BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 53
Author: |
Lei Wenfang (Institute of
Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100029) |
Title: |
Characteristics, concentration and
size distribution of desert aerosols over the Heihe
region |
Publisher: |
Plateau Meteorology. 12(2):
170-179 |
Date: |
1993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B, 2Eb |
Region: |
Gansu, China |
Summary: |
In the Heihe region the
concentration of desert aerosols is usually low; fine
particles are predominant. Striking increases in dust
concentration can be observed during dust blowing
periods, particularly coarse particles (diameter {D} of
between 2.0 and 10.0 m) which increase more
than 20 times. They account for 9.6 percent of the total
number of particles, much higher than on clear days (1.9
percent). Moderate precipitation removal is the most
effective for desert particles with D3/4 4.0 | Ìm (90
percent), but is not as effective with all particles,
specially to those with D£3/40.4 | Ìm. Therefore desert
aerosols with 0.5£1/4D£1/44.0 | Ìm may be transported on
long-distances. Movements of large-scale air masses may
greatly change the concentration of desert aerosols. The
diurnal variation of background desert aerosol is mainly
controlled by air dispersion or dilution. There are three
sources of background desert aerosols: global background
aerosols, large-range background dust and local soil
dust. The measured size distribution of desert aerosols
is characterized by three modes, which can be fitted into
the sum of three log-normal distribution functions. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 54
Author: |
Li Houqiang and Ai Nanshan |
Title: |
The intermittence, stable
distribution and characteristics of wind-sand turbulent
flow |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research.
13(1):11-20 |
Date: |
1993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B |
Summary: |
Based on the heterogeneity and
intermittence of wind-sand turbulent flows this report
discusses the relationship between percentages of sand
and height of flow. The formula M (h>Ho)=Ch-D
is derived from the stable contribution theory. This
results in the factual dimension D=2.36 (h > 10 cm),
D= 1.465 (h < 10 cm), the velocity distribution
w(lul)=921ul-D/2-1 and the sand particle diffusion <l
x (t)l > µ t2/D.
According to the travelling solution of the kdv Burgers
equation, the scaling law for wind-sand flow v/bx, +Dlnh=A was found; it reveals
the inherent relation among the dissipation v, dispersion
b wind velocity x, and height h. In addition, the
starting radius of sand particles, the starting wind
velocity and the multifractal characteristics of
wind-sand flow are calculated and discussed. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 55
Authors: |
Li Jiangteng (Editor) |
Title: |
Papers on the environment and
regional development in arid and semi-arid regions in
China |
Publisher: |
Vientiane Press pp. 268 |
Date: |
1990 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Available: |
Chinese Academy of Forestry |
Classification: |
6Aa, 6Ab, 6Ac, 6Ad |
Region: |
China |
Summary: |
In this collection of papers
recent research achievements on the environment,
geography, meteorology, hydrology, desert science,
glacier geology, ecology and air pollution of arid and
semi-arid regions in China are presented. The formation
and development of arid geographical environments
including land degradation trends and improvement
strategies in relation to both natural factors and human
activities are discussed. Regional desertification and
drought intensification predictions are also made and key
issues for regional development and environmental
improvement of arid regions in this century are
identified. The papers contain a series of important
theoretical and practical solutions to desertification
control, ecological maintenance and regional development
for arid and semi-arid regions in China. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 56
Author: |
Li Jin |
Title: |
Model for developing artificial
vegetation in Horqin Sandy Land |
Publisher: |
Chinese Journal of Applied
Ecology. 5(1):46-71 |
Date: |
1994 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
3Ab, 6Cd |
Region: |
Inner Mongolia, China |
Summary: |
Horqin Sandy Land is a typical
sandy soil steppe in northern China which covers 40 000
km2. Annual precipitation varies between 320
and 460 mm and falls mostly from June to August; moisture
content is 0-180 cm and the shifting sand layer ranges
from three to tour percent. According to the research of
Liu Yingxin, et al. the succession series of psammophytes
in sandyland are as follows: Agriophyllum spuarrosum,
Salix gordejevii, Artemisia halodendron, Perennial herba,
e.g. Agropyron cristatum, shrubs, e.g. Ephedra
sinica, Prunus sibirica and trees (sparse Ulmus
pumila grassland). Based on the above-mentioned site
conditions, model artificial vegetation should include: a
landscape of sparse wood grassland with shrubs as main
species and trees as secondary species; interdune
depressions with a water table higher than four to five
meters suitable for planting Pinus sylvestris var.
