KINGDOM PROTISTA
SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA
PHYLUM MASTIGOPHORA
CLASS DINOFLAGELLIDA
ORDER BLASTODINIDA
FAMILY OODINIDAE
| Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown, 1931) | (B,M) | ||
| Brown and Hovasse, 1946 | |||
| Includes: Amyloodinium-Iike protozoans of Lio-Po, Pascual and Santos, 1983 | |||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Host Mugil cephalus | |||
| Dist: Panay | |||
| Records: Lio-Po et al. 1983; Baticados and Quinitio 1984; Llobrera 1987 | |||
Remarks: Amyloodinium ocellatum is a cosmopolitan, frequently encountered pathogen of marine fishes raised in captivity. Baticados and Quinitio (1984) and Llobrera (1987) reported outbreaks of amyloodiniasis and associated mortalities which occurred in adult flathead mullet held at Tigbauan, Iloilo. | |||
| Amyloodinium sp. | (B) | ||
| Location: gills | |||
| Host: Scatophagus argus | |||
| Dist: Panay | |||
| Records: Cruz 1988; Lio-Po and Barry 1988 | |||
| Oodinidae gen. sp. | (F) | ||
| Includes: Oodinium sp. auctorum | |||
| Location: skin | |||
| Hosts: | Oreochromis mossambicus (2,3) | ||
| O. mossambicus × O. niloticus niloticus (3) | |||
| O. niloticus niloticus (1,2,3) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Records: 1. Guerrero and Paycana 1981a, 2. 1981b; 3. Guerrero 1982 | |||
Remarks: These reports probably pertain to Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schäperclaus, 1954), the only dinoflagellate known to occur on freshwater fish (see Lorn and Dyková 1992). The genus Oodinium as presently defined contains only parasites of marine invertebrates. | |||
Unidentified Dinoflagellida
| Dinoflagellida gen sp. | (B) | |
| Location: gills, skin Host: Chanos chanos Dist: Panay Record: Anon 1973b | ||
CLASS KINETOPLASTIDEA
ORDER KINETOPLASTIDA
SUBORDER TRYPANOSOMATINA
FAMILY TRYPANOSOMATIDAE
| Trypanosoma sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: blood | |||
| Hosts: Acanthophthalmus semicinctus (2) | |||
| Monopterus albus (2) | |||
| unspecified fish (1) | |||
| Dist: Luzon (aquarium) | |||
| Records: 1. Lumanlan et al. 1990 (-), 2.1992 | |||
Remarks: Trypanosoma has not yet been shown to occur in fishes from Philippine natural waters, these records involving fish imported for the aquarium trade or for transshipment which were examined in Quezon City. | |||
SUBORDER BODONINA
FAMILY BODONIDAE
| Cryptobia branchialis Nie in Chen, 1955 | (F,B) | ||
| Location: gill | |||
| Hosts: Chanos chanos (2,3,4,5) | |||
| Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1,6,7,8) | |||
| Dist: Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Panay | |||
Records: 1. Natividad et al. 1986b (Luzon); 2.
Regidor and Arthur 1986 (Luzon), 3. 1990 (-), 4.
1992 (Luzon); 5. Regidor et al. 1986 (-)2; 6.
Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a (-), 7. 1990
(Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Panay); 8.
Lumanlan et al. 1992 (Luzon) | |||
Remarks: Lom and Dyková (1992) note that this species is probably identical with Cryptobia concava (Davis, 1947). | |||
| Cryptobia sp. | (F,B) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis(3) | ||
| Carassius auratus (3) | |||
| Chanos chanos (1) | |||
| Cirrhinus mrigala (3) | |||
| Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (3) | |||
| Mylopharyngodon piceus (3) | |||
| Pangasius sutchi (3) | |||
| Paracheirodon simulans (3) | |||
| Poecilia reticulata (3) | |||
| Tanichthys albonubes (3) | |||
| unspecified fish (2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Anoa 1975; 2. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 3. Lumanlan et al. 19923 | |||
| Ichthyobodo sp. | (F) | ||
| Syn: Costia sp. | |||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (2) | ||
| Carassius auratus (2) | |||
| Cyprinus sp. (2) | |||
| Mylopharyngodon piceus (2) | |||
| unspecified fish (1) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Lio-Po et al. 1983 (-); 2. Lumanlan et al. 19924 | |||
Unidentified Kinetoplastida
| Kinetoplastida gen sp. | (F) | |
| Location: blood | ||
| Host: Tilapia zillii | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
| Record: Anon 1975 | ||
CLASS DIPLOMONADEA
ORDER DIPLOMONADIDA
FAMILY HEXAMITIDAE
| Hexamita sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Hosts: | Leiocassis siamensis | ||
| Xiphophorus maculatus | |||
| Dist: Luzon (aquarium) | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: Hexamita has not yet been shown to occur in fishes from Philippine natural waters, these records involving fish imported for the aquarium trade or for transshipment which were examined in Quezon City. | |||
PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA
CLASS SPOROZOA
SUBCLASS COCCIDIA
ORDER EIMERIIDA
FAMILY EIMERIIDAE
| Goussia carpelli (Léger and Stankovitch, 1921) | (F) | ||
| Dyková and Lorn, 1983 | |||
| Syn: Eimeria carpelli | |||
| Léger and Stankovitch, 1921 | |||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Host: Carassius auratus | |||
| Dist: Luzon (aquarium) | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: This species has not yet been shown to occur in fish from Philippine natural waters, this report involving goldfish imported from Hongkong for the ornamental fish trade which were examined in Quezon City. | |||
Unidentified Sporozoa
| Sporozoa gen sp. | (F) | |
| Location: kidney | ||
| Host Channa striata | ||
| Dist: Philippines | ||
| Record: Lilley et al. 19925 | ||
PHYLUM MICROSPORA
CLASS MICROSPOREA
ORDER MICROSPORIDIA
SUBORDER PANSPOROBLASTINA
FAMILY GLUGEIDAE
| Heterosporis anguillarum (Hoshina, 1951) | (F) | ||
| Lorn, Dyková, Korting and Klinger, 1989 | |||
| Syn.: Pleistophora anguillarum Hoshina, 1951 | |||
| Location: [musculature] | |||
| Hosts: | Anguilla bicolor pacifica | ||
| A. celebensis | |||
| Dist: Philippines | |||
| Record: Boustead 1982 | |||
Remarks: This species has been reported to be a pathogen of cultured eels (Anguilla japonica) in Japan and Taiwan. Severe infections can result in considerable mortality (see Canning and Lorn 1986). | |||
