Use pattern

Thiram is a protective fungicide and is used as a seed treatment to control a number of fungi that cause "damping off in seedlings and to control seedling blights. It is also widely used as a foliar treatment on fruits, vegetables and ornamentals to control Botrytis species, rust, scab and storage diseases.

Thiram formulations are registered for use in many countries. The Meeting was provided with information on registered uses on fruits, vegetables and other crops (Table 25).

Table 25. Registered uses of thiram.

Crop	Country	Form	Method	Application			PHI, days
				Max rate per applic.	Spray cone. kg ai/hl	No.
Alfalfa	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.261		1
Alfalfa	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.20		1
Apple	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12		7
Apple	Canada	WP	foliar spray		0.075-0.17		1
Apple	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.6-2.4	0.16		Note2
Apple	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.0-3.0	0.20		Note3
Apple	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.2-1.5	0.10	3 Note4	7
Apple	UK	WG	foliar	2.4	0.16		7
Artichoke	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Asparagus	Belgium	WG	soaking		1.6	1	root
Asparagus	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Asparagus	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.6		5
Asparagus	Netherlands	WG	spray	1.6	0.16	1
Asparagus	Netherlands	WP WG	drench		0.16	1	Applied at planting
Barley	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.06-0.07
Barley	Poland	WS	seed treat	0.075-0.11
Barley	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Bean	Denmark	SC	seed treat	0.21		1
Bean	France	WG	spray			1-3
Bean	Germany	DS FS	seed treat	0.20		1
Bean	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Bean	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.08-0.19	1-3	15
Bean, broad	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.08		1
Bean, bush	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.08		1
Bean, field	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Beet	Denmark	SC	seed treat	0.53		1
Beet	France	WG	seed treat	0.48		1
Beet	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.39		1
Beet, red	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.08		1
Beetroot	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.40
Beetroot	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Bilberry	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
Blackberry	Belgium	WG	spray		0.2	1-2	14
Blackberry	Netherlands	WG	spray		0.20	1-2	14
Blackberry	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.0, 2.4	0.20	10	28
Blackberry	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
Brassica veg	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.23
Broccoli	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Brussels sprouts	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Cabbage	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.40		1
Cabbage	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Cabbage	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Carrot	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-2	10
Carrot	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.24
Carrot	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Cauliflower	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Celeriac	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.32
Celeriac	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Celery	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12		7
Celery	Canada	WP	foliar spray		0.11		7
Celery	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Celery	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.40		1
Celery	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.32
Celery	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.08-0.19	1-3	15
Celery	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Chard	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Chard	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.20
Cherries	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	3.0	0.20	4	14
Chicory	Belgium	WG	spray		0.16	1-3	28
Chicory	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Chicory	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Clover	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.26		1
Courgette	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Courgette	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Crab apple	UK	WG	foliar	2.4	0.16		7
Cranberry	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
Cucumber	Belgium	WG	spray		0.2	1-2	3
Cucumber	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.33		1
Cucumber	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.33		1
Cucumber	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Cucumber	Netherlands	WG	soaking		16	1	3
Cucumber	Netherlands	WG	watering		0.32	1-2
Cucumber	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.24
Cucumber	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar G5	0.8 g ai/plant		2	3
Cucumber	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.08-0.19	1-3	15
Cucumber	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Currants, black, red	Denmark	WP	spray	4.8		1-2	last applic. at flowering
Currants	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.0, 2.4	0.20	10	28
Currants.	Netherlands	WG	spray		0.20	1-2	14
Currants, black	UK	WG	spray		0.20-0.40	1-2
Currants, black,	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
red, white
Dewberry	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
Endive	Germany	WP	dusting G	0.98 g/m2		1	42
Escarole	Belgium	WG	spray		0.16	1-3	28
