Citrus fruits

Citrus fruits (Tables 6-7). The use of teflubenzuron on citrus is registered in African countries, where one or two treatments with 0.003-0.011 kg ai/hl are recommended with PHIs of 7 (United Arab Emirates), 21 (Saudi Arabia) and 30 days (South Africa).

In one trial in the USA, grapefruit treated 3 times at a rate of 0.11 kg ai/ha were harvested 45 days after last treatment. In the samples taken, residues of teflubenzuron in whole fruit were 0.05 mg/kg.

Table 6. Residues of teflubenzuron in grapefruit from supervised trials, USA, 1987.

Application			PHI, days	Sample	Residues, mg/kg	Report No.
kg ai/hl	kg ai/ha	No.
0.005	0.112	3	45	whole fruit	0.05	HAS A025.001

Nineteen residue trials were carried out on oranges in Brazil, South Africa and the USA during 1984-1989. In one US trial teflubenzuron was applied three times at a rate of 0.11 kg ai/ha. Whole fruits analysed for teflubenzuron showed residues <0.05 mg/kg 45 or 76 days after the last treatment. Samples from trials in South Africa and Brazil were analysed to determine the distribution of residues between edible pulp and inedible peel. As expected, increasing the spray concentration or the number of applications resulted in increased residues. In nine studies in South Africa the rate of decline of residues was determined after 1 or 2 applications of 0.094-2.3 kg ai/ha.

Residues in the peel decreased from 0.33-11 mg/kg at day 0 to 0.28-6.8 mg/kg at day 53 or 64, and were <0.05-0.12 mg/kg in the pulp both on days 0 and 64.

Two supervised residue trials were carried out on oranges in 1989 in Brazil. After two pre-harvest applications of 0.06 kg/ha or 0.12 kg/ha, residues after 30 days were <0.01 mg/kg in the pulp and 0.34-0.36 mg/kg in the peel.

In six further trials conducted in South Africa and Brazil samples were taken 159 and 160 days after single applications of 0.009-0.03 kg ai/hl sprays. Residues in the peel were <0.05-2.2 mg/kg, and in the pulp <0.05-0.1 mg/kg.

Table 7. Residues of teflubenzuron in oranges from supervised trials.

Country, year	Application			PHI, days	Sample	Residues, mg/kg		Report No.
	kg ai/hl	kg ai/ha	No.
Brazil, 1984	0.009	0.09	1	159	pulp	<0.05		BRA84100601
					peel	2.2
Brazil, 1985	0.009	0.09	2	68	pulp	<0.05		BRA85100601
					peel	1.3
Brazil, 1989	0.003	0.06	2	30	pulp	<0.01		SHGR.90.016
					peel	0.34
Brazil, 1989	0.06	0.12	2	30	pulp	<0.01		SHGR.90.016
					peel	0.36
South Africa, 1984	0.012	0.58	1	0	pulp	0.08		13406-532-2701
				0	peel	3.0
				1	pulp	0.16
				1	peel	2.7
				2	pulp	0.11
				2	peel	2.9
				5	pulp	0.09
				5	peel	2.5
				8	pulp	<0.05
				16	pulp	0.05
				33	pulp	0.01
				33	peel	2.4
				64	pulp	0.02
				64	peel	1.9
South Africa, 1984	0.024	1.2	1	0	pulp		0.11	13406-532-2702
				0	peel		3.6
				1	pulp		0.13
				1	peel		4.3
				2	pulp		0.26
				2	peel		3.4
				5	pulp		0.23
				5	peel		3.4
				8	pulp		0.10
				16	pulp		0.07
				33	pulp		0.02
				33	peel		3.9
				64	pulp		0.07
				64	peel		3.1
South Africa, 1984	0.048	2.3	1	0	pulp		0.12	13406-532-2703
				0	peel		11
				1	pulp		0.30
				1	peel		10
				2	pulp		0.33
				2	peel		8.2
				5	pulp		0.32
				5	peel		8.9
				8	pulp		0.39
				16	pulp		0.28
				33	pulp		0.12
				33	peel		7.2
				64	pulp		0.12
				64	peel		6.8
South Africa, 1985	0.016		1	160	pulp		<0.05	CU 85-87-A
				160	peel		<0.05
South Africa, 1985	0.02		1	160	pulp		<0.05	CU 85-87-B
			'	160	peel		0.06
South Africa, 1985	0.025		1	160	pulp		<0.05	CU 85-87-C
				160	peel		0.06
South Africa, 1985	0.03		1	160	pulp		<0.05	CU 85-87-D
				160	peel		<0.05
South Africa, 1986	0,004	0.094	1	0	pulp		<0.05	86/01/I/K/1A
				0	peel		0.33
				1	pulp		<0.05
				1	peel		0.41
				4	pulp		<0.05
				4	peel		0.28
				6	pulp		<0.05
				6	peel		0.39
				8	pulp		<0.05
				8	peel		0.29
				14	pulp		<0.05
				14	peel		0.36
				25	pulp		<0.05
				25	peel		0.24
				53	pulp		0.05
				53	peel		0.28
South Africa, 1986	0.008	0.19	1	0	pulp		<0.05	86/01/I/K/1B
				0	peel		0.94
				1	pulp		0.05
				1	peel		0.92
				4	pulp		<0.05
				4	peel		0.59
				6	pulp		<0.05
				6	peel		0.85
				8	pulp		<0.05
				8	peel		0.82
				14	pulp		<0.05
				14	peel		0.77
				25	pulp		<0.05
				25	peel		0.60
				53	pulp		<0.05
				53	peel		0.59
South Africa, 1986	0.004	0.094	2	0	pulp		<0.05	86/01/VK/1C
				0	peel		0.55
				7	pulp		<0.05
				7	peel		0.37
				22	pulp		<0.05
				22	peel		0.35
				35	pulp		<0.05
				35	peel		0.47
				49	pulp		<0.05
				49	peel		0.45
South Africa, 1986	0.008	0.19	2	0	pulp		0.10	86/01/I/K/1D
				0	peel		1.4
				7	pulp		<0.05
				7	peel		1.3
				22	pulp		<0.05
				22	peel		0.91
				35	pulp		<0.05
				35	peel		0.95
				49	pulp		0.07
				49	peel		0.87
South Africa, 1986	0.004		2	0	pulp	<0.05		C86-268A
				0	peel	0.73
				7	pulp	0.05
				7	peel	0.36
				14	pulp	<0.05
				14	peel	0.65
				34	pulp	0.10
				34	peel	0.26
South Africa, 1986	0.07		1	0	pulp	0.06		C86-268B
				0	peel	2.6
				7	pulp	<0.05
				7	peel	1.3
				14	pulp	<0.05
				14	peel	1.6
				34	pulp	0.20
				34	peel	0.43
South Africa, 1987	0.006	0.11	3	45	whole fruit	<0.05		HAS A025.001
				45		<0.05
				76		<0.05
				76		<0.05

Underlined values are from treatments according to GAP of the United Arab Emirates (PHI 7 days) or South Africa (PHI 30 days)