mongolica; windward slopes of sand dunes suitable for
Artemisia halodendron, Caragana microphylla and
leeward slopes of sand dunes suitable for Salix
gordejevii. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 57
Author: |
Li Qusheng (Changchun Institute of
Geography, Academia Sinica) |
Title: |
The formation of Songnen Sandy
Land and changes in the environment |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research. 11(3) |
Date: |
1991 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B, 4Aa |
Region: |
Northeast of China |
Summary: |
The paper studies formation
factors of sandyland, characteristics of grains,
composition of heavy minerals and the surface
micro-structure of quartz. Songnen Sandy Land is believed
to have come from the alluvial sand of Songhua Jiang and
Nen Jiang Plain through wind erosion, transportation and
deposition. There are two or three layers of paleosol in
the sandyland. The results of Thermoluminescene, 14C and
archaeological analysis indicate that this sandyland
experienced tour fixed periods and tour shifting periods
after it formed in the early Holocene. Paleo-environments
in the west Songhua Jiang and Nen Jiang Plain during the
Holocene were reconstructed according to changes in
sandyland and pollen characteristics of the paleosol. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 58
Author: |
Li Shenggong |
Title: |
A preliminary study of vegetation
and desertification control in the Shiquanhe River Valley |
Publisher: |
Arid Zone Research. 11(2):46-52 |
Date: |
1994 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
3Ad, 6Cd, 6Ec |
Region: |
Qing Zang Plateau, China |
Summary: |
Shiquanhe River at the elevation
of 4 250 m is surrounded by mountains which block humid
air currents; the climate is dry and cold, with an annual
average temperature of -0.2 °C. The frost-tree period is
80-100 days/year and annual average precipitation 73.7
mm. The Shiquanhe River Valley belongs to the sub-alpine
desert vegetation and alpine steppe zones. Moor and
meadow are distributed on banks of the Shiquanhe River
and other seasonal rivers, which are dominated by Kobresia
spp and Carex spp., accompanied by Triglochin
palustris and Chenopodium glaucum. Abundant
species and high yield grasses have made the meadow
grasslands a major grazing ground, now heavily
overgrazed. In the river valley the shrub meadow, which
consisted of Myficatia elegans before the 1960s,
has been damaged. Typical xerophytes such as Caragana
versicolor, Ceratoides latens and Aiania gracilis grow
toward the center of valley where only Myricaria
elegans shrubbery grew some years ago, indicating
that the habitat of the valley is becoming arid. Once the
vegetation was destroyed, wind erosion action
intensified, causing loss of water and soil and
desertification. Measures aimed at ecological restoration
and desertification control should protect existing
vegetation and establish artificial vegetation in the
valley. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 59
Author: |
Li Shuandi |
Title: |
A preliminary study on the
formative periods of Kumkury Desert |
Publisher: |
Arid Zone Research. 9(2):27-32 |
Date: |
1992 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
3D, 4Aa |
Region: |
Tibet, China |
Summary: |
Kumkury Desert (36°32'-36°53'N
and 88°40'-89°50'E) has an elevation of 3 900-4 800 m
and covers an area of 1 662 km2. Two fresh
water lakes, Xiaoshazi Lake and Shazi Lake, are located
in the central part of the desert. Based on the
chronological, sedimentological, geochemical and
mineralogical studies of the lacustrine section of
Xiaoshazi Lake, this paper analyses the relationship
between lacustrine section construction and Kumkury
Desert development. It concludes that the desert, which
appeared 6 000 years ago, was not formed until after
construction of the lacustrine section. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 60
Author: |
Li Shuanke (Institute of
Geography, Academia Sinica, Beijing) |
Title: |
A preliminary study of the
formation age of Hobq Sandy Land - the highest sandyland
in the China |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research. 11(3) |
Date: |
1991 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B, 3C, 4Aa |
Region: |
Tibet, China |
Summary: |
Based on analyses of chronology,
sedimentology, geochemical characteristics and mineralogy
in the lacustrine of Xiaoshazhi Lake, this paper
addresses the relationship between lacustrine
construction and sandyland development. This sandyland
did not appear during the construction of the lacustrine
section; formation of the Hobq Sandy Land was after 600
yr.B.P. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 61
Authors: |
Li Shugang and Cheng Xingjun
(Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Pedology and Desert
Research, Academia Sinica, Urumqi) |
Title: |
A revised scheme for systematic
aridisols classification in Xinjiang |
Publisher: |
Arid Zone Research. 10(4): 1-3 |
Date: |
1993 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2Eb |
Region: |
Northwest Asia |
Summary: |
The aridisols of Xinjiang form a
vast aridisol zone in central Asia- Kazakstan,
Uzbecksitan and Turkinenstan. Sub-orders of aridisols are
divided as follows. G1 is a cold temperature regime
(altoeryicaridisol); G2 refers to the upper limit of the
subsurface layer to 100 cm (a calcic layer, calcic
aridisol); G3 has an upper limit of the subsurface layer
to 100 cm (luvic argillic, oralkalic argillic layer,
argillic aridisol); G4 classifications possesses at least
one of the following layers: secondary argillic layer,
haplo layer, residual salic layer, or gypsic layer
(outhic aridisol). |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 62
Author: |
Li Sinj |
Title: |
Desertification control
objectives, measures and engineering proposals in the
central "One-River-Two Tributaries" basin in
Tibet |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research.
