Kiwifruit

Kiwifruit. A large number of residue trials in New Zealand between 1990 and 1995 (Tillman, 1995d) were all with single-vine plots with 5 replicates per treatment in a randomized block design. All applications were made with a motorized hand lance plot sprayer to the point of run-off. Each vine received approximately 6 litres of spray per application, which was reported as being equivalent to 2000 1/ha. The rate of 0.12 kg ai/ha per application was calculated from the reported spray concentration of 0.006 kg ai/hl and the total spray volume.

The. 1990-93 trials were conducted to determine the efficacious use rates, to study the effects of the timing of the applications and to assess the residues in the crop at various pre-harvest intervals. The whole fruit samples were analysed by HPLC with HPLC-MS for confirmation (Deakyne et al., 1995). All results were corrected for the analytical recovery, which ranged from 88.8 to 96.6%.

The 1994-95 trials were with three alternative use patterns: (a) 4 applications at pre-bloom, 75-95% petal fall, first cover (21-day interval) and second cover (21-day interval); (b) 7 applications, four as (a) followed by three further applications at 21-day intervals; (c) 2 applications at pre-bloom and 75-95% petal fall. Whole kiwifruit were analysed as before.

In two trials in the USA in 1995 (Deakyne, 1996) four applications of the 70WP formulation were made at 0.15 or 0.30 kg ai/ha, giving total treatments of 0.60 or 1.20 kg ai/ha. The airblast applications were made at intervals of 6 to 14 days. The plot sizes were 0.50-0.54 ha.

Single samples were taken 90 days after the last applications. Whole fruit samples were analysed by the method of Deakyne et al. (1995). The residues in the treated samples were all less than 0.5 mg/kg, even from the higher rate.

The results are shown in Table 25.

Table 25. Residues of tebufenozide in kiwifruit.

Country, location, year	Form	Application			PHI, days	Residue, mg/kg	Reference
		No.	kg ai/ha	kg ai/hl
New Zealand	SC	4	a	0.006	10	0.77	Tillman, 1995d
1990-1991					21	0.86
					52	0.21
					115	0.22
New Zealand	SC	4	a	0.012	10	1.69	Tillman, 1995d
1990-1991					21	1.55
					52	0.55
					115	0.34
New Zealand	SC	8	0.092-0.10	0.004	4	0.69	Tillman, 1995d
1992					7	0.57
					14	0.65
					21	0.44
					28	0.22
					42	0.41
New Zealand	SC	8	0.138-0.15	0.006	4	0.85	Tillman, 1995d
1992					7	0.82
					14	0.94
					21	0.92
					28	0.63
					42	0.65
New Zealand	SC	8	0.277-0.30	0.012	4	2.5	Tillman, 1995d
1992					7	2.6
					14	2.28
					21	1.77
					28	1.5
					42	1.3
New Zealand	WP	3	b	0.004	21	0.1	Tillman, 1995d
1992					42	0.06
					72	0.01
					98	0.02
					127	0.01
					147	0.03
New Zealand	WP	3	b	0.006	21	0.18	Tillman, 1995d
1992					42	0.16
					72	0.06
					98	0.05
					127	0.08
					147	0.08
New Zealand	WP	3	b	0.012	21	0.37	Tillman, 1995d
1992					42	0.25
					72	0.1
					98	0.02
					127	0.11
					147	0.07
New Zealand	WDG	10	0.084-0.108	0.006	7	0.75	Tillman, 1995d
1993					14	0.6
					21	0.62
					28	0.58
					35	0.44
					42	0.48
New Zealand	WDG	10	0.168-0.216	0.012	7	1.5	Tillman, 1995d
1993					14	1.4
					21	2.1
					28	1.8
					35	1.3
					42	1.5
New Zealand	WP	4	c	0.003	1	0.28	Tillman, 1995d
1994-1995					7	0.39
					14	0.19
					28	0.16
					107	0.03
New Zealand	WP	4	c	0.006	1	0.65	Tillman, 1995d
1994-1995					7	0.82
					14	0.40
					28	0.31
					107	0.08
New Zealand	WP	4	c	0.012	1	1.1	Tillman, 1995d
1994-1995					7	1.5
					14	1.1
					28	1.1
					107	0.18
New Zealand	WP	7	c	0.006	1	0.39	Tillman, 1995d
1995					7	0.42
					14	0.33
					28	0.29
New Zealand 1995	WP	7	c	0.012	31	0.62	Tillman, 1995d
New Zealand 1994	WP	2	c	0.006	154	0.05	Tillman, 1995d
New Zealand	WP	4	c	0.003	0	0.46	Tillman, 1995d
1994/95					7	0.3
					14	0.26
					28	0.19
					122	0.06
New Zealand	WP	4	c	0.006	0	0.94	Tillman, 1995d
1994-1995					7	0.63
					14	0.93
					28	0.72
					122	0.1.9
New Zealand	WP	4	c	0.012	0	1.7	Tillman, 1995d
1994-1995					7	1.6
					14	1.1
					28	0.47
					122	0.4
New Zealand	WP	7	c	0.006	0	0.92	Tillman, 1995d
1995					8	0.82
					14	0.84
					28	0.58
New Zealand	WP	7	c	0.012	28	1.3	Tillman, 1995d
1995
New Zealand 1994	WP	2	c	0.006	163	0.04	Tillman, 1995d
USA	WP	4	0.150	0.010-0.011	90	0.15	Deakyne, 1996
CA, 1995	WP	4	0.300	0.020-0.022	90	0.49
USA	WP	4	0.150	0.010-0.011	90	0.09	Deakyne, 1996
CA, 1995	WP	4	0.300	0.019-0.021	90	0.19

a Each vine received approximately 5-7 I of spray at each application, which was sprayed to the point of run-off

b Each vine received approximately 5 1 of spray at each application

c Each vine received approximately 6 1 of spray at each application