ANNEXES

ANNEX I: Supporting data
ANNEX II: Bibliography
ANNEX III: Abbreviations
ANNEX IV: List of ADCP Reports

ANNEX I: Supporting data

Table 1: Fish and Fishery Products, Provisional Food Balance Sheet, Average 1982-84 (in metric tonnes live weight)

	Catch	Non-food uses	Imports	Exports	Food supply	Population '000s	Per caput supply kg/year
Bahrain	5 333	0	2 002	1	7 334	397	18.5
Iran	107 629	0	14 252	1 037	120 844	42 141	2.9
Iraq	22 500	0	0	0	22 500	14 805	1.5
Jordan	19	0	9 980	57	9 941	2 496	4.0
Kuwait	4 385	0	11 364	6 224	9 525	1 624	5.9
Oman	101 047	47 330	2279	15 842	40 154	1 132	35.5
Qatar	2 541	0	860	0	3 401	275	12.4
Saudi Arabia	36 333	0	71 297	2 973	104 657	10 625	9.9
United Arab Emirates	72 101	54 046	20 447	4 633	33 869	1 177	28.8
Yemen Arab Republic	16 451	0	5 311	0	21 762	6 489	3.4
People's Dem. Rep. of Yemen	75 994	23 000	448	2 746	50 695	2 023	25.1
Total	444 333	124 376	13 8240	33 513	424 682	83 184	5.1

Source: FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Vol. 63

Table 2: Gross National Product Statistics and Population Data for the Region

	1985 GNP (US$ 000 000s)	1973-85 GNP Growth rate (%)	1985 Population (000s)	1973-85 Population growth rate (%)	1985 GNP per caput (US$)	1973-85 GNP Growth rate (%)
Bahrain	4 040	5.2	423	4.6	9 560	0.8
Iran	88 066*	N.A.	45 160	3.1	N.A.	N.A.
Iraq	44 274	N.A.	15 654	3.6	3 909	N.A.
Jordan	4 010	8.9	3 512	2.9	1 560	5.2
Kuwait	24 760	6.0	1 736	5.7	14 270	0.3
Oman	8 360	8.1	1 181	4.4	7 080	3.6
Qatar	5 110	-2.3	320	6.8	15 980	-8.5
Saudi Arabia	102 120	6.6	11 521	4.8	8 860	1.7
United Arab Emirates	26 400	9.1	1 381	10.2	19 120	-1.0
Yemen Arab Republic	4 140	7.2	7955	2.8	520	4.3
People's Dem. Rep. of Yemen	1 130	5.6	2 086	2.3	540	3.1

Source: The World Bank Atlas, 1987, 20th Edition

Note: * = Data for 1980
N.A. = Data not available

Table 3: Popular Species in the Region with Market Prices

Common Name	Latin name	Red Sea US$	Wholesale (W) Retail (R)	Gulf US$	Wholesale (W) Retail (R)	Country
Rabbitfish	Siganus oramin			1.8	W	Bahrain
	S. rivulatus	4.5	R			Saudi Arabia
Grouper	Epinephalus tauvina	4.0	R	3.5	W	Saudi Arabia
	E. maculatus	9.3	R			Saudi Arabia
Pomfret	Pampus argenteus			3.8	W	United Arab Emirates
Mullet	Velamugil seheli	4.8	R	2.1	W	Saudi Arabia, Bahrain
Emperor	Lethrinus spp.	4.0	R	2.8	W	Saudi Arabia, Bahrain
Shrimp	Penaeus semisulcatus	6.6-10.7	R			Saudi Arabia, Bahrain

Source: INFOSAMAK Trade News, 1988
Saudi Fisheries Retail Shop, Jeddah, 1988

Table 4: Fisheries Catch and Trade in the Region, 1985

Country	Catch (t)	Quantity (t)	Value (US$ 000s)	Quantity (t)	Value (US$ 000s)
Bahrain	7 763	1 600	3 430	-	-
Iran	60 351	128 000	60 812	1 183	30 025
Iraq	21 500	-	-	-	-
Jordan	22	5 318	6 450	-	-
Kuwait	5 234	4 387	7 309	731	6 258
Oman	101 180	1 167	2 750	19 462	25 374
Qatar	2 484	593	1 201	-	-
Saudi Arabia	43 696	46 240	77 187	2 284	5 736
UAE	72 380	8 042	17 173	700	2 200
YAR	20 598	2 302	3 610	80	200
PDRY	85 200	140	270	4 254	11 875
Total	420 408	197 789	180 192	28 694	81 668