Unidentified Microsporidia
| Microsporidia gen sp. | (B,M) | ||
| Location: external surface of intestine, musculature | |||
| Hosts: | Nemipterus sp. (3) | ||
| Scatophagus argus (1,2) | |||
| Selar crumenophthalmus (3) | |||
| Siganus sp. (3) | |||
| Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (3) | |||
| Dist: Panay, Visayan islands | |||
Records: 1. Lio-Po and Barry 1988 (Panay); 2. Natividad and Gerundo 1988 (Panay); 3. Petersen et al. 1993 (Visayan islands)6 | |||
PHYLUM CILIOPHORA
CLASS KINETOPHRAGMINOPHOREA
SUBCLASS HYPOSTOMATA
ORDER CYRTOPHORIDA
FAMILY CHILODONELLIDAE
| Chilodonella sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis. (3) | ||
| Carassius carassius (1) | |||
| Channa striata (2) | |||
| Epalzeorhynchos frenatum. (3) | |||
| Mugil sp.(3) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Guerrero and Paycana 1981b; 2. Bondad-Reantaso et al. 1990; 3. Lumanlan et al. 19927 | |||
CLASS OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA
SUBCLASS HYMENOSTOMATA
ORDER HYMENOSTOMATIDA
SUBORDER OPHRYOGLENINA
FAMILY ICHTHYOPHTHIRIIDAE
| Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 | (F) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (3) | ||
| Botia macracanthus (3) | |||
| Carassius auratus (3) | |||
| Cirrhinus mrigala (3) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (3) | |||
| Pangasius sutchi (3) | |||
| Paracheirodon simulans (3) | |||
| Petrochromis orthognathus (3) | |||
| Puntius teTRazona (3) | |||
| Rasbora kalochroma (3) | |||
| Xiphophorus maculatus (3) | |||
| Xiphophorus sp. (3) | |||
| unspecified fish (1,2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Remarks: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the causative agent of ichthyophthiriasis, “white spot disease,” or “ich,” is a well known pathogen of freshwater fishes (see Lom and Dyková 1992). | |||
| Ichthyophthirius sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Anguilla sp. (4) | ||
| Oreochromis mossambicus (2,3) | |||
| O. mossambicus × O. niloticus niloticus (3) | |||
| O niloticus niloticus ( 1,2,3) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Guerrero and Paycana 1981a, 2. 1981b; 3. Guerrero 1982; 4. Lio-Po et al. 1983 | |||
Remarks: These reports probably involve Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a cosmopolitan species and the only member of the genus. Lio-Po et al. (1983) noted that Ichthyophthirius caused mortalities of about 20% among fanned eels in Bataan. Velasquez (1986a) listed the host for this record as Anguilla sp. | |||
SUBCLASS PERITRICHIA
ORDER PERITRICHlDA
SUBORDER SESSILINA
FAMILY EPISTYLIDIDAE
| Apiosoma sp. | (F,B) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthysnobilis(5) | ||
| Carassius auratus (5) | |||
| Channa striata (1) | |||
| Chanos chanos (3) | |||
| Moenkhausia collettii (5) | |||
| Mugil sp. (5) | |||
| Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (2,4,5) | |||
| Rasbora kalochroma (5) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon, Mindanao, Panay | |||
Records: 1. Anoa 1975 (Luzon); 2. Natividad et al. 1986b (Luzon); 3. Regidor and Arthur 1986 (Luzon); 4. Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1990 (Luzon, Mindano, Panay); 5. Lumanlan et al. 1992 (Luzon)10 | |||
| Epistylis sp | (F) | ||
| Location: skin | |||
| Hosts: | Carassius carassius (4) | ||
| Channa striata (5) | |||
| Oreochromis mossambicus (2) | |||
| O. mossambicus × O. niloticus niloticus (2) | |||
| O. niloticus niloticus (2,3) | |||
| unspecified fish (1) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 2. Guerrero and Monje 1980; 3. Guerrero and Paycana 1981a, 4.1981b; 5. Bondad-Reantaso et al. 1990 | |||
FAMILY SCYPHIDIIDAE
| Ambiphyra sp. | (B) | ||
| Location: skin | |||
| Host: Chanos chanos | |||
| Dist.: Philippines | |||
Records: Regidor and Arthur 1986; Regidor et al. 1986 | |||
| Riboscyphidia sp. | (B) | ||
| Syn: Scyphidia sp. auctorum | |||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Host: Chanos chanos | |||
| Dist: Luzon, Mindanao, Panay | |||
Records: Anon 1973b (Panay); Regidor and Arthur 1986 (Luzon), 1990 (-), 1992 (Luzon, Mindanao); Regidor et al. 1986 (-) | |||
Remarks: Jankovski (1985) split the genus Scyphidia into several independent genera, Transferring species occurring on marine and freshwater fishes to the genus Riboscyphidia Jankovski, 1985. | |||
SUBORDER MOBILINA
FAMILY TRICHODINIDAE
| TRichodina acuta Lom, 1970 | (F) | |||
| Syn: TRichodinella acuta (Lom, 1970) | ||||
| Location: skin | ||||
| Hosts: | Ctenopharyngodon idella (2,3) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,3) | ||||
| unspecified fish (1) | ||||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||||
Records: 1. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 2. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; 3. Lumanlan et al. 199211 | ||||
Remarks: Davy and Graham (1979) mistakenly listed TRichodina acuta as a Trichodinella. | ||||
| Trichodina centrostrigata Basson, Van As and Paperna,1983 | (F) | |
| Location: gills, skin | ||
| Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus | ||
| Dist: Luzon, Mindanao | ||
Records: Natividad et al. 1986b (Luzon); Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a (-), 1989b (Luzon, Mindanao), 1990 (Luzon, Mindanao) | ||
Remarks: This species was introduced into the Philippines from Africa with the importation of tilapias (see Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989b, 1990). | ||
| Trichodina compacta Van As and Basson, 1989 | (F) | ||
| Syn: Trichodina acuta auctorum | |||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Oreochromis mossambicus (1) | ||
| O. niloticus niloticus (2,3,4,5) | |||
| Tilapia zillii (1) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Duncan 1977; 2. Natividad et al. 1986b; 3. Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a (-), 4.1989b, 5.1990 | |||
