Monitoring of meat in the USA. The 1993 JMPR evaluated only the data on DDT residues in imported meat. The present Meeting received new information on the monitoring of domestic and imported samples for the years 1991, 1992 and 1993, shown in Tables 7-10. All residue values are expressed on a fat basis. The reporting limit was 0.01 mg/kg.
Table 7. Residues of DDT in meat in the USA, 1991 (Anon., 1995d).
|
Species |
No. of samples |
No. of violations |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg fat, in range |
Total No. positive |
|||||||
|
0.01- 0.1 |
0.11-0.2 |
0.21-0.3 |
0.31-0.5 |
0.51-1.0 |
1.01-2.5 |
2.51-5.0 |
>5.0 |
||||
|
Horse |
106 |
0 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Bull |
25 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Steer |
1967 |
0 |
27 |
10 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
45 |
|
Beef cow |
172 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
Heifer |
1327 |
0 |
18 |
5 |
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
26 |
|
Dairy cow |
217 |
0 |
4 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
Formula-fed calf |
319 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Non-formula calf |
243 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Heavy calf |
280 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
Mature sheep |
27 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Lamb |
320 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
Goat |
94 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
Market hog |
329 |
0 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Boar or stag |
61 |
0 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Sow |
253 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
6 |
|
Young chicken |
3197 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
Mature chicken |
338 |
0 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Young turkey |
3267 |
0 |
23 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
Mature turkey |
205 |
0 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Duck |
108 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Goose |
62 |
0 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Rabbit |
81 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Table 8. Residues of DDT in meat in the USA, 1992 (Anon., 1995d).
|
Species |
No. of samples |
No. of violations |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg fat, in range |
Total No. positive |
|||||||
|
0.01-0.1 |
0.11-0.2 |
0.21-0.3 |
0.31-0.5 |
0.51-1.0 |
1.01-2.5 |
2.51-5.0 |
>5.0 |
||||
|
Horse |
98 |
0 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Bull |
1 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Steer |
196 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
Beef cow |
56 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Heifer |
131 |
0 |
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Dairy cow |
240 |
0 |
23 |
9 |
5 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Formula-fed calf |
334 |
0 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Non-formula calf |
293 |
0 |
3 |
7 |
2 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
13 |
|
Heavy calf |
295 |
0 |
29 |
15 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
49 |
|
Mature sheep |
25 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Lamb |
317 |
0 |
13 |
10 |
4 |
7 |
4 |
1 |
|
|
39 |
|
Goat |
104 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
5 |
|
Market hog |
3285 |
2 |
42 |
20 |
12 |
11 |
4 |
2 |
|
2 |
93 |
|
Boar or stag |
60 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
Sow |
259 |
0 |
8 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
16 |
|
Young chicken |
415 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Mature chicken |
321 |
0 |
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Young turkey |
319 |
0 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
Mature turkey |
203 |
0 |
12 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
Duck |
109 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Goose |
38 |
0 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Rabbit |
71 |
0 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Table 9. Residues of DDT in meat in the USA, 1993 (Anon., 1995d).
|
Species |
No. of samples |
No. of violations |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg fat, in range |
Total No. positive |
|||||||
|
0.01- 0.1 |
0.11-0.2 |
0.21-0.3 |
0.31-0.5 |
0.51-1.0 |
1.01-2.5 |
2.51-5.0 |
>5.0 |
||||
|
Horse |
425 |
0 |
17 |
14 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
Bull |
555 |
0 |
13 |
12 |
7 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
34 |
|
Steer |
523 |
0 |
13 |
10 |
|
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
Beef cow |
651 |
0 |
23 |
13 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
Heifer |
546 |
0 |
11 |
8 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
Dairy cow |
272 |
0 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
7 |
2 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
Formula-fed calf |
529 |
0 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Non-formula calf |
458 |
0 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
21 |
|
Heavy calf |
498 |
0 |
52 |
18 |
7 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
85 |
|
Mature sheep |
470 |
0 |
22 |
8 |
8 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
45 |
|
Lamb |
574 |
0 |
39 |
29 |
7 |
4 |
2 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
Goat |
533 |
0 |
17 |
10 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
Market hog |
499 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
Boar or stag |
452 |
1 |
7 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
16 |
|
Sow |
537 |
0 |
12 |
6 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
Young chicken |
498 |
0 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Mature chicken |
457 |
0 |
9 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
Young turkey |
519 |
0 |
10 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
Mature turkey |
228 |
0 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Duck |
322 |
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Goose |
3 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
Rabbit |
84 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Monitoring data for the period January-December 1994 are summarized in Table 10. The reporting limit was 0.04 mg/kg. All residues are expressed on a fat basis.
