Residues in food in commerce or at consumption

The presentation of the data received differed from country to country, and the layouts in the Tables are consequently different. With the exception of the Australian data all the residues are expressed as the sum of p,p '-DDT, o,p '-DDT, p,p '-DDE and p,p '-TDE (p,p '-DDD), in conformity with the Codex definition. In the Australian survey the residues of DDT, DDE and TDE were reported separately.

Monitoring of meat in Australia (Table 1). Residues of p,p'- and o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-TDE were reported for the period January 1989-December 1994 by the National Residue Survey of Australia. The reporting limit was 0.1 mg/kg for each compound.

Table 1. Residues of DDT in meat in Australia, 1989-1994 (Anon., 1995a).

Commodity	Compound	No. of samples	No. of residue-free samples	No. of samples with trace only1	No. of samples with residues, mg/kg, in ranges
					0.1-1	1.1-2.5	2.6-5	5.1-10	>10
Beef (fat)	DDT	39854	39730	60	61	1	1		1
	DDE	39854	37149	1283	1394	24	3	1
	TDE	39854	39752	47	53	2
Buffalo (fat)	DDT	432	432
	DDE	432	428	1	3
	TDE	432	438	1	1
Deer (fat)	DDT	110	110
	DDE	110	106	3		1
	TDE	110	110
Emu (fat)	DDT	9	9
	DDE	9	7	2
	TDE	9	9
Game goat (fat)	DDT	87	87
	DDE	87	87
	TDE	87	87
Goat (fat)	DDT	927	925		2
	DDE	927	912	4	7
	TDE	927	924	3
Horse (fat)	DDT	1939	1926	4	9
	DDE	1939	1837	31	70	1
	TDE	1939	1936		2	1
Kangaroo (fat)	DDT	482	480	2
	DDE	482	473	3	6
	TDE	482	482
Sheep (fat)	DDT	29270	29169	59	41
	DDE	29270	25604	1336	2314	13
	TDE	29270	29208	33	28	1
Porcine (fat)	DDT	15900	15761	62	74	2		1
	DDE	15900	15257	427	210	5	1
	TDE	15900	15814	44	40	2
Poultry (fat)	DDT	2167	2161	4	2
	DDE	2167	2007	151	9
	TDE	2167	2165	1	1
Rabbit (fat)	DDT	570	570
	DDE	570	566	4
	TDE	570	562	7	1

¹ Trace only: unquantifiable amount between the limit of detection and the reporting limit (0.1 mg/kg)

Monitoring of meat in Germany (Table 2). Information was supplied on residues of DDT from monitoring carried out in 1993. Residue data were expressed on the fat and raw product basis with a limit of determination of 0.001 mg/kg. The commodities were classified according to Council Directive of 24 July 1986, 86/363/EEC, modifying Council Directive 93/57/EEC of 29 June 1993 (EEC, 1986, 1993).

Table 2. Residues of DDT in meat in Germany, 1993 (Anon., 1995b).

Commodity according to 86/363/EEC	No. of samples	No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg in range												max., mg/kg
		<0.001	0.001	0.002-0.01	0.011-0.015	0.016-0.02	0.021-0.05	0.051-0.1	0.11-0.2	0.21-0.5	0.6-1	1.1-2	2.1-5
Meat, except sheep (fat) ex 02.01	777	128		87	54	102	230	119	39	17	1			0.5
Meat, except sheep (fresh substance) ex 02.01	1080	618	192	221	36	7	3	2						0.42
Sheep, meat (fat) ex 02.01	87	6		2	4	14	18	11	24	6	1	1		1.01
Sheep, meat (fresh substance) ex 02.01	30	8	3	9	2	5	3							0.033
Poultry, meat and edible offal (fat) 02.02	74	17		3	13	19	15	4	3					0.19
Poultry, meat and edible offal (fresh substance) 02.02	63	42	10	11										0.005
Poultry, liver (fresh substance) 02.03	14	11		3										0.003
Rabbit etc., meat (fat) ex 02.04	15				2	2	3	3	1	1	3			0.79
Rabbit etc., meat (fresh substance) ex 02,04	140	39	35	44	9	8	4	1						0.078
Bacon (pork fat), poultry fat ex 02.05	671	220		37	74	147	131	50	8	2			2	3.9
Meat salted, meat dried (fat) 02.06	29	17			6	3	3							0.045
Meat salted, meat dried (fresh substance) 02.06	6	4	1	1										0.002

Commodities according to Council Directive 86/363/EEC:

ex 02.01: Meat and edible offal of horses, asses, mules, bovine animals, swine, sheep and goats, fresh, chilled or frozen

02.02: Dead poultry and edible offal thereof (except liver), fresh, salted or in brine

02.03: Poultry liver, fresh, chilled, frozen, salted or in brine

ex 02.04: Other meat and edible offal, fresh, chilled or frozen, of domestic pigeons, domestic rabbits and game

ex 02.05: Pig fat and poultry fat, fresh, chilled, frozen, salted, in brine, dried or smoked

02.06: Meat and edible offal (except poultry liver), salted, in brine, dried or smoked

Monitoring of meat in New Zealand. The results of residue monitoring from July 1990 to June 1994, including routine testing (Table 3) and specifically targeted sampling from regions with a known DDT history (Table 4) were submitted.