Remarks: Arthur (1995) referred all reports of Trichodina acuta from Philippine Nile tilapia to T. compacta, a species considered to have been introduced into the Philippines from Africa along with the importation of tilapias. | |||
| Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 | (F) | ||
| Syn.: Trichodinella heterodentata (Duncan, 1977) | |||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (7,8) | ||
| Ctenopharyngodon idella (7,8) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (7,8) | |||
| Oreochromis mossambicus ( 1 ) | |||
| O. niloticus niloticus (3,4,5,6) | |||
| Tilapia zillii ( 1 ) | |||
| Trichogaster trichopterus (1) | |||
| unspecified fish (2) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon Mindanao, Palawan | |||
Records: 1. Duncan 1977 (Luzon); 2. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 3. Natividad et al. 1986b (Luzon); 4. Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a (-), 5. 1989b (Luzon, Mindanao,Palawan), 6. 1990 (Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan); 7. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989 (Luzon); 8. Lumanlan et al. 1992 (Luzon) | |||
Remarks: Davy and Graham (1979), in a lapsus calami, mistakenly listed this species as belonging to the genus Trichodinella. Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur (1989b, 1990) considered Trichodina heterodentata to have been introduced into the Philippines with the importation of tilapias. | |||
| Trichodina kupermani Arthur and Lom, 1984 | (F) | |
| Location: gills | ||
| Host: Ctenopharyngodon idella | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
Records: Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; Lumanlan et al. 1992 | ||
Remarks: Trichodina kupermani was reported from young grass carp originating from Taiwan and Hongkong which were examined in Quezon City. As fish from Taiwan were later stocked into Caliraya Lake, Laguna Province, this species is probably established in Philippine waters. Shulman (1984) considered T kupermani a synonym of T. mutabilis Kazubski and Migala, 1968, however, we follow Albaladejo and Arthur (1989) in regarding it as distinct | ||
| Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski and Migala, 1968 (F) | (F) | |
| Location: gills | ||
| Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
Records: Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; Lumanlan et al. 1992 | ||
Remarks: This species was reported from juvenile common carp imported from Indonesia which were examined at Quezon City. These fish were subsequently stocked in experimental rice paddies at CenTRal Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija | ||
| Trichodina nigra Lom, 1961 | (F) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (1,2) | ||
| Ctenopharyngodon idella (1,2) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Records: 1. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; 2. Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: This parasite was found on juvenile Chinese carps imported from Hongkong, Taiwan and Indonesia and examined at Quezon City. As these fish were stocked into both aquaculture ponds and natural waters, it is probable that Trichodina nigra is now established in the Philippines. | |||
| Trichodina nobillis Chen, 1963 | (F) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (1,2) | ||
| Ctenopharyngodon idella (1,2) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Records: 1. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; 2. Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: Trichodina nobillis was found on juvenile Chinese carps imported from Hongkong, Taiwan and Indonesia and examined at Quezon City. As these fish were stocked into both aquaculture ponds and natural waters, it is probable that this ciliate is now established in the Philippines. | |||
| Trichodina reticulata | (F) | ||
| Hirs chmann and Partsch, 1955 | |||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Host: Carassius auratus | |||
| Dist: Luzon (aquarium) | |||
Records: Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; Lumanlan et al. 1992 |
|||
Remarks: This parasite was reported from goldfish imported from Hongkong, Singapore and Thailand for the aquarium fish TRade. It has not yet been shown to occur in Philippine natural waters. | |||
| Trichodina siluri Lom, 1970 | (F) | |
| Location: skin | ||
| Host Oreochromis niloticus niloticus | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
| Record: Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989b12 | ||
| Trichodina velasquezae Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur, 1989 | (B) | |
| Location: gills, skin | ||
| Host Oreochromis niloticus niloticus | ||
| Dist: Panay | ||
| Records: Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a, (-), 1989b, 1990 | ||
| Trichodina sp. | (F,B) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichths nobilis (28) | ||
| Carassius auratus (25,28) | |||
| C. carassius (6,7,8) | |||
| Channa striata (26) | |||
| Chanos chanos (1,2,13,14,15,16) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (2) | |||
| Cyprinus sp. (28) | |||
| Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (28) | |||
| Mugil sp.(28) | |||
| Oreochromis mossambicus (2,4) | |||
| O. mossambicus × O. niloticus niloticus (4) | |||
| O. niloticus niloticus (4,5,6,8,10,11,12,23,24,28,29) | |||
| Pangasius sutchi (28) | |||
| Paracheirodon simulans (28) | |||
| Rasbora kalochroma (28) | |||
| Scatophagus argus (21,22) | |||
| Siganus guttatus (19) | |||
| Tanichthys albonubes (28) | |||
| Tilapia zillii(2) | |||
| TRichogaster pectoralis (6,8) | |||
| tilapia (4,7,9) | |||
| top minnow (1) | |||
| unspecified fish (3,17,18,19,20,27) | |||
| Dist: Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Panay | |||
Records: 1. Anon 1973b (Panay), 2. 1975 (Luzon); 3. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 4. Guerrero and Monje 1980 (Luzon); 5. Guerrero and Paycana 1981a (Luzon), 6. 1981b (Luzon), 7. 1982 (Luzon); 8. Guerrero 1982 (Luzon); 9. Quines and Paycana 1983 (Luzon); 10.