Source: Fishery Statistics Bulletin for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Marine Fisheries Research and Development Centre, MAW, 1987

Table 5: Aquaculture Production by Country and by Type (Metric Tonnes)

	Year	Finfishes	Crustaceans	Molluscs	Total
Bahrain	1987	(2)	-	-	2
Iran	1987	(10 000)	neg.	-	10 000
Iraq	1986	4 564	-	-	4 564
Jordan	1987	70	-	-	70
Kuwait	1986	(5)	(0.1)	-	5.1
Oman	1987	-	(0.5)	-	0.5
Qatar	1986	-	-	-	0
Saudi Arabia	1987	(335)	(1.0)	-	336
UAE	1987	(12)	(0.1)	-	12.1
YAR	1987	-	-	-	0
PDRY	1987	-	neg.	-	negligible

Note: Estimated figures in parenthesis
Neg. = production but at experimental level

Table 6: Major Farmed Aquatic Species in the Region Annual Production 1986/7 (Metric Tonnes)

	Bahrain	Iran	Iraq	Jordan	Kuwait	Oman	Qatar	Saudi Arabia	UAE	YAR	PDRY
Freshwater Species
Common carp		(9 000)	4 564	(20)				P
Bighead carp		H
Silver carp		H	H
Grass carp		H	H
Tilapia			X	(50)	E			16	(4)
Trout		(1 000)
Catfish		(6)	X	E				E
Sturgeon		H
Others			H
Diadromous species
Rutilus		H
Mullet	P				P				P
Salmon		H
Brackish/marine species
Grouper	E				P				(0.5)
Rabbitfish	P				E			2	7
Milkfish								E
Tilapia	P				P			10	(7)
Bream					P
Shrimp		E			E	(0.5)		P	E		E

Note: Production in metric tonnes; estimated values in parenthesis
P = Pilot-scale production
E = Experimental
H = Hatchery production
X = Production but quantity unknown

Table 7: Aquaculture Technologies existing in the Region 1987

	Bahrain	Iran	Iraq	Jordan	Kuwait	Oman	Qatar	Saudi Arabia	UAE	YAR	PDRY
Freshwater Culture
Tanks	E	C		C	P			C
Cages		C
Pens/enclosures
Ponds		C	C	C				C	P
Brackishwater/Marine Culture
Tanks	P				P			C	P
Cages (sheltered)	P				P			P	P
Pens/enclosures	E							P
Ponds	P				P	C		P	P
Hatcheries
Freshwater fish	E	C	C		E			C	P
Marine fish	E				P			E	P
Marine shrimp		E			E	P		P	O		E
Other Technologies
Recirculation	E			C	E			C
Open sea cages					P
Disease diagnosis		X	X		X			E
Pollution control					X			E
Feed production	E	P	X		P			C	P
Fish nutrition		X			X			E
Live food production	E				X	P		E	P

Note: C = at commercial scale
P = at pilot scale
E = at experimental or research scale
X = technology present

Table 8: FAO's Aquaculture Activities in the Region

Country	Statutory Bodies		Training Activities				Technical Assistance
	IOFC	DMFRG	TCP	TCDC	GCP	AG Fund Hungary	Project	UTF	Pipeline Project
Bahrain	X	X			X
Iran	X	X	X						X
Iraq	X	X		X	X
Jordan	X					X			X
Kuwait	X	X			X
Oman	X	X			X
Qatar	X	X			X
Saudi Arabia	X	X			X			X
United Arab Emirates	X	X			X
Yemen Arab Republic
People's Dem.
Rep. of Yemen

Note: IOFC = Indian Ocean Fishery Commission
DMFRG = Development and Management of the Fishery Resources of the Gulfs
TCP = Technical Cooperation Programme (FAO)
UTF = Unilateral Trust Fund
TCDC = Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries
GCP = Government Cooperative Programme