Table 10. Residues of DDT in meat in the USA, 1994 (Anon., 1995d)
|
Species |
No. of samples |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg fat, in range |
||||||||
|
0.04 |
0.04-0.1 |
0.11-0.2 |
0.21-0.3 |
0.31-0.5 |
0.51-1 |
1.01-2.5 |
2.51-5 |
>5 |
||
|
Cattle |
3955 |
3657 |
151 |
66 |
39 |
31 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
Pigs |
1457 |
1346 |
57 |
27 |
14 |
8 |
3 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Horses |
217 |
213 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poultry |
1990 |
1973 |
13 |
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sheep and goats |
900 |
692 |
91 |
55 |
27 |
15 |
18 |
2 |
|
|
Monitoring of dairy products in New Zealand (Table 11). DDT residues found in the monitoring of dairy products carried out from June 1992 to May 1994 are shown in Table 11. In samples with a fat content of 2% or more "total DDT and metabolites" occurred only as DDE. Two anomalously high residues in cheese of 0.48 and 0.55 mg/kg in the fat, were both considered to be due to stress of the animals caused by an early summer snow storm. In addition to butter, cheese and fortified milk (baby food) the products analysed were anhydrous milk fat (99.9% fat), buttermilk powder (12% fat), whole milk powder (26% fat), whey protein concentrate (1.2% fat), skim milk powder (max. 1.2% fat), casein, caseinate, total milk protein (max. 1.2% fat), lactose and lactalbumin. In all, 2915 samples were analysed (Table 11, last line) using an analytical method with a limit of determination of 0.01 mg/kg.
Table 11. Residues of DDT in dairy products in New Zealand, June 1992 - May 1994 (Jowett and Viggers, 1995).
|
Commodity |
No. of samples |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg fat, in range |
Max. residue, mg/kg fat |
||||
|
0.01 |
0.01-0.099 |
0.1-0.19 |
0.2-0.49 |
0.5-1.0 |
|||
|
Butter |
180 |
29 |
142 |
9 |
|
|
0.13 |
|
Cheese |
398 |
42 |
277 |
61 |
17 |
1 |
0.55 |
|
Fortified milk, Baby food |
295 |
144 |
148 |
3 |
|
|
0.16 |
|
All product groups combined1 |
2915 |
966 |
1748 |
171 |
29 |
1 |
0.55 |
1 Butter, cheese, fortified milk, anhydrous milk fat, buttermilk powder, whole milk powder, whey protein concentrate, skim milk powder, casein, caseinate, total milk protein, lactose, lactalbumin
Monitoring of foods of plant origin in Norway. In Norway, domestic and imported food is routinely analysed for residues of DDT. In the period 1985-1995 12,682 samples of fruit, vegetables and potatoes were analysed with a limit of determination of 0.05 mg/kg (Anon., 1996). Residues were found only in a single sample of imported table grapes in 1994 which contained 1.2 mg/kg DDT, probably owing to illegal use. Results from the monitoring of cereal grains (wheat 411, rye 70, oats 15 samples) during the period 1990-1995 were also received. The residues were below the Norwegian national MRL (before 1994 0.1 mg/kg, since 1994 0.05 mg/kg).
Monitoring of food of plant origin in The Netherlands. The 1993 JMPR reported monitoring data on DDT residues for the period 1987-1991. The present Meeting received additional information for 1991-1993 and 1994 (Tables 12 and 13). In addition 167 samples of tea were analysed during 1991-1993: four samples contained residues of DDT above the LOD of 0.05 mg/kg but below the Dutch MRL of 1 mg/kg.
Table 12. Residues of DDT in foods of plant origin in The Netherlands, 1991-1993 (Anon., 1995e).
|
Product |
No. of samples |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg, in range |
|||
|
<0.05 |
0.05-0.09 |
0.1 or higher |
|||
|
Berries and small fruit: grapes |
999 |
994 |
5 |
|
|
|
Miscellaneous fruit: kiwifruit |
309 |
307 |
2 |
|
|
|
Root and tuber vegetables: carrots |
609 |
606 |
3 |
|
|
|
Fruiting vegetables: sweet peppers |
1129 |
1127 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
cucumbers |
644 |
222 |
2 |
|
|
Leaf vegetables and fresh herbs: lambs lettuce |
310 |
305 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
iceberg lettuce |
557 |
553 |
4 |
|
Table 13. Residues of DDT in foods of plant origin in The Netherlands, 1994 (Anon., 1995e).
|
Product |
No. of samples |
No. of samples with DDT residues, mg/kg, in range |
|||
|
0.025 |
0.025-0.049 |
>0.05 |
|||
|
Berries and small fruit |
103 |
101 |
2 |
|
|
|
Root and tuber vegetables: carrots |
144 |
143 |
1 |
|
|
|
Stem vegetables: celery |
209 |
208 |
1 |
|
|
|
Fruiting vegetables: tomatoes |
332 |
331 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
melons |
164 |
164 |
|
|
|
Leaf vegetables and fresh herbs: iceberg lettuce |
185 |
184 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
parsley |
149 |
148 |
1 |
|
|
Pulses |
23 |
22 |
1 |
|
|