Lio-Po et al. 1983 (-); 11. Natividad et al. 1986a (Luzon)13, 12. 1986b (Luzon); 13. Regidor and Arthur 1986 (Luzon), 14. 1990 (-), 15. 1992 (Luzon, Mindanao,
Palawan); 16. Regidor et al. 1986 (-); 17. Natividad 1986 (Luzon)14, 18. 1988 (Luzon); 19. Llobrera 1987 (Luzon,
Panay); 20. Palisoc 1988 (Luzon)15; 21. Cruz 1988 (Panay); 22. Lio-Po and Barry 1988 (Panay); 23. Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989b (Panay), 24. 1990
Panay); 25. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989 (Luzon)16; 26. Bondad-Reantaso et al. 1990 (Luzon); 27. Lumanlan et al. 1990 (-)17, 28. 1992 (Luzon); 29. Yambot and Lopez 1997 (Luzon) | |||
Remarks: Lio-Po et al. (1983) noted that TRichodina was responsible for high mortalities of Nile tilapia fry. | |||
| Trichodinella carpi Duncan 1977 (F) | (F) | ||
| Location: gills | |||
| Hosts: | Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,3) | ||
| unspecified fish (2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Duncan 1977; 2. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 3. Natividad 1987 (-) | |||
Remarks: As noted by Lom and Haldar (1977), this species is probably a synonym of Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950). Lumanlan et al. (1992) considered T. carpi to have been introduced into the Philippines along with common carp. | |||
| Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) | (F) | ||
| Srámek-Husek, 1953 | |||
| Location: gills | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (1,2) | ||
| Carassius auratus (1,2) | |||
| Ctenopharyngodon idella (1,2) | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Records: 1. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989; 2. Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: This parasite was found on juvenile Chinese carps imported from Hongkong, Taiwan, Thailand and Indonesia and from goldfish originating from Hongkong which were examined at Quezon City. As the Chinese carps were stocked into both aquaculture ponds and natural waters, it is probable that TRichodinella epizootica, if not already present, is now established in the country. | |||
| Trichodinella sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: gills | |||
| Hosts: | Chanos chanos | ||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio | |||
| Oreochromis mossambicus | |||
| Tilapia zillii | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Anon. 1975 | |||
Remarks: The report of Trichodinella from Chanos chanos is probably a misidentification; material reported only as Trichodinella by Regidor et al. (1986) and as Trichodinidae by Regidor and Arthur (1986) is referred to Tripartiella sp. | |||
| Tripartiella spatula Van As and Basson, 1986 | (F,B) | ||
| Syn: Tripartiella clavodonta Basson and Van As, 1987 | |||
| Location: gills | |||
| Host: Oreochromis niloticus niloticus | |||
| Dist: Luzon, Panay | |||
Records: Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a (-), 1989b, 1990 | |||
Remarks: The synonymy follows Arthur (1995). Tripartiella spatula was erroneously listed as a junior synonym of T. clavodonta by Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur (1989b). This species was introduced into the Philippines with the importation of tilapias (see Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989b, 1990). | |||
| Tripartiella tilapiae (Duncan, 1977) | (F, B) | |||
| Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur, 1989 | ||||
| Syn: Trichodinella tilapiae Duncan, 1977 | ||||
| Location: gills | ||||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis (5,6) | |||
| Ctenopharyngodon idella (5,6) | ||||
| Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (2,3,4) | ||||
| Tilapia zillii (I) | ||||
| Dist: Luzon, Panay | ||||
Records: 1. Duncan 1977 (Luzon); 2. Bondad-Reantaso and Arthur 1989a (-), 3. 1989b (Panay), 4. 1990 (Panay); 5. Albaladejo and Arthur 1989 (Luzon); 6. Lumanlan et al. 1992 (Luzon) | ||||
Remarks: The reports of Albaladejo and Arthur (1989) and Lumanlan et al. (1992) pertain to juvenile Chinese carps imported from Hongkong and Taiwan which were examined at Quezon City. These fish were subsequently stocked into aquaculture ponds and natural waters on Luzon Island. Lumanlan et al. (1992) considered Tripartiella tilapiae to have been introduced into the Philippines along with imported tilapias. | ||||
| Tripartiella sp. | (F,B) | |||
| Includes: | Trichodinella sp. of Regidor, Diestro and Arthur, 1986 Trichodinidae gen sp. of Regidor and Arthur, 1986 | |||
| Location: gills, skin | ||||
| Host: Chanos chanos | ||||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||||
Records: Regidor et al. 1986 (-); Regidor and Arthur 1986,1990 (-), 1992 | ||||
| Trichodinidae gen sp. | (B.M) | ||
| Location: gills, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Lates calcarifer (2) | ||
| Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (1) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Natividad et al. 1986b; 2. ADB/NACA 1991 (-) | |||
PHYLUM MYXOZOA18
CLASS MYXOSPOREA
ORDER BIVALVULIDA
SUBORDER PLATYSPORINA
FAMILY MYXOBOLIDAE
| Henneguya sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: fins | |||
| Hosts: | Clarias batrachus (1) | ||
| unspecified fish (2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Anon. 1975; 2. Davy and Graham 1979 (-) | |||
| Myxobolus artus Akhmerov, 1960 | (F) | ||
| Location: mesenteries, musculature | |||
