BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 39
Author: |
Fu Mingzou |
Title: |
Seasonal climatic environment of
desertification in coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and
Bohai Sea |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research.
14(1):31-40 |
Date: 1994 |
Language: Chinese |
Classification: |
2Ea, 2Eb, 3Ac, 4Ba, 4Bb, 4Bc |
Region: |
Eastern China |
Summary: |
The coastal climate of the Yellow
and Bohai Seas is controlled by the East Asia continental
air mass during winter and spring and the West Pacific
oceanic air mass. The former helps create an arid and
windy decertified environment with rare precipitation,
low air humidity, high daily temperature differences,
high aridity and frequent strong winds. The climatic
conditions in winter and spring of the coastal areas of
the Bohai are similar to those of the inland desert of
northern China. In coastal areas of the Yellow Sea,
strong winds are frequent and the climate is very dry in
winter, making the area desertification-prone. During
summer and autumn precipitation is quite sufficient and
wind infrequent and weak, making the climate favourable
for plant growth. Coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and
Bohai Sea are therefore subject to seasonal
desertification. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 40
Authors: |
Guan Guilan, Wang Weiwei and Yang
Yusuo (Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Pedology and Desert
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences) |
Title: |
Studies on the rhizobia resources
in Xinjiang arid areas and their symbiotic nitrogen
fixation attributes |
Publisher: |
Acta Microbiologica Sinica.
31(5):396-404 |
Date: |
1991 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
6Ee |
Region: |
Xinjiang, China |
Summary: |
Strains of rhizobia were isolated
from 109 species that belong to 31 genera; 88 strains
were rhizobia acquired from nodules of plants where
nodulation was not reported. Ninety-five percent of the
nodules formed by these rhizobia were efficient in
nitrogen fixation. Nodules from Astragalus genus
plants possessed high nitrogen fixing ability, the
maximum level was 42 times more than that of soybean
nodules in the same locality. Uptake hydrogenous activity
was detected in 97 percent of 37 species from 20 genera.
Both nitrogenous and hydrogenous activities are closely
related to the growth of plants. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 41
Authors: |
Guan Guilan, Wang Weiwei and Yang
Yusuo |
Title: |
Nitrogen fixation plant resources
in the arid regions of Xinjiang |
Publisher: |
Science Press Dn.202 |
Date: |
1991 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Available: |
Chinese Academy of Forestry |
Classification: |
2Eb, 6Eb |
Region: |
Xinjiang, China |
Summary: |
This book presents research
conducted during the last decade on nitrogen fixation
plant resources in the arid regions in Xinjiang The
biological character of the legume species with root
nodules and associated nitrogen fixation nodule bacteria
species, nodule bacteria populations and their
physiological and biochemical reactions and stress
resistant capacities and the effectiveness of nodule
bacteria application in arid areas is systematically
discussed. Special attention is given to land-distributed
nitrogen fixation algae species, distribution patterns in
arid regions in Xinjiang, ecological conditions,
population characteristics, physiological functions and
application potential. Valuable germplasm resources of
plant species that possess the root nodules were firstly
identified. Of the 20 000 legume species in the world, 3
000 possess nitrogen fixation root nodules; 85 percent of
these have not yet been systematically studied. Even in
areas such as Xinjiang, which possesses large areas of
desertificated or saline land, nitrogen fixation plant
resources adapt to the arid environment. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 42
Author: |
Han Shuti (Geography Department,
Xinjiang University) |
Title: |
Environmental change of
inland-type climate during the late period of late
Pleistocene in northern Xinjiang |
Publisher: |
Geographical Research. 12(2):47-54 |
Date: |
l993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B, 2Cb, 3C, 4Aa |
Region: |
Xinjiang |
Summary: |
This paper uses sedimentary
profiles, i.e. representative Hole A combined with
age-determination data, to systematically study various
environmental elements of Balikun Lake in northern
Xinjiang. The sedimentary environment provides indicators
of biological, physical and chemical processes in arid
land, which confirm that environmental change of Balikun
Lake evolved during a period of alternating cold-wet and
warm-dry climates. This inland-type climate has been
influenced by environmental change factors since the late
period of late Pleistocene. Given the region's special
geographic position, studies of these phenomenon provide
a model for inland-type climates and support other
regional studies in global climate change. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 43
Authors: |
Han Siming and Yang Chunfeng
(Northwestern Agricultural University) |
Title: |
Stubble mulching in drylands on
the Loess Plateau in China |
Publisher: |
Agricultural Research in the Arid
Areas. (3): l -12 |
Date: |
1988 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
3Ab, 6Ce |
Region: |
Loess Plateau, Shaanxi |
Summary: |
In order to find effective
measures for storing water and conserving moisture,
experiments in stubble mulching have been conducted in
Chengcheng, Qianxian and Wugong counties, Shaanxi
province since 1984. Three years of experimental results
show that when the land to be planted with winter wheat
is covered with wheat straw during the growth period,
soil water contents increase remarkably and water is
maintained in the upper layer of soil. Land mulched with
6 000 kg of wheat straw per ha was the most effective.