Table 3. Residues of DDT in meat in New Zealand, 1990-1994 (Anon., 1994).

Commodity, Year	No. of samples analysed	No, positive1	No. of samples with residues, mg/kg fat, in range					DDT, mg/kg.
			0.02-0.5	0.51-1,0	1.01-2,0	2.1-5.0	>5	Mean	Median	Max
Lambs
1990-1991	244	123	119	1	3			0.13	0.05	1.4
1991-1992	159	95	84	4	7			0.24	0.11	1.7
1992-1993	261	138	127	7	2	2		0.19	0.07	3.7
1993-1994	301	178	161	13	4			0.19	0.08	1.5
Sum	965	534	491	25	16	2
% of no. analysed		55.5	51	2.6	1.7	0.2
Adult sheep
1990-1991	203	85	77	5	1	2		0.21	0.07	3.3
1991-1992	158	87	78	5	4			0.2	0.07	1.5
1992-1993	84	37	34	2	1			0.2	0.09	1.2
1993-1994	103	68	61	3	2	2		0.24	0.06	2.6
Sum	548	277	250	15	8	4
% of no. analysed		50.5	46	2.7	1.5	0.7
Adult bovine
1990-1991	202	70	69	1				0.085	0.04	0.73
1991-1992	261	125	117	5	3			0.14	0.06	1.3
1992-1993	132	47	47	1				0.08	0.04	0.89
1993-1994	164	77	71	4	2			0.16	0.08	1.4
Sum	739	319	304	1	5
% of no. analysed		43	41	1.5	0.68
Suckling calves
1990-1991	306	201	175	18	8			0.23	0.11	1.3
1991-1992	309	246	206	26	7	7		0.31	0.13	4.1
1992-1993	310	193	188	5				0.13	0.09	0.98
1993-1994	301	217	199	9	6	2	1	0.29	0.15	5.2
Sum	1211	857	768	58	21	9	1
% of no. analysed		71	63	4.8	1.7	0.74	0.08
Pigs
1990-1991	232	88	85	3				0.07	0.03	0.62
1991-1992	305	180	75	1	2	2		0.12	0.045	3.1
1992-1993	288	170	161	4	3	1	1	0.17	0.04	6.2
1993-1994	100	69	66	2	1			0.12	0.05	.45
Sum	925	507	487	10	6	3	1
% of no. analysed		55	53	1.1	0.65	0.32	0.11
Deer
1990-1991	10	6	4	1
1991-1992	7	4	3	1
1992-1993	15	6	6					0.17	0.16	0.32
1993-1994	185	102	91	9	2			0.17	0.07	1.2
Sum	227	118	104	11	2
% of no. analysed		52	46	4.8	0.88
Goats
1990-1991	7	2	2
1991-1992	17	4	4
1992-1993	13	4	4
1993-1994	30	1	1
Sum	67	11	11
% of no. analysed		16	16

¹ >0.02 mg/kg

Table 4. Residues of DDT in meat from lambs in New Zealand from a region with known DDT history, 1992-3 (Anon., 1994).

	No. of samples analysed	No. positive1	No. of samples with residues, mg/kg fat, in range					DDT, mg/kg
			0.02-0.5	0.51-1.0	1.01-2.0	2.1-5.0	>5	Mean	Median	Max.
% of no. analysed	403	396	183	82	60	58	13	1.2	0.64	13
		98	45.4	20.3	14.9	14:4	3.2

¹ >0.02 mg/kg

Monitoring of meat in Norway (Table 5). In total, 1568 samples of meat were analyzed in the period from 1990 to 1994. Residues were detected (LOD 0.02 mg/kg) in only 2 samples, both from 1990: 1 sample of pig meat and 1 sample of cattle meat contained 0.023 and 0.315 mg/kg of p,p'-DDE in the fat respectively.

Table 5. Residues of DDT in meat in Norway, 1990-1994 (Anon., 1996).

Commodity	No. of samples	No. of samples with DDT residues (mg/kg fat)
		0.02	0.02-0.5
Bovines (fat)	537	536	1
Pigs (fat)	537	536	1
Sheep (fat)	149	149
Hens (fat)	145	145
Reindeer (fat)	31	31
Moose (fat)	169	169

Monitoring of meat in Thailand (Table 6). Data on residues of DDT in meat during the period 1993-1994 were submitted by Thailand without reference to the expression of residues. However since the Codex commodity numbers were given for chicken meat (PM0840), duck meat (PM0841), pig meat (MM0818) and cattle meat (MM0812), it could be assumed that the residues were expressed on a fat basis, corresponding to the Codex expression of the residues of fat-soluble pesticides.

Table 6. Residues of DDT in meat in Thailand, 1993 and 1994 (Anon., 1995c).

Commodity, year	No. of samples	No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg, in range
		<0.01	0.01-0.05	0.06-0.1	0.11-0.5	0.51-1
Chicken meat, 1993	9514	47	3618	3481	2342	26
Chicken meat, 1994	14650	457	9475	3669	1027	22
Duck meat, 1993	2291	27	1778	395	90	1
Duck meat, 1994	1810	19	1575	199	17
Cattle meat, 1993	30	2	23	2	3
Cattle meat, 1994	123	2	94	16	11
Pig meat, 1993	65	1	48	10	6
Pig meat, 1994	157	1	129	19	8