| Hosts: | Ctenopharyngodon idella | ||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: Recorded in common carp and grass carp imported for aquaculture which were examined in Quezon City, this pathogen is now probably established in Philippine natural waters. | |||
| Myxobolus ellipsoides Thélohan, 1892 | (F) | ||
| Location: gills | |||
| Host: | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | ||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: The sole report of this species from the Philippines involves silver carp imported from Taiwan for use in aquaculture which were examined in Quezon City. It may now be established in natural waters. | |||
| Myxobolus koi Kudo, 1920 | (F) | ||
| Location: gills, musculature | |||
| Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: Myxobolus koi was found in common carp imported from Indonesia for culture in the Philippines and may now be established in the country. | |||
| Myxobolus pavlovskii (Akhmerov, 1954) | (F) | |||
| Shulman and Shtein in Bykhovsky, 1962 | ||||
| Location: gills | ||||
| Hosts: | Carassius auratus | |||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio | ||||
| Hypothalmichthys molitrix | ||||
| Dist: Luzon | ||||
| Records: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | ||||
Remarks: Myxobolus pavlovskii was found in common carp and silver carp imported from Indonesia and Taiwan, respectively, for culture in the Philippines, and in goldfish imported from Hongkong for the ornamental fish trade. This pathogen is probably now. established in natural waters. | ||||
| Myxobolus sp. | (F) | |||
| Syn.: Myxosoma sp. | ||||
| Location: gills, mesenteries, skin | ||||
| Hosts: | Carassius auratus (4) | |||
| Clarias batrachus (1) | ||||
| Mylopharyngodon piceus (4) | ||||
| unspecified fish (2,3) | ||||
| Dist: Luzon | ||||
Records: 1. Anon. 1975; 2. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 3. Lumanlan et al. 1990 (-)19, 4.1992 | ||||
| Thelohanellus nikolskii Akhmerov, 1955 | (F) | |||
| Location: fins | ||||
| Host Cyprinus carpio carpio | ||||
| Dist: Luzon | ||||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | ||||
Remarks: This myxosporean was found in common carp imported from Indonesia for culture in the Philippines and may now have become established in natural waters. Heavy infections can cause fin amputation (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Shulman (1966) considered this species a synonym of T. dogieli Akhmerov, 1955. We follow Lom and Dyková (1992) in regarding it as distinct | ||||
SUBORDER VARIISPORINA
FAMILY MYXIDIIDAE
| Coccomyxa hoffmani Cheung and Nigrelli, 1990 | (M) | |
| Location: cartilage of gill filaments and arches | ||
| Host: Plotosus lineatus | ||
| Dist: Philippines | ||
| Record: Cheung and Nigrelli 1990 | ||
Remarks: This species was described from coral catfish originating from the Philippines which were examined at the New York Aquarium. | ||
| Myxidium sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: gall bladder | |||
| Hosts: | Aristichthys nobilis | ||
| Ctenopharyngodon idella | |||
| Pantodon buchholzi | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 199220 | |||
FAMILY CERATOMYXIDAE
| Ceratomyxa sp. | (M) | |
| Location: gall bladder | ||
| Host: Chanos chanos | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
| Records: Regidor and Arthur 1990 (-), 1992 | ||
| Leptotheca sp. | (M) | |
| Location: kidney | ||
| Host: Chanos chanos | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
Records: Regidor and Arthur 1986, 1990 (-), 1992; Regidor et al. 1986 (-) | ||
FAMILY CHLOROMYXIDAE
| Chloromyxum ellipticum Lee and Nie, 1965 | (F) | ||
| Location: gall bladder | |||
| Host: Ctenopharyngodon idella | |||
| Dist. : Luzon | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 1992 | |||
Remarks: The only record of this species from the Philippines involves grass carp imported from Hongkong for aquaculture which were examined in Quezon City. | |||
| Chloromyxum sp. | (F) | ||
| Location: gall bladder | |||
| Hosts: | Botia macracanthus | ||
| Leiocassis siamensis | |||
| Dist.: Luzon (aquarium) | |||
| Record: Lumanlan et al. 199221 | |||
ORDER MULTIVALVULIDA
FAMILY PENTACAPSULIDAE
| Pentacapsula muscularis Cheung, Nigrelli and Ruggieri, 1983 | (M) | |
| Location: musculature | ||
| Host: Chaetodon collare | ||
| Dist.: Philippines | ||
| Record: Cheung et al. 1983 | ||
Remarks: This myxosporean was described from redtail butterflyfish originating from the Philippines which were held in captivity at the New York Aquarium. | ||
FAMILY SEPTEMCAPSULIDAE
| Septemcapsula yasunagai Hsieh and Chen, 1984 | (M) | |
| Location: brain, endolymph of utriculus | ||
| Host: Plotosus lineatus | ||
| Dist.: Philippines | ||
| Record: Cheung and Nigrelli 1990 | ||
Remarks: Cheung and Nigrelli (1990) referred to their material as Septemcapsula yasunagai var. plotosi. Coral catfish originating from Philippine waters which were held at the New York Aquarium exhibited whirling behaviour and associated mortalities which were attributed to infection by this myxosporean. | ||
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
SUBKINGDOM EUMETAZOA
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
CLASS TREMATODA
SUBCLASS DIGENEA
ORDER STRIGEIDA
SUPERFAMILY CLINOSTOMOIDEA
FAMILY CLINOSTOMIDAE
| Clinostomoides brieni Dollfus, 1950 metacercaria | (F) | |||
| Syn: Clinostomum ophicephali Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1944 | ||||