Moisture stored in the 200-cm soil layer can store 41.9
mm of rainfall water more than in the land without
mulching at the end of summer fallow. Stubble mulching
also improves soil structure and fertility. Wheat yield
in mulched land may increase ten to 20 percent in
comparison with nonmulched land, justifying extended use
of stubble mulching. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 44
Author: |
Harazono Yoshinobu |
Title: |
Study of the micro-climate of
decertified land in Naiman area |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research.
13(2):44-51 |
Date: |
1993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
6Ed |
Region: |
Inner Mongolia |
Summary: |
Situated in northeastern China,
Naiman area has a temperate grassland monsoon climate.
Under the influence of drought and strong wind,
decertified land in the area has expanded to 5 720 km2
seriously affecting economic development. Preliminary
micro-climate observations on the sandyland showed that
when desertification processes intensity the near-surface
micro-climate is affected first. Solar radiation loss is
up to 572 w/m2; net radiation averages 50 percent at
noon. Daily mean reflectivity is 36 percent. Air and
ground temperatures also show great variation. There is a
reduction in surface roughness and an increase in
turbulent motion causing wind erosion on the land
surface. These climatic elements directly reflect
deterioration of the desertification environment. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 45
Authors: |
Hu Jialiang, Xiang Kaifu, Zhao
Yusen (Northeast Forestry University) |
Title: |
Evaluation of the agroecological
effects of shelterbelt networks in northeastern semi-arid
regions |
Publisher: |
Journal of Ecology. 9(3):42 |
Date: |
1990 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
6Cb, 6Ee |
Region: |
North China |
Summary: |
The ecological benefits of
shelterbelt networks are attributable to their integrated
effects on various meteorological factor. The calculated
regression equation is: Ec = 246.52 - 12.17e + 0.58t +
6.58u. Monthly field evaporation during the growing
season can be reduced by 30 to 32.5 mm which is equal to
an additional heavy rainfall. The average monthly
reduction is 13.8 mm, equal to a medium rainfall in
sheltered farmlands Two-thirds of the total network area
receives the most benefit; none or little-benefited areas
occupy only four to five percent. Benefits depend on tree
height of shelterbelt and size of' the network which can
be regulated by proper design. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 46
Author: |
Hu Wengkang |
Title: |
The Taklimakan Desert environment
and its changes in the 20th century |
Publisher: |
Arid Zone Research. 9(4):1-9 |
Date: |
1992 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2Ec, 3D |
Region: |
Xinjiang, China |
Summary: |
In the 20th century factors
influencing the Taklimakan Desert environment have
changed from natural to artificial, resulting in a sharp
decrease in population and other life forms, complete
changes in spatial and distribution patterns of water
systems, rapid development of embryonic sand dunes in the
lower areas of rivers and deterioration of the
micro-climate environment in some areas. In order to
adjust and control desertification, human efforts to
rehabilitate the natural environment must be strengthened
and human activities that destroy the natural
environment, reduced. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 47
Authors: |
Huang Peiyou, Pan Weibin and Li
Heitao (Department Of Biology, Xinjiang University) |
Title: |
The feedback of desert plants on
spatial patterns of snow melt in the Jungger basin |
Publisher: |
Acta Phytoecoloxica Sinica. 16(4) |
Date: |
1992 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2Ec, 3Aa, 6Ec |
Region: |
Xinjiang, China |
Summary: |
In temperate deserts snow nearest
plants melts first, followed by the snow in more distant
areas. As a water flow passage into the soil appears,
centred at the plant to collect the snow melt and water
the plant, the depth of wet sand increases. Data from
sampling areas indicates to what extent sand moisture
around plants increases. The amount of snow melt
collected by the plant's root zone is 56.77 mm, which is
228.9 percent of the snow melt received in barren areas.
The utilization efficiency of snow melt for desert plants
is improved as moisture moves from upper soil layer to
deep soil. This, in turn, influences the distribution
pattern of desert plants. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 48
Author: |
Jiang Fengqi |
Title: |
Ecological views on development
and utilization of sandyland |
Publisher: |
Chinese Journal of Ecology.
