministers and contacts were established with potential donors.

Programme 2M: Rural infrastructure and agro-industries

Regular Programme		(USD 000)
	Net Appropriation	15,404
	Actual Income	728
	Adjusted Programme of Work	16,132
	Expenditure at budget rate	16,289
	Variance of expenditure (Over)/Under	(157)
Extra budgetary Support to the Regular Programme		1,057
Field Programme
	Extra budgetary Support to Field Programme/Assistance to Member Countries	16,205
	Extra budgetary funded Emergencies	19,630
	TCP and SPFS delivery	2,564
	Total Field Programme delivery	38,399
Total Expenditure		55,745

Type of Output	Approved in PWB	Cancelled/ Postponed	Unplanned Delivered	Total Delivered	Delivered Unmodified	Delivered Modified	Percent Delivered
Capacity building	13	0	0	13	12	1	100%
Information exchange and coordination	2	(1)	1	2	2	0	100%
Information products, systems, databases	4	(1)	1	4	3	1	100%
Other	0	0	1	1	1	0	0%
Policy and legislative advice	4	(1)	0	3	3	0	75%
Technical advice to Members and field programme support	12	(1)	3	14	14	0	117%
Total	35	(4)	6	37	35	2	106%

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2MA04	Fostering competitive agro-industries	Technical Project	AGS

Objective

The entity aims to document, analyse and share agribusiness and agro-processing know-how in the development of agro-industries and in the optimization of their management and operation. It specifically seeks to assist member countries in creating linkages with the private sector such that profitable agro-industries emerge and expand to respond efficiently to market demands and contribute to the growth of rural economies (farm- and non-farm) by creating jobs and enhancing income for the rural population, especially for those who have limited economic prospects in farming alone.

Indicators

Number of countries where agro-industry development strategies and actions have been implemented with FAO's advice
Number of partners co-operating in effective partnerships
Number of capacity-building activities performed
The demand for publications

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Substantial progress was made in strengthening co-operative work with other UN agencies, most notably with IFAD and UNIDO in capacity building and knowledge management. The most important new area of work in the biennium related to enabling environments for agribusiness and agro-industry development. Comparative appraisals and related studies on specific areas of intervention were carried out in four regions. The major focus of capacity building was to develop guidelines, illustrative case studies, and training programmes covering horticultural chain management, agroprocessing for value addition, and quality management for small and medium enterprises. In response to recent member country interest, work on value-chain approaches and issues increased substantially to include four regional meetings on value chain finance, as well as the preparation and delivery of training courses on value chain development.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2MA05	Enhancing small farmer income, employment and livelihoods	Technical Project	AGS

Objective

To improve the capacities of public-sector, NGOs, civil society organizations, agro-enterprises and commercial service providers to strengthen farmers' linkages with markets and services, and to improve farmers' technical and business management skills for livelihoods diversification, enterprise development and value-adding activities.

Indicators

Number of guidelines and capacity-building materials made available to organizations that provide support to farmers or farmer service providers
Number of field programmes, organizations and farmer service providers using capacity-building materials and tools produced by the entity
Examples of improved small farmer market linkage and enterprise development programmes, e.g. attention to farmer market linkages, services, business skills and value-adding technologies.
Cases of field agents of organizations assisted by the entity helping small farmers with market linkages, access to services, farm planning and introduction of value-adding technologies
Examples of successful diversification, enterprise development and increased value addition by the farmer clients of organizations assisted by the entity

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Work under this programme entity had two main foci: identifying strategies and best practices in strengthening farmer linkages and access to markets and support service providers (physical inputs, financial services and outputs); and producing capacity-building materials to promote enterprise development and diversification. Some 25 technical guides and working documents were produced related to farm diversification (8); sectoral diversification possibilities in specific countries (9); business service provision and farm management (3); approaches and experiences in linking farmers to markets, farm power and mechanization for small farmers in SSA countries, post harvest management (2); and managerial skills and costs for organic certification. Regional workshops were implemented on improving financial linkages (Asia), organizational support to livelihoods diversification and enterprise development (Africa, Asia, Latin America), farmer business schools, and third-party independent certification for quality and safety (Asia). Access to appropriate training materials was enhanced through development of materials for the Rural Finance Learning Centre and through the development of a new Contract Farming Resource Centre Web site. Training materials were widely disseminated and are being used in field projects and by non-governmental organizations in field training activities. Results of studies were used extensively in various internal and external training events organized by FAO and by other parties.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2MP02	Rural Infrastructure Development	Continuing Programme Activity	AGS

Objective

The key actors engaged in rural infrastructure development and management can access and use best practices to deliver rural infrastructure services that will contribute to the alleviation of rural poverty.

Indicators

The number of partners actively cooperating with FAO in rural infrastructure activities
The number of countries where rural infrastructure projects have been implemented with FAO's advice
The number of countries seeking assistance to build capacity in the development of rural infrastructure from FAO and its partners

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

The main overall strategy was to build on past work carried out by the Division in rural infrastructure while identifying new areas of work that build on FAO's comparative advantage. The most important initiative to support strategy formulation was a technical consultation held in FAO on rural infrastructure with the participation of other intergovernmental and expert and non-governmental organizations (UN-Habitat, IFAD, ILO, World Bank, ITDG, IFRTD, DFID). The consultation helped identify FAO priorities and the main interests of potential collaborative partners and allowed a useful network of contacts to be established. Under the second major output, an important report titled "Market-oriented agricultural development: appraisal of public-private partnerships" was completed in collaboration with the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), United Kingdom. This collaboration created an opportunity for follow-up work between FAO and ODI. Other work completed included a series of policy briefs reflecting good practices for rural infrastructure development and management - based largely on experiences gathered from past work of FAO in the field, and the production of technical reports to support rural infrastructure development. Despite notable achievements, progress made in producing guidelines on best practices and technologies was slower than had been anticipated.

Programme Entity	Title	Type	Lead Division
2MS01	Technical Support Services to Members and the Field Programme	Technical Service Agreement	AGS

Objective

Provision of technical advice, training, and the creation of partnerships to build the capacity of the public and private sectors to achieve broad-based economic development in rural areas.

Indicators

The number of partners actively cooperating with FAO in rural infrastructure and agro-industry development projects and activities.
The number of countries seeking assistance from FAO and its partners to build capacity in the development of rural infrastructure.
The number of countries seeking assistance from FAO and its partners to build capacity in the development of agro-industries.

Achievements, Success Stories and Lessons Learnt

Efforts focused on strengthening the relationship with IFAD and UNIDO to respond jointly to requests for rural infrastructure, agribusiness, and agro-industry projects and activities. Other partners included the International Agribusiness Management Association, the Commission Internationale du Genie Rural and regional networks for rural finance. Substantial lessons learned related to the benefits of the value chain approach in identifying opportunities for value addition, how that value can be captured, and coordination failures that result in loss of value. These outputs can be used in the preparation of agribusiness and development plans that address the policy environment, business practices and capacities, and technological readiness. During the biennium, the programme witnessed a growing level of interest in agribusiness and agro-industries on the part of member countries.