Table 9: Funding Agencies and Economic Communities in the Region

Country	Funding Agencies							Regional Economic Communities
	IBRD	IDA	IFC	IFAD	IMF	AFESD	IDB	GCC	AEU	LAS
Bahrain	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Iran	X	X	X	X	X
Iraq	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Jordan	XX	X	X	X	X	XX	X		X	X
Kuwait	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Oman	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Qatar	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Saudi Arabia	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
United Arab Emirates	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Yemen Arab Republic	X	XX	XX	XX	X	XX	X		X	X
People's Dem. Rep. Of Yemen	X	X	X	X	X	XX	X		X	X

Note: X = Member country
XX = Active funding in water resources, agriculture or fisheries
IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IDA = International Development Association
IFC = International Finance Corporation
IFAD = International Fund for Agricultural Development
AFESD = Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
IDB = Islamic Development Bank
GCC = Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
AEU = Council of Arab Economic Unity
LAS = League of Arab States

ANNEX II: Bibliography

This section lists the sources used in the preparation of this study, giving principal author only.

Afzal, M., 1977. A study of fish consumption habits in Kuwait. KISR/P-G-RP-7701, Kuwait.

Allen, J., 1984. Engineering for Ras Haiyan Feasibility Project. Report prepared for the feasibility study of Mariculture Development Project. FI:DP/BAH/82/002, FAO, Rome.

Al-Nather, A., 1987. Feasibility study. Fish farming plant biological/recycled intensive system. Confidential Report.

Appleyard, W.P., 1986. A successful integrated fisheries enterprise. INFOFISH Marketing Digest 2/86.

Al-Yahyai, H.H.S., 1986. Developing fisheries in the Sultanate of Oman. INFOFISH Marketing Digest 2/86.

Al-Zarka, S. and A.G. Coche, 1985. Prospects of aquaculture in the Arabian World. Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome. Kuwait Bulletin of Marine Science, (6):15-29 (In Arabic), Kuwait.

Anonymous, Commercial fisheries and fishery products available for export (PDRY), People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

Anonymous, 1981. Fish culture project of the Saudi Arabian National Centre for Science and Technology (SANCST), Saudi Arabia.

Anonymous, 1984. Study on mariculture environment of Umm Al-Quwain Lagoon and the experimental rearing of shrimp, rabbitfish and mullet, Saudi Arabia.

Anonymous, 1987. A summary information on Inland Fisheries of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 6 pp.

Anonymous, 1987. Development of Reservoir and Lake Fisheries in Iran, 3 pp.

Barrania, A., 1979. Technical Report: Socio-economic aspects of the Red Sea Fisheries in the Yemen Arab Republic. Suez. RAB/77/008/3, FAO, Rome, 43 p.

Barrania, A., 1979a. Socio-economic aspects of the Red Sea Fisheries in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. Suez. RAB/77/008/4, FAO, Rome, 81 p.

Barrania, A., 1979b. Report on the Socio-economic Survey of the Gulf of Aqaba, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. (Arabic and English). Suez. RAB/77/008/5, FAO, Rome, 17 p.

Caddy, J.F., 1984. Observations on prospects and constraints of development of Iranian Fisheries. FI:TCP/IRA/2301 (ms), FAO, Rome.

Carleton, C., 1980. Fish marketing and the prospects for market development in the Gulf area. FI:DP/RAB/71/278/13, FAO, Rome.

Chakraborty, D., 1987. Fishery Statistics Bulletin for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Volume 1.

Clay, C.H., 1977. Report on a mission to Iran to investigate the potential for fish production from man-made lakes, FAO, Rome.

Coche, A., et al., 1979. Mariculture development in Bahrain. Report of a feasibility mission. FI:DP/RAB/71/278/6, FAO, Rome.

Durve, V.S., 1986. Fish trade and marketing in Bahrain. INFOFISH Marketing Digest, 4/86.

Eapen, P.K., 1982. Fisheries of Saudi Arabia. FAO, 1985. Food Balance Sheets, 1982-1984, FAO, Rome.

FAO/UNDP, 1967. Report to the Government of Jordan on the inland fisheries development and fish culture. Based on the work of K.M. Apostolski. Rep.FAO/UNDP(TA), FAO, Rome, (2448):19 p.

FAO/UNDP, 1969. Report to the Government of Iran on a programme for the development of the inland fisheries of Iran. Based on the work of E.W. Surber. Rep.FAO/UNDP(TA), FAO, Rome, (2723).