14(2):55 -63 |
Date: |
1994 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
6Db |
Region: |
Tibet |
Summary: |
The central
"One-River-Two-Tributaries" basin in Tibet is
one of the most severely decertified areas in China.
Based on comprehensive development planning and analysis
of actual conditions in the region, desertification
control objectives, measures and engineering proposals
are put forth. According to the suggested objective, 84
600 ha. of decertified lands will be brought under
control in the eighth and ninth five-year plan periods.
Once this project has been completed, a comprehensive
index of economic, ecological and social benefits is
expected to rise by 33.7 percent compared to 1990 data. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 63
Authors: |
Li Xianglan, Tian Jixin and Zhang
Chengge (Northwest Institute of Soil and Water
Conservation, Academia Sinica) |
Title: |
A study on the effects of forest
types on the physical properties of soil in the Loess
Plateau area |
Publisher: |
Scientia Silvae Sinicae.
28(2):98-108 |
Date: |
1992 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2Ec, 3Ab |
Region: |
Loess Plateau, China |
Summary: |
In two districts of the Loess
Plateau studies were conducted on the effects of
different types of natural forests on the physical
properties of soil. Results indicated that (1) in both
districts the average content of coarse (1.0-0.5 mm in
diameter), medium (0.5-0 2.5 mm) and fine sand (0.25-0.05
mm) in the top layer of the soil showed the following
sequence: forestland > bushland > farmland. Similar
sequences were obtained in soil profiles despite varying
soil depth. (2) The average content of coarse silt in the
top layer of soil showed the following order: bushland
> forestland, young stands > middle-aged stands
> mature stands, while the content of medium and fine
silt was adverse. (3) The average content of physical
particles of clay in the top layer of the soil was in the
order of forestland > bushland, mature forest stands
> middle-aged stands. (4) The content of soil moisture
was arranged in the following sequence: forestland >
bushland > farmland. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 64
Author: |
Li Yonghong (Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences) |
Title: |
Degradation model for grazing on
the main steppe rangelands in Inner Mongolia and
considerations for establishing a computerized rangeland
monitoring system |
Publisher: |
ACTA Phytoecologica Sinica. 18(4) |
Date: |
1994 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2Cd, 4Bd, SAb |
Region: |
Inner Mongolia |
Summary: |
Grazing degradation trajectories
for the main steppe rangelands in Inner Mongolia are
studied by combining site-specific experiments in typical
steppe areas and overall investigation of the total
region. The study concludes that: (1) Plant species can
indicate both positive and negative, and qualitative and
quantitative vegetation changes as a result of grazing.
Species which can tolerate moderate grazing pressure are
noted. (2) Restoration of degraded steppe rangeland
demonstrated that rhizomatic grasses rehabilitate more
quickly than tussock grasses. The restoration process was
in a monostable state; restoration dynamics corresponded
generally to spatial changes along the grazing gradient.
(3) The main steppe rangeland communities dominated by
Stipa gobina, S. breviflora, S. krylovii, S. grandis. S.
baicalensis and Aneurolepidium chinese will
converge into Artemisia frigida community under
sustained grazing influence. A. frigida is the
most effective quantitative indicator species of grazing
pressure. fit is also a fine forage species and an
important species for resisting steppe degradation. (4)
The concept of steppe degradation is discussed. the
difference and relationship between steppe retrogression
and rangeland degradation are analyzed. The grazing
retrogression of steppes is divided into two succession
stages: rangeland utilization (improvement) and
degradation. The quantitative criteria for rangeland
degradation are established. A computerized system for
steppe rangelands decision-making is suggested which
includes monitoring and assessment. |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRY 65
Authors: |
Li Zhenshan and Wang Yimou |
Title: |
The basic theory of
desertification assessment |
Publisher: |
Journal of Desert Research. 14(2):
84-89 |
Date: |
1994 |
Language: |
Chinese |
Classification: |
2B, 6Aa |
Region: |
China |
Summary: |
Types and degrees of
desertification are closely related to natural, social
and economic conditions. Desertification assessment
refers to evaluation and classification of
desertification degrees based on selected indicators.
These include natural and artificial factors influencing
desertification and historical and recent processes of
desertification, including development trends and
ecological and reversing processes. Indicators may be
single-element or compound, present status, development
degree or hazard indicators. The development degree of
desertification can be divided into light, moderate,
severe or very severe. A complete set of assessment
criteria and degree of desertification must be
established before making an evaluation. |