Fennel	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Flax	France	WG	seed treat	0.2		1
Flax	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.26		1
Flax	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.26		1
Flax	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.20		1
Fodder beet	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.39		1
Garlic	France	WG	spray	2.0		1-2
Garlic	Italy	WG	spray		0,13-0.15	1-2	10
Gherkin	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.24
Gooseberries	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.0, 2.4	0.20	10	28
Gooseberry	Belgium	WG	spray		0.2	1-2	28
Grapes	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12		7
Grapes	France	WG	spray	3.2		1-3
Grapes	Greece	WP WG	spray		0.20-0.30	1-2
Grapes	Italy	WG	spray		0.10-0.13
Grapes	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.16-0.24	1-3	15
Grapes, wine	Germany	WG	foliar spray	0.96-2.6	0.16	3	stageb
Grass	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Horseradish	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-2	10
Kale	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Kohlrabi	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Lamb's lettuce	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.32
Leek	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Leek	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.40
Leek	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Legume veg	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.23
		SC
Lentil	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Lettuce	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12-0.16		7
Lettuce	Belgium	WG	spray		0.16	1-3	28
Lettuce	France	WG	spray			1-2	Applied at 17 leaves
Lettuce	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Lettuce	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.30
Lettuce	Netherlands	WG	spray G	0.20 kg ai/m2		1-3	28
Lettuce	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.40		1
Lettuce	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar G	8.0	0.8	1	Note7
Lettuce	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	0.40-0.80	0.20	4	28
Lettuce	Netherlands	DP	dusting G	10		1	28
Lettuce	UK	DP	soil treat	9.6			21
Lettuce	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Lettuce	UK	DP	foliar	4.0		2-3	21
Lettuce	UK	WG	foliar	g	0.32		21
Lettuce	UK	WG	foliar		0.32		14
Lettuce, head	Germany	WP	dusting	0.98 g/m2		1	42
Lettuce, head	Germany	DP	dusting	9.8		1	42
Linseed	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.23
Loganberry	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
Lupin	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.20		1
Lupin	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Maize	Belgium	WP	seed treat	0.19-0.25		1
Maize	France	WG	seed treat	0.16		1
Maize	Germany	DS FS	seed treat	0.20		1
Maize	Germany	WP SC	seed treat	0.20		1
Maize	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Maize	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.23
Maize	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.05-0.06
Maize	UK	SC	seed treat	0.11
Marrow	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Melon	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Melon	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Mustard	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Oats	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Oats	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.06-0.07
Oats	Poland	WS	seed treat	0.075-0.11
Oats	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Oilseed rape	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.44		1
Onion	Canada	GR	at sowing	1.7-6.2		1
Onion	Canada	GR	at sowing	95 g/100 m row
Onion	France	WG	seed treat	0.06		1
Onion	France	WG	spray	2.0		1.2
Onion	Germany	DS WP	seed treat	0.39		1
Onion	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-2	10
Onion	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.40
Onion	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Parsley	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.40		1
Parsley	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.32
Parsley	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Parsnip	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Pea	Denmark	SC	seed treat	0.28		1
Pea	France	WG	spray			1-3
Pea	Germany	DS FS	seed treat	0.20		1
Pea	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0,15		1
Pea	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.08		1
Pea	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Pea, field	Germany	WP SC	seed treat	0.20		1
Peach	Canada	WP	foliar spray		0.11-0.17	4-7	7
Peach	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.4	0.16	4	14
				0.8-2.4 G
Pear	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12		7
Pear	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.0-3.0	0.20	Note8	7
Pear	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.6-3.0	0.16, 0.20	3	7
Pear	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.2-1.5	0.10	Note9	7
Pear	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.6-2.4	0.16	Note10	7
Pear	UK	WG	spray	4.5	0.16	1-6	7
Pear	UK	WG	foliar	2.4	0.16		7
Pepper, sweet	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Pepper, sweet	Netherlands	WG	spray		0.20	1-3	3
Peppers, sweet	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar G	1.0-3.0	0.20	12	3
Peppers, sweet	Netherlands	DP	dusting G	2.0-3.0		2	3
Plum	Canada	WP	foliar spray	5.1		1	dormant
Plums	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	3.0	0.20	4	14
Pome fruit	Belgium	WG	spray		0.1-0.2	1-6	28
Pome fruit	Denmark	SC	spray	1.4-5.3		1-2	Note? 7
Pome fruit	Denmark	WP	spray	4.8		1-2	Note? 7
