Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page


Bibliography


A. Basic concepts and definitions
B. ET equations
C. ET and weather measurement
D. Parameters in ET equations
E. Crop parameters in PM equation
F. Analysis of weather and ET data
G. Crop evapotranspiration
H. Crop coefficients
I. Lengths of crop growth stages
J. Effects of soil mulches
K. Non-growing season evapotranspiration
L. Soil water holding characteristics
M. Rooting depths
N. Salinity impacts on evapotranspiration
O. Soil evaporation
P. Factors affecting ETc
Q. Soil water balance and irrigation scheduling
R. General

A. Basic concepts and definitions

Allen, R. G., Smith, M., Perrier, A., and Pereira, L. S. 1994a. An update for the definition of reference evapotranspiration. ICID Bulletin. 43(2). 1-34.

Jensen, M. E., Burman, R. D., and Allen, R. G. (ed). 1990. Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practices No. 70., Am. Soc. Civil Engrs., New York, NY, 360 p.

Monteith, J. L., 1965. Evaporation and Environment. 19th Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, University Press, Cambridge, 19:205-234.

Monteith, J. L. 1973. Principles of Environmental Physics, Edward Arnold, London.

Monteith, J. L. and Unsworth, M. H. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics, 2nd ed., Edward Arnold, London.

Penman, H. L. 1948. "Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass." Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A193, 120-146.

Penman, H. L. 1963. Vegetation and hydrology. Tech. Comm. No. 53, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, England. 125 p.

Pereira, L. S., Perrier, A., Allen, R. G. and Alves, I. 1996. Evapotranspiration: Review of concepts and future trends. J. Irrig. And Drain. Engrg., ASCE 25. (in press).

Perrier, A. 1978. Importance des définitions de l'évapotranspiration dans le domaine pratique de la mesure, de l'estimation of de la notion de coefficients culturaux. XV' Journal of Hydraulics, Société Hydrotechnique de France, Question IV, Rapport 1:1-7 (in French).

Perrier, A. 1982. Land surface processes: vegetation. pp. 395-448 in P. S. Eagleson (Editor), Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Perrier, A. 1985. Updated evapotranspiration and crop water requirement definitions. In: Perrier, A. and Riou, C. (eds) Crop Water Requirements (ICID Int. Conf., Paris, Sept. 1984). INRA, Paris: 885-887.

Rijtema, P. E., (1965). "Analysis of actual evapotranspiration." Agric. Res. Rep. No. 69, Centre for Agric. Publ. and Doc., Wageningen.

Slatyer, R. O. and McIlroy, I. C. 1961. Evaporation and the principle of its measurement. In: Practical Meteorology, CSIRO (Australia) and UNESCO, Paris.

Smith, M., Allen, R. G., Monteith, J. L., Perrier, A., Pereira, L., and Segeren, A. 1992. Report of the expert consultation on procedures for revision of FAO guidelines for prediction of crop water requirements. UN-FAO, Rome, Italy, 54 p.

B. ET equations

Allen, R. G. 1986. A Penman for all seasons. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg. 112(4): 348-368.

Allen, R. G. 1992. Evaluation of a temperature difference method for computing grass reference evapotranspiration. Report submitted to UN-FAO Water Resources Development and Management Service, Land and Water Dev. Div., Rome. 50 p.

Allen, R. G., 1995b. Evaluation of procedures for estimating grass reference evapotranspiration using air temperature data only. Report prepared for FAO, Water Resources Development and Management Service, FAO, Rome.

Allen, R. G. and Pruitt, W. O. 1986. Rational use of the FAO Blaney-Criddle formula. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE 112(IR2): 139-155.

Allen, R. G. and Pruitt, W. O. 1991. FAO-24 reference evapotranspiration factors. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE 117(5): 758-773.

Allen, R. G., Pruitt, W. O., Businger, J. A., Fritschen, L. J., Jensen, M. E., and Quinn, F. H. 1996. Chapter 4 "Evaporation and Transpiration" m ASCE Handbook of Hydrology. New York, NY. p. 125-252.

Batchelor, C. H. 1984. The accuracy of evapotranspiration functions estimated with the FAO modified Penman equation. Irrig. Science 5(4): 223-234.

Blaney, H.F. and Criddle, W. D. 1950. Determining water requirements in irrigated areas from climatological and irrigation data. USDA Soil Conserv. Serv. SCS-TP96. 44 pp.

Brutsaert, W. H., 1982. Evaporation into the Atmosphere. R. Deidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

Burman, R. and Pochop, L. O. 1994. Evaporation, Evapotranspiration and Climatic Data. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam.

Businger, J. A. 1956. Some remarks on Penman's equations for the evapotranspiration. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 4: 77.