| Location: gill cavity, gills, gall bladder periocular tissues, branchiostegal musculature, pericardium | ||||
| Hosts: | Channa striata (1,3) | |||
| Clarias batrachus (2,3) | ||||
| C. macrocephalus (4) | ||||
| Dist: Luzon | ||||
Records: 1. Tubangui and Masiluñgan 1944; 2. Velasquez 1960, 3. 1988; 4. Hanviriyapant 1977 | ||||
Remarks: The synonymy follows Velasquez (1975a). | ||||
| Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) | (F) | |||
| Braun, 1899 metacercaria | ||||
| Syn.: Clinostomum dalagi Tubangui, 1933 | ||||
| Location: | periocular tissues, gill cavity, branchiostegal musculature, pericardium | |||
| Host: Channa striata | ||||
| Dist: Luzon | ||||
| Records: Tubangui 1933b; Velasquez 1988 | ||||
Remarks: The synonymy follows Velasquez (1975a). | ||||
| Clinostomum philippinensis Velasquez, 1960 metacercaria | (F) | ||
| Location: | branchiostegal musculature, periocular tissues, pericardium, gill cavity, tissues under pectoral fins | ||
| Host: Channa striata | |||
| Dist: Luzon, Mindanao | |||
Records: Velasquez 1960 (Luzon), 1966 (Luzon), 1975a (Luzon, Mindanao), 1988 (Luzon) | |||
Remarks: Velasquez (1960) reported that she was able to experimentally infect fish-eating birds (herons and bittern) by feeding metacercariae of Clinostomum philippinensis obtained from snakehead. Velasquez (1986a) included this species among those helminths transmissable to man. | |||
| Clinostomum sp. metacercaria | (F) | ||
| Location: periocular tissues | |||
| Hosts | Channa striata (2) | ||
| unspecified fish (1) | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Davy and Graham 1979 (-); 2. Quines and Paycana 1983 (Luzon) | |||
| Euclinostomum multicaecum Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1935 metacercaria | (F) | |
| Location: musculature | ||
| Host: Channa striata | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
Records: Tubangui and Masiluñgan 1935; Velasquez 1960 | ||
Remarks: A redescription of the metacercaria was provided by Velasquez (1960). | ||
Unidentified Clinostomidae
| Clinostomidae gen. sp. | (F) | |||
| Location: | eyes, opercular and pericardial cavities, musculature | |||
| Hosts: | Anabas testudineus | |||
| Channa striata | ||||
| Clarias macrocephalus | ||||
| Cyprinus carpio carpio | ||||
| Dist.: Philippines | ||||
| Records: Velasquez 1974, 1976b, 1977a, 1986a | ||||
SUPERFAMBLY DIPLOSTOMOIDEA
FAMILY DIPLOSTOMATIDAE
SUBFAMILY CRASSIPHIALINAE
| Posthodiplostomum grayi (Verma, 1936) Dubois, 1938 metacercaria | (F) | |||
| Syn.: Neodiplostomum larai Refuerzo and Garcia, 1937 | ||||
| Location: [body cavity] | ||||
| Hosts: | Arius manillensis | |||
| Channa striata | ||||
| Chanos chanos | ||||
| Clarias batrachus | ||||
| Glossogobius giuris | ||||
| Terapon plumbeus | ||||
| Dist.: Philippines | ||||
| Record: Vazquez-Colet 1943a | ||||
| Remarks: The synonymy follows Dubois (1970). | ||||
| Posthodiplostomum sp. metacercaria | (F) | |||
| Location: scales | ||||
| Host: Channa striata | ||||
| Dist.: Philippines | ||||
| Record: Velasquez 1976b, 1977a | ||||
SUBFAMILY DIPLOSTOMINAE
| Diplostomulum sp. metacercaria | (F) | |
| Location: brain, intestine, musculature | ||
| Host: Channa striata | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
| Records: Lopez 1986, 1988 | ||
Remarks: Diplostomulum is a larval genus-group for metacercariae belonging to the Diplostominae whose generic affinities are unknown. | ||
| Neodiplostomum sp. metacercaria | (F) | ||
| Location: scales, skin | |||
| Hosts: | Arius manillensis (1) | ||
| Channa striata (1,2,3) | |||
| Clarias batrachus (1) | |||
| Terapon plumbeus (1) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Vazquez-Colet and Africa 1939; 2. Velasquez 1986a (-), 3. 1988 | |||
FAMILY STRIGEIDAE
Unidentified Strigeidae
| Strigeidae gen. sp. metacercaria | (F) | |
| Location: musculature | ||
| Host: unspecified fish | ||
| Dist: Mindanao | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1986b22 | ||
SUPERFAMILY GYMNOPHALLOIDEA
FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE
| Alcicornis cirrudiscoides Velasquez, 1959 | (M) | |
| Location: intestine | ||
| Host: Caranx sp. | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
| Bucephalus fragilis Velasquez, 1959 | (M) | |
| Location: intestine | ||
| Host: Megalaspis cordyla | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
| Bucephalus leognathi Velasquez, 1959 | (M) | |
| Location: intestine | ||
| Host: Leiognathus sp. | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
| Bucephalus paraheterotentaculatus | (M) | |
| Velasquez, 1959 | ||
| Location: stomach, intestine | ||
| Host: Seriolina nigrofasciata | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
Remarks: Velasquez (1966, Table 1) in an apparent lapsus calami, listed Bucephalus heterotentaculatus as being described from Seriola nigrofasciata (syn. of Seriolina nigrofasciata) from the Philippines. As her Table 1 summarized new taxa established by Dr. Velasquez, this listing must pertain to B. paraheterotentaculatus and not to B. heterotentaculatus Bravo Hollis and Solgandares-Bernal, 1956, a species which has never been reported from the Philippines. | ||
| Bucephalus various Manter, 1940 | (M) | ||
| Syn: Bucephalus pseudovaricus Velasquez, 1959 | |||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Host: Caranx sp. | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | |||