FAO/UNDP, 1973. Report to the Government of Jordan on inland fisheries development and fish culture. Based on the work of K.H. Alikunhi. Rep.FAO/UNDP(TA), FAO, Rome, (3186).

FAO/UNDP, 1975. Fishery Development, Jordan. Project findings and recommendations. FI:DP/JOR/68/511, FAO, Rome.

FAO/UNDP, 1980. Feasibility study for establishing a small aquaculture laboratory in United Arab Emirates. FI:DP/RAB/71/278/7, FAO, Rome.

FAO/UNDP, 1980. Fish marketing and the prospects for market development in the Gulf area. FI:DP/RAB/71/278/13, FAO, Rome.

FAO/UNDP, 1984. Fishery statistics in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - An expanded plan of development. RAB/81/002/19, FAO, Rome.

FAO/UNDP, Report on a survey of some sites in and around Hodeidah, Yemen Arab Republic, with a view to assessing their suitability for aquaculture development, RAB/81/002/INT/12, FAO, Rome.

FAO/UNDP, Marine aquaculture in Jordan. Study on the development of aquaculture facilities at the Marine Science Station, Aqaba. RAB/81/002/INT, FAO, Rome.

Farmer, A.S.D., 1981. Historical review of the Kuwait shrimp culture project. Kuwait Bulletin of Marine Science (2):3-9, Kuwait.

Gopalakrishnan, V., 1974. A survey of the Gulf of Aqaba for coastal aquaculture. FI:DP/JOR/68/511/1, FAO, Rome.

Grantham, G., 1980. The prospects for by-catch utilization in the Gulf Area. FI:DP/RAB/71/278/14, FAO, Rome.

Job, T.J., 1967. Travel report on a visit to Iraq from 1 to 5 October 1967. FAO, Rome.

Kedidi, S.M. Fisheries of Saudi Arabia. A summary review. MAW/FAO - UTFN/SAU/002/SAU/Fisheries, FAO, Rome.

Kelvin Hughes Aquaculture Services, 1978. Freshwater fish farming in Jordan. Confidential Report.

KISR, 1987. Mariculture and Fisheries Department Research Activities, 1986.

Kneale, D., 1984. Construction of two plastic lined earthen ponds. FI:DP/BAH/82/002, FAO, Rome.

Krasznai, Z., 1987. Report of mission to Iran to assess the needs in cold-water fish culture. TCP/IRA/6755(T), FAO, Rome.

Lintern, D.A., 1983. Fishery institutions and development in the Yemen Arab Republic. RAB/81/002/INT/14, FAO, Rome.

Montero, G.A., 1986. Production and marketing of cultured fish in Bahrain. INFOFISH Marketing Digest, 5/86.

Montero, G.A., Travel report on mission to People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, FAO, Rome.

Mundt, J.C., 1980. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management in Oman. FAO/UTFN/OMA/002/OMA, FAO, Rome.

Nambiar, K.P.P., 1988. Travel report to People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, 8-12 December 1987, FAO, Rome.

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Petr, T., 1987. Observations on prospects for further inland fisheries development in Iran. TCP/IRA/6675, FAO, Rome.

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ANNEX III: Abbreviations

Organizations

ADCP	Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme (UNDP/FAO)
AEU	Council of Arab Economic Unity
AFC	Arab Fisheries Company
AFESD	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
ALESCO	Arab League Education, Science and Cultural Organization
EAS	European Aquaculture Society
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GCC	Gulf Cooperation Council
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICLARM	International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management
IDA	International Development Association
IDB	Islamic Development Bank
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC	International Finance Corporation
IOFC	Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission
IPFC	Indo-Pacific Fisheries Commission
JICA	Japan International Cooperation Agency
KISR	Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
LAS	League of Arab States
MAW	Ministry of Agriculture and Water (Saudi Arabia)
NGO	Non-governmental Organization
OPEC	Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
UN	United Nations
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme
Unesco	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
WAS	World Aquaculture Society
WHO	World Health Organization

Project Terminology

DMPRG	Development and Management of the Fishery Resources of the Gulfs
GCP	Government Cooperative Programme (FAO)
TCDC	Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (UN)
TCP	Technical Cooperation Programme (FAO)
UTF	Unilateral Trust Fund (FAO)

