Lettuce. No GAP was reported for lettuce, but measurable residues could occur in lettuce planted as a following crop as a result of treatment of the primary crop.
Rotational crop trials on lettuce and lamb's lettuce were reported from Germany. The lettuce or lambs lettuce was planted 1-4 months after the treatment of radishes as the primary crop at 4 kg ai/ha. The dates of harvest of the radish crop and the residue levels in the soil were not recorded. The residues in lamb's lettuce at harvest were <0.04 (4) and 0.19 mg/kg, and in lettuce <0.04 (5), 0.05, 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg. The trials data were submitted in JMPR summary format only with no accompanying study reports.
German GAP for radishes is a "spreading" application at 3 kg ai/ha (field) or 4 kg ai/ha (glass). Similar GAP for soil treatment was reported at comparable application rates for several other crops in a number of countries.
Table 40. Residues in lettuce and lamb's lettuce planted in the field as rotational crops following a single treatment of radishes as the primary crop with granules at 4.0 kg ai/ha. Leaves analysed. Germany, 1983 (Anon., 1995).
|
CROP Location |
PHI, days1 |
Chlorfenvinphos, mg/kg |
|
LAMB'S LETTUCE |
||
|
Oldenburg |
168 |
<0.04 |
|
189 |
0.19 |
|
|
217 |
0.16 |
|
|
Braunschweig |
144 |
<0.04 |
|
161 |
<0.04 |
|
|
179 |
<0.04 |
|
|
München |
71 |
<0.04 |
|
90 |
<0.04 |
|
|
105 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Hurth-Fischenich |
183 |
<0.04 |
|
190 |
<0.04 |
|
|
197 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Mainz-Bretzenheim |
118 |
<0.04 |
|
HEAD LETTUCE |
||
|
Mainz-Bretzenheim |
118 |
<0.04 |
|
Hurth-Fischenich |
126 |
<0.04 |
|
134 |
<0.04 |
|
|
141 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Lübeck |
118 |
0.11 |
|
127 |
<0.04 |
|
|
135 |
<0.04 |
|
|
München |
36 |
<0.04 |
|
50 |
<0.04 |
|
|
64 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Freiburg |
91 |
<0.04 |
|
105 |
0.05 |
|
|
114 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Frankfurt |
69 |
<0.04 |
|
82 |
<0.04 |
|
|
90 |
<0.04 |
|
|
62 |
<0.04 |
|
|
75 |
<0.04 |
|
|
83 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Stuttgart |
73 |
<0.04 |
|
84 |
<0.04 |
|
|
93 |
<0.04 |
|
|
Oldenburg |
75 |
0.06 |
|
84 |
0.07 |
|
|
92 |
<0.04 |
|
Only the JMPR residue trial summary sheets were supplied (no study report with further information provided).Residues underlined once or twice are considered to reflect possible commercial practice.
Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR
1 The PHIs are from the last treatment of the radish crop to the harvesting of the secondary lettuce or lamb's lettuce crop.
Livestock feeding or topical treatment trials
In a 1966 Australian study designed to find out whether residues occur in the milk of cattle grazing on treated pasture, chlorfenvinphos was applied once to grass at 0.42 kg ai/ha and lactating cows were admitted to the pasture two days after treatment (Elgar, 1966e). The mean residues of chlorfenvinphos in the grass four days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after treatment were 17, 5.7, 4.4 and 2.5 mg/kg respectively.
No residues of chlorfenvinphos (0.01 mg/kg), 2,4-dichorophenacyl chloride (<0.002 mg/kg), 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol (0.01 mg/kg) or 2,4 -dichloroacetophenone (<0.005 mg/kg) were found in milk samples taken from the cows at these times.
In a briefly reported study (Schroder, 1984), two heifers and two steer calves were dipped in an unspecified formulation containing 0.037 kg ai/hl of chlorfenvinphos. At the time of dipping, the dipwash had been in the tank for up to 57 weeks. Tissue samples were taken 7 days after dipping. The residues were all below the LOD in liver (0.1 mg/kg), muscle (0.05 mg/kg) and kidney (0.05 mg/kg). In 'fat' the residues were in the range 0.1 to 0.27 mg/kg.