Remarks: The synonymy follows Velasquez (1975a). Velasquez (1959) also reported this species from the gills, however; this finding was probably the result of stomach eversion during host capture. | |||
| Prosorhynchoides philippinorum (Velasquez, 1959) n. comb. | (M) | ||
| Syn.: Bucephaloides philippinorum Velasquez, 1959 | |||
| Location: stomach | |||
| Host: Sphyraena langsar | |||
| Dist: Luzon | |||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | |||
Remarks: Srivastava and Chauhan (1973) synonymized the genus Bucephaloides Hopkins, 1954 with Prosorhynchoides Dollfus, 1929. The finding of this species on the gills was probably the result of stomach eversion during host capture. | |||
| Prosorhynchoides sibi (Yamaguti, 1940) n. comb. | (M) | ||
| Syn.: Bucephaloides sibi (Yamaguti, 1940) | |||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Host: Euthynnus affinis | |||
| Dist: Palawan | |||
| Record: Fischthal and Kuntz 1964d | |||
| Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1905 metacercaria | (M) | |
| Location: gills, musculature | ||
| Host: Acanthopagrus berda | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Records: Velasquez 1959, 1966 | ||
Remarks: Specimens reported from the musculature and gills of Sparus berda (syn. of Acanthopagrus berda) by Velasquez (1959) were immature and thus most probably metacercariae. | ||
| Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1905 | (M) | ||
| Syn: Prosorhynchus triangularis Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1944 | |||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Host: Glossogobius giuris | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Tubangui and Masiluñgan 1944 | |||
Remarks: The description of Prosorhynchus triangularis by Tubangui and Masiluñgan (1944) was based on a single specimen from the intestine of a freshwater fish, Glossogobius guirus. Velasquez (1975a) notes that she did not encounter P. crucibulum in over 1000 fish examined from the Manila area. The synonymy follows Velasquez (1975a). | |||
| Prosorhynchus longus Velasquez, 1959 | (M) | |
| Location: stomach | ||
| Host: Psettodes erumei | ||
| Dist: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
| Prosorhynchus luzonicus Velasquez, 1959 | (M) | |
| Location: intestine | ||
| Host: Lates calcarifer | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
| Prosorhynchus mcintoshi (Velasquez, 1959) Yamaguti, 1971 metacercaria | (M) | ||
| Syn: Neidhartia mcintoshi Velasquez, 1959 | |||
| Location: musculature | |||
| Host: Epinephelus bleekeri | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | |||
| Remarks: The synonymy follows Velasquez (1975a). | |||
| Prosorhynchus mcintoshi (Velasquez, 1959) Yamaguti, 1971 | (M) | ||
| Syn: Neidhartia mcintoshi Velasquez, 1959 | |||
| Location: stomach, intestine | |||
| Host: Epinephelus bleekeri | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | |||
| Prosorhynchus pacificus Manter, 1940 | (M) | |
| Location: [intestine] | ||
| Host: Epinephelus malabaricus | ||
| Dist.: Philippines | ||
| Record: Leong and Wong 1990 | ||
Remarks: Leong and Wong (1990) reported this species from juvenile grouper imported from the Philippines for culture in Malaysia. | ||
| Prosorhynchus paracrucibulus Velasquez, 1959 metacercaria | (M) | |
| Location: scales | ||
| Host: Ambassis buruensis | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
Remarks: As the specimens upon which the description of this species was based were found on the scales and noted to be immature, we regard them as metacercariae. | ||
| Rhipidocotyle eggletoni Velasquez, 1959 metacercaria | (M) | ||
| Location: musculature | |||
| Hosts: | Gazza minuta | ||
| Sillago sihama | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | |||
Remarks: As the specimens upon which the description of this species was based were found in the musculature and were immature, we regard them as metacercariae. | |||
| Rhipidocotyle laruei Velasquez, 1959 | (M) | |
| Location: stomach, intestine | ||
| Host: Psettodes erumei | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1959 | ||
FAMILY FELLODISTOMIDAE
| Monodhelmis torpedinis Dollfus, 1937 | (M) | ||
| Syn.: Monodhelmis philippinensis Velasquez, 1961 | |||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Host: Netuma thalassina | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Record: Velasquez 1961a | |||
Remarks: The synonymy follows Cribb and Bray (1994). | |||
SUPERFAMILY HEMIUROIDEA
FAMILY AZYGITOAE
| Azygia pristipomai Tubangui, 1928 | (B,M) | ||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Hosts: | Glossogobius giuris (2,5) | ||
| Pomadasys argenteus (1) | |||
| Terapon jarbua (4) | |||
| T. plumbeus (3,5) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
Records: 1. Tubangui 1928; 2. Tubangui and Masiluñgan 1944; 3. Velasquez 1966, 4. 1974 (-), 5. 1988 | |||
FAMILY BUNOCOTYLIDAE
SUBFAMILY APHANURINAE
| Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891) Looss, 1907 | (M) | |
| Location: intestine | ||
| Host: Herklotsichthys dispilonotus | ||
| Dist.: Palawan | ||
| Record: Fischthal and Kuntz 1964c | ||
SUBFAMILY OPISTHADENINAE
| Genolinea awa (Yamaguti, 1965) n. comb. | (M) | ||
| Syn.: Pseudobunocotyla awa Yamaguti, 1965 | |||
| Location: intestine | |||
| Host: Chanos chanos | |||
| Dist.: Mindanao | |||
| Records: Regidor and Arthur 1990 (-), 1992 | |||