Others

GNP	Gross National Product
PVC	Polyvinyl chloride

ANNEX IV: List of ADCP Reports

ADCP/REP/75/1 (E/F)	Aquaculture Planning in Africa
ADCP/REP/76/2	Aquaculture Planning in Asia
ADCP/REP/76/3 (E/S)	Aquaculture Planning in Latin America
ADCP/REP/76/3A FI/R188 (E/F/S)	Kyoto Conference
ADCP/REP/78/4	Aid for Aquaculture Development
ADCP/REP/78/5 (E/S)	Outline of an Applied Research and Experimental Development Programme for the Latin American Regional Centre for Aquaculture
ADCP/REP/78/6 (E/S)	Curriculum for the Training of Aquaculturists in the Latin American Regional Centre for Aquaculture
ADCP/REP/79/7 (E/F)	Curriculum for the Training of Aquaculturists in the African Regional Centre for Aquaculture
ADCP/REP/79/8	Training in Fish Feed Technology. Report of the FAO/UNDP Training Course in Fish Feed Technology held in the University of Washington, Seattle, 9 October-15 December 197
ADCP/REP/79/9	Aquaculture Information - Report of the Meeting of an Aquaculture Information Group held in Rome, 25-28 April 1979
ADCP/REP/79/10	Aquaculture Development in China - Report of a FAO/UNDP Aquaculture Study Tour to the People's Republic of China, 2 May-1 June 1978
ADCP/REP/80/11	Fish Feed Technology - Lectures presented at the FAO/UNDP Training Course in Fish Feed Technology, held at the College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 9 October-15 December 1978
ADCP/REP/80/12	Outline Research Programme for the African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Report of a Task Force sponsored by the FAO/UNDP Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme, 3-19 February 1980
ADCP/REP/80/13	Curriculum for the Training of Aquaculturists in the Asian Aquaculture Network
ADCP/REP/80/14	Outline Research Programmes for the Regional Aquaculture Lead Centres in Asia - Parts I and II
ADCP/REP/80/15	Outline Research Programmes for the Regional Aquaculture Lead Centres in Asia - Part III
ADCP/REP/81/16 (out of print)	Reproductive Physiology of Teleost Fishes - A Review of Present Knowledge and Needs for Future Research
ADCP/REP/82/17	Aid for Aquaculture Development in the Third World - Report of the FAO/NORAD Round Table on Aid for Aquaculture Development in the Third World. Svanty, Norway, 2-6 August 1982
ADCP/REP/83/18	Fish Feeds and Feeding in Developing Countries - An Interim Report on the ADCP Feed Development Programme
ADCP/REP/83/19 Rev. 1	AQUIS Aquaculture Information System - Users' Manual
ADCP/REP/83/20	Planification del Desarrollo de la Acuicultura - Guia Preliminar (An Introductory Guide to Aquaculture Development)
ADCP/REP/84/21	Inland Aquaculture Engineering - Lectures presented at the ADCP Interregional Training Course in Inland Aquaculture Engineering, Budapest
ADCP/REP/85/22	Nutritional Fish Pathology - Morphological Signs of Nutrient Deficiency and Toxicity in Farmed Fish
ADCP/REP/86/23	Observations on International Technical Assistance to Aquaculture
ADCP/REP/86/24	Planning an Aquaculture Facility - Guidelines for Bioprogramming and Design
ADCP/REP/87/25	Future Economic Outlook for Aquaculture and Related Assistance Needs
ADCP/REP/87/26	Feed and Feeding of Fish and Shrimp - A Manual on the Preparation and Presentation of Compound Feeds for Shrimp and Fish in Aquaculture
ADCP/REP/87/27	Aquaculture Sector Development - A Guideline for the Preparation of a National Plan
ADCP/REP/87/28	Women in Aquaculture - Proceedings of the ADCP/NORAD Workshop on Women in Aquaculture. Rome, FAO, 13-16 April 1987
ADCP/REP/87/29	The Markets for the Prime Mediterranean Species - Sea Bass, Sea Bream, Mullets and Eel - and their links with investment
ADCP/REP/88/30	A Regional Survey of the Aquaculture Sector in Eleven Middle East Countries