12(3):44-46 |
Date: |
1993 |
Classification: |
2B, 6Aa |
Language: |
Chinese |
Region: |
North China |
Summary: |
This author discusses new ways to
develop and utilize sandyland in order to meet population
growth needs and use natural resources more efficiently.
It is possible to improve sandyland uses, since sandyland
areas have rich light and heat resources, peculiar
biological resources consisting of more than 1 000 plant
species and over 600 animal species. As an ecosystem,
sandyland is quite fragile. One desertification control
model is presented here-a successful experience
exploiting sandyland resource by developing agriculture
through planting trees and establishing shelterbelts.
Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry should be
developed comprehensively and intensive management
techniques applied. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 49
Author: |
Jiang Jixi (National Satellite
Meteorology Center, Beijing 100081) |
Title: |
A study of the black storm
formation using GMS-4 imagery |
Publisher: |
Quarterly Journal of Applied
Meteorology. 6(2):177-184 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Date: |
1995 |
Classification: |
2Cd, 3Aa, 3Ba |
Region: |
Northwestern China |
Summary: |
Cause of the black storm formation
over parts of Gansu and Ningxia during late afternoon and
early evening on 5 May 1993 are investigated using
GMS-4-S-VISSR hourly data and conventional data. Results
show that the formation was mainly caused by a mesoscale
convective system with a squall line in advance of a cold
front. It moved eastward and basically consorted with
700-500 hPa mean flow. The predictability of this black
storm formation is discussed. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 50
Author: |
Jiao Shu ren (Sand-fixing
Afforestation Institute, Liaoning Province) |
Title: |
Litters, humus and micro-organisms
in sand-fixing forest |
Publisher: |
Journal of Northeast Forestry
University. 17(4):10-17 |
Date: |
1989 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
6Ec |
Region: |
China |
Summary: |
The article reviews the storage,
composition and decomposition of litter, the content and
components of soil humus and the distribution of soil
micro-organisms in sand plantations, based on data
acquired between 1980 and 1988. Results show that annual
litter fall in 25-27 year-old Mongolian Scotch Pine and
Chinese Pine plantations is 2.5-3.0 t/ha and 3.0 t/ha,
respectively, and 2.4 t/ha in 22-year-old False Simon
Poplar plantations. The content of soil humus, which
increases in surface layers of different stands, was 7.5
to 9.6 and 2.4 to 11.1 times higher in A1 and A2 layers
as that in the same layers of the mobile dunes.
Plantations not only increased the content of organic
material but also make the humicacid/fulicacid ratio
decline and stabilize and raise C/N values and amounts of
soil microbes in different stands. It is preferable to
establish mixed plantations with Mongolian pine,
broadleaf trees and shrubs which increase the content of
soil humus and microbes, thus changing both composition
and quality. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 51
Author: |
Jing Ke (Institute of Geography,
Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Planning Commission
of China) |
Title: |
The effect of global climatic
warming on erosion and sediment yield on the Loess
Plateau |
Publisher: |
Geographical Research. 12(2):1-8 |
Date: |
1993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B, 3Ab, 4Aa |
Region: |
Loess Plateau |
Summary: |
In recent years' erosion and
sediment yield on the Loess Plateau have declined due to
periodic reduction in precipitation. This paper discusses
variations in erosion and sediment yields on the Loess
Plateau given future trends in global climatic warming.
Based on historical correlations between the variations
in erosion and climate, strong erosion and deposition
have been shown to occur during dry periods. Global
climatic warming will cause the Loess Plateau to become
wetter and vegetation cover should increase, leading to a
reduction in erosion and sediment yield. Limited
environmental carrying capacity and over population,
however, will counteract this benefit and cause erosion
and sediment yield to remain at present levels. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 52
Authors: |
Lan Zesun |
Title: |
Experimental study of vegetation
restoration on decertified land of' Yanchi county,
Ningxia |
Publisher: |
Journal of Arid Land Resources and
Environment. 7(3,4):313-317 |
Date: |
1993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2D, 6Cb, 6Cd |
Region: |
Ningxia |
Summary: |
The Ningxia Forestry Department
and the Japanese Consultation Association for Overseas
Forestry carried out a joint desertification control
experiment in 1990 and 1992 at the Gaoshawo Forestry
Centre in Yanchi county, Ningxia. The project sought to
raise the survival rate of planted trees through enclosed
sands for plant growth and artificial broadcast sowing,
mechanical barriers, planting shrubs and grasses by hand,
variation in tree and shrub species and density and
"front shelter and back pull" techniques to fix
shifting sand. The landscape has resulted in ecological,
economic and social benefits. Vegetation coverage has
risen 74 percent. Practical experience in areas such as
plant selection and use of absorbent polymer material can
have wider application. |