Remarks: Gibson and Bray (1979) list Pseudobunocotyla Yamaguti, 1965 as a synonym of Genolinea Manter, 1925. | |||
FAMILY DICTYSARCIDAE
| Elongoparorchis pneumatis Rao, 1961 | (M) | |||
| Syn.: Pelorohelmins palawanensis Fischthal and Kuntz, 1964 | ||||
| Location: swim bladder23 | ||||
| Hosts: | Gazza minuta (1) | |||
| Netuma thalassina (2,3) | ||||
| Dist.: Palawan | ||||
| Records: 1. Fischthal and Kuntz 1964d; 2. Velasquez 1974 (-)24, 3. 1975a | ||||
Remarks: Gibson and Bray (1979) synonymized Pelorohelmins Fischthal and Kuntz, 1964 with Elongoparorchis Rao, 1961. This decision was upheld by Jones and Khalil (1984), who proposed the above synonymy. | ||||
FAMILY DIDYMOZOIDAE
| Didymozoon bravohollisae Velasquez, 1970 | (M) | |
| Location: base of gill arches | ||
| Host: Sphyraena sp. | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1970 | ||
Remarks: The listing of this parasite from Sphyraena langsar by Velasquez (1977a) is due to an error, several lines of her table having been omitted (compare Velasquez 1974 with 1977a). | ||
| Torticaecum nipponicum Yamaguti, 1942 | (M) | ||
| Location: intestine, musculature | |||
| Hosts: | Eleotris fusca (1) | ||
| Sillago sihama (2) | |||
| ? Terapon jarbua (2) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon, Palawan | |||
Records: 1. Fischthal and Kuntz 1964d (Palawan); 2. Velasquez 1975a (Luzon) | |||
Remarks: In her monograph on the Digenea of Philippine fishes, Velasquez (1975a) listed Torticaecum nipponicum from “bagaong,” the tagalog common name given for Terapon jarbua in her host-parasite list; however, she did not list this parasite under this host species. Although not clearly indicated, her listing of this parasite from Eleotris fusca is considered to pertain only to the record Fischthal and Kuntz (1964d) from Palawan Island. Torticaecum nipponicum is a larval name. | |||
Unidentified Didymozoidae
| Didymozoidae gen. sp. | (M) | ||
| Location: intestine, musculature | |||
| Hosts: | Euthynnus affinis (1) | ||
| ? Puntius binotatus (I)25 | |||
| Synaptura sorsogonensis (2) | |||
| ? Terapon jarbua (2) | |||
| Dist: Luzon, Palawan, Visayan islands | |||
Records: 1. Fischthal and Kuntz 1964d (Palawan); 2. Velasquez 1975a (Luzon, Visayan islands) | |||
Remarks: In her monograph on the Digenea of Philippine fishes, Velasquez (1975a) listed “Immature Didymozoid A” from “bagaong”, the tagalog common name given for Terapon jarbua in her host-parasite list However, she did not list this parasite under this host species. Although not clearly indicated, her listings of didymozoid larvae in Euthynnus yaito (syn. of E. affinis ) and Puntius binotatus are considered to pertain only to the report by Fischthal and Kuntz (1964d) from Palawan Island. | |||
FAMILY HEMIURIDAE
SUBFAMILY DINURINAE
| Erilepturus hamati (Yamagati, 1934) Manter 1947 | (M) | |||
| Syn.: | Lecithochirium neopacificus Velasquez, 1962 | |||
| Lecithocladium neopacificum (Velasquez, 1962) | ||||
| Location: stomach | ||||
| Hosts: | Epinephelus malabaricus (2) | |||
| Lates calcarifer (1) | ||||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||||
| Records: 1. Velasquez 1962; 2. Leong and Wong 1990 (-) | ||||
| Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray et al. (1993a), who provide a detailed review and redescription of this species. Leong and Wong (1990) reported Lecithochirium neopaciflcus from grouper imported into Malaysia from the Philippines. Velasquez (1974, 1977a) listed this species as Lecithocladium neopacificum. | ||||
| Erilepturus lemeriensis | (M) | |||
| (Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1935) Manter, 1947 | ||||
| Syn.: | Ectenurus lemeriensis Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1935 | |||
| Location: stomach, intestine | ||||
| Hosts: | ? Glossogobius giuris (2) 26 | |||
| Scomberoides lysan (3,4) | ||||
| Scomberoides sp. (1) | ||||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||||
| Records: 1. Tubangui and Masiluñgan 1935, 2. 1944; 3. Velasquez 1962, 4. 1966 | ||||
| Remarks: Bray et al. (1993a) noted that Erilepturus lemeriensis is possibly a synonym of E. hamati. | ||||
SUBFAMILY ELYTOPHALLINAE
| Lecithocladium angustiovum Yamaguti, 1953 | (M) | ||
| Location: stomach, intestine | |||
| Hosts: | Atule mate (3) | ||
| Rastrelliger kanagurta (1,2) | |||
| Dist.: Luzon, Palawan, Visayan islands | |||
Records: 1. Velasquez 1962 (Luzon, Visayan islands), 2. 1966 (Luzon, Visayan islands); 3. Fischthal and Kuntz 1964c (Palawan) | |||
Remarks: Gibson and Bray (1986) listed Lecithocladium angustiovum of Fischthal and Kuntz, 1964 as a probable synonym of L. megalaspis Yamaguti, 1953. | |||
| Lecithocladium apolecti Velasquez, 1962 | (M) | |
| Location: stomach | ||
| Host: Parastromateus niger | ||
| Dist.: Luzon | ||
| Record: Velasquez 1962 | ||
| Lecithocladium chingi Manter and Pritchard, 1960 | (M) | ||
| Location: stomach | |||
| Hosts: | Naso hexacanthus | ||
| N. vlamingii | |||
| Dist: Mactan | |||
| Record: Machida and Uchida 1990 | |||
| Lecithocladium megalaspis Yamaguti, 1953 | (M) | ||
| Location: stomach, intestine | |||
| Host: Megalaspis cordyla | |||
| Dist.: Luzon | |||
| Records: Velasquez 1962, 1966 | |||
5 This report is found only in the caption to Plate 4, Figure e of Lilley et al. (1992).
12 This report involves a tentative parasite identification.
25 As Puntius binotatus is a freshwater cyprinid, this report may involve a host misidentification.