Pome fruit	Denmark	SC	spray	1.9-6.4		1-2	Note11
Pome fruit	Denmark	WP	spray	6.4		1-2	Note11
Pome fruit	France	WG	spray		0.2	1-6
Pome fruit	Germany	WP WG	foliar spray	1.5-2.4	0.1-0.16	12	10
Pome fruit	Greece	WP WG	spray		0.20-0.30	1-5	15
Pome fruit	Italy	WG	spray		0.15-0.20	1-6	10
Pome fruit	Netherlands	WG	spray	1.4-3.0	0.10-0.20	1-6	7
Pome fruit	Portugal	WG	spray		0.12-0.16	1-6
Pome fruit	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.16-0.24	1-5	15
Poppy	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.39		1
Poppy seed	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.39		1
Poppy seed	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.32
Potato	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-2	10
Potato seed	Denmark	WP	seed treat	0.64		1
Pulses	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.23
		SC
Quince	UK	WG	foliar	2.4	0.16		7
Radish	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.20		1
Radish	Netherlands	WG	spray G	0.80 g ai/m2		1
Radish	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	8.0	0.8	1
Radish	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.24
Radish	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Rape seed	France	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Rape seed	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.44		1
Rape seed	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.30		1
Rape seed	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.24
Rape seed	UK	SC	seed treat	0.015
Raspberry	Belgium	WG	spray		0.2	1-2	14
Raspberry	Netherlands	WG	spray		0.20	1-2	14
Raspberry	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	2.0, 2.4	0.20	10	28
Raspberry	UK	WG	spray		0.16	1-2	7
Raspberry	UK	WG	foliar		0.16		7
Rye	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.20		1
Rye	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.23
Rye	Poland	WS	seed treat	0.075-0.11
Rye	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.06-0.07
Rye	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Shallot	France	WG	spray	2.0		1-2
Soya bean	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.08		1
Spinach	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.20		1
Spinach	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Spinach	Netherlands	WP WG	seed treat	0.32
Spinach	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.40		1
Spinach	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Stem kale	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.44		1
Stone fruit	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12		7
Stone fruit	Belgium	WG	spray		0.2	1-3	14
Stone fruit	France	WG	spray		0.2	1-3
Stone fruit	Greece	WP WG	spray		0.20-0.30	1-4	15
Stone fruit	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-5	10
Stone fruit	Netherlands	WG	spray		0.16-0.20	1-3	14
Stone fruit	Portugal	WG	spray		0.16-0.20	1-4
Stone fruit	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.16-0.24	1-5	15
Strawberry	Australia	WG WP	foliar spray		0.12		7
Strawberry	Belgium	WG	spray G		0.2	1-4	14
Strawberry	Canada	WP	foliar spray		0.11-0.19		3
Strawberry	Denmark	SC WP	spray	5.3-6.0		1-2	7
Strawberry	Germany	WG	foliar spray	3.2	0.16	3	blossom
Strawberry	Greece	WP WG	spray		0.20-0.30	1-2
Strawberry	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-3
Strawberry	Netherlands	WG	spray	3.0	0.20	1-3	14
Strawberry	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar	1.0, 1.2	0.20	12	14
Strawberry	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar G	1.2-2.4	0.20	6	Note12
Strawberry	Portugal	WG	spray		0.12-0.16	1-4
Strawberry	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.16-0.24	1-4	15
Strawberry	UK	WG	spray		0.20-0.40	1-3	7
Strawberry	UK	WG	foliar	1.6			7
Sugar beet	Belgium	WP	seed treat	0.75		1
Sugar beet	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.39		1
Swede	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Swedish turnips	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.44		1
Sweet corn	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.20
Sweet corn	UK	SC	seed treat	0.11
Sweet potato	Canada	WP	dip roots		0.11	1
Tomato	Belgium	WG	spray		0.2		3
Tomato	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Tomato	Netherlands	WG	spray		0.20	1-3	3
Tomato	Netherlands	WP WG	foliar G6	1.0-3.0	0.20	12	3
Tomato	Netherlands	DP	dusting G6	2.0-3.0		2	3
Tomato	UK	WG	spray	4.5-7.2	0.32	1-3	7
Tree nuts	Greece	WP WG	spray		0.20-0.30	1-4	15
Tree nuts	Portugal	WG	spray	1.6-2.4	0.16-0.20	1-4
Tree nuts	Spain	WG WP	spray		0.16-0.24	1-5	15
Triticale	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.06-0.07
Triticale	Poland	WS	seed treat	0.075-0.11
Triticale	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Turnip	Germany	DS	seed treat	0.44		1
Turnip	Germany	WP	seed treat	0.44		1
Turnip	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.15	1-2	10
Turnip	UK	SC	seed treat	0.30
Vetch	Netherlands	WG	seed treat	0.15		1
Watermelon	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Wheat	France	WG	seed treat	0.16		1
Wheat	Poland	FS	seed treat	0.06-0.07
Wheat	Poland	WS	seed treat	0.075-0.11
Wheat	UK	SC	seed treat	0.06
Witloof	Italy	WG	spray		0.13-0.24	1-2	10
Witloof	Netherlands	WG	spray G6	0.20 kg ai/m2		1-3	28
Witloof	Netherlands	WP	seed treat	0.30

¹ Rate refers to kg ai/ha for foliar treatments; kg ai/100 kg seed for seed treatments
² Applied during and just after blossom
³ Applied before blossom
⁴ Later applications
⁵ Glasshouse
⁶ Spraying up to growth stage 35
⁷ Applied 1 week after planting
⁸ Before blossom
⁹ Later applications
¹⁰ During and just after blossom " Before flowering
¹¹ Before flowering
¹² Applied until beginning of flowering