Castrignanò, A., de Caro, A., and Tarantino, E. 1985. Verifica sulla validità di alcuni metodi empirici di stima dell'evapotraspirazione potenziale nel Metapontino. (Verification of validity of several empirical methods of estimating potential evapotranspiration in southern Italy). L'Irrigazione XXXII (4): 23-28 (in Italian).

Chiew, F. H. S., N. N. Kamadalasa, H. M. Malano and McMahon, T. A. 1995. Penman-Monteith, FAO-24 reference crop evapotranspiration and class-A pan data in Australia. Agric. Water Management 28: 9-21.

Choisnel, E., de Villele, O., and Lacroze, F. 1992. Une approche uniformisée du calcul de l'évapotranspiration potentielle pour l'ensemble des pays de la Communauté Européenne, Com. Commun. Européennes, EUR 14223 FR, Luxembourg, 176 p.

Christiansen, J. E. 1968. Pan evaporation and evapotranspiration from climatic data. J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE 94: 243-265.

Cuenca, R. H. and Nicholson, M. T. 1982. Application of the Penman equation wind function. J. Irrig. and Drn. Engrg. Div., ASCE 108(IR1): 13-23.

Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy. 193 pp.

Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O. 1975. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements, Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 179 p.

Feddes, R. A. 1987. Crop factors in relation to Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration. Tech. Bull. Inst. for Land and Water Management Research. No. 67, pp. 33-45.

Frére, M. and Popov, G. F. 1979. Agrometeorological crop monitoring and forecasting. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 17. FAO, Rome, Italy., pp 38-43,

Frevert, D. K., Hill, R. W., and Braaten, B. C. 1983. Estimation of FAO evapotranspiration coefficients. J. Irrig. and Drain Engrg., ASCE 109(IR2): 265-270.

Gunston, H. and Batchelor, C. H. 1983. A comparison of the Priestley-Taylor and Penman methods for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration in tropical countries. Agric. Water Man. 6:65-77.

George, W., Pruitt, W. O., and Dong, A. 1985. Evapotranspiration modeling. In: California Irrigation Management Information System, Final Report, by R. Snyder, D. W. Henderson, Pruitt, W. O., and Dong, A. Calif. Dept. Water Resour. Contract. No. B53812. Land, Air and Water Resources Pap. 10013-A, Univ. Calif., Davis, III-36 to III-59.

Gosse, G., Perrier, A., and Itier, B. 1977. Etude de l'évapotranspiration réelle d'une culture de blé dans le bassin parisien. Ann. Agron. 28(5): 521-541. (in French).

Hargreaves, G. H. 1983. Discussion of 'Application of Penman wind function' by Cuenca, R. H. and Nicholson, M. J. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE 109(2): 277-278.

Hargreaves, G. L., Hargreaves, G. H., and Riley, J. P. 1985. Agricultural benefits for Senegal River Basin. J. Irrigation and Drainage Engr., ASCE 111: 113-124.

Hashemi, F. and Habibian, M. T. 1979. Limitations of temperature based methods in estimating crop evapotranspiration in arid-zone agricultural development project. Agric. Meteorol. 20: 237-247.

Hatfield, J. L. and Fuchs, M. 1990. Evapotranspiration models. Chapter 3, pp 33-59 in Management of Farm Irrigation Systems (G. J. Hoffman, T. A. Howell, and K. H. Solomon (ed)), ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.

Howell, T. A., Schneider, A. D., and Jensen, M. E. 1991. History of lysimeter design and use for evapotranspiration measurements. In Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors), Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements, ASCE, New York, NY p. 1-9.

Itier, B. and Perrier, A. 1976a. Présentation d'une étude analytique de l'advection: I. Advection liée aux variations horizontales de concentration et de température. Ann. Agron. 27(2): 111-140.

Itier, B., Brunet, Y., Mcaneney, K. J., and Lagouarde, J. P. 1994. Downwind evolution of scalar fluxes and surface resistance under conditions of local adection. Part I: A reappraisal of boundary conditions. Agric. and For. Meteorol. 71: 211-255.

Itier, B. 1996. Measurement and estimation of evapotranspiration. In: Pereira, L. S., Feddes, R. A., Gilley, J. R., Leseffre, B. (eds) Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, pp. 171-191.

Jensen, M. E. and Haise, H. R. 1963. Estimating evapotranspiration from solar radiation J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 89:15-41.

Jensen, M. E. 1974. (ed.) Consumptive use of water and irrigation water requirements. Rep. Tech. Com. on Irrig. Water Requirements, Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 227 pp.

Jensen, M. E., Burman, R. D., and Allen, R. G. (ed). 1990. Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practices No. 70., Am. Soc. Civil Engrs., New York, NY, 360 p.

Katerji, N. and Perrier, A. 1983. Modélization de l'évapotranspiration réelle ETR d'une parcelle de luzerne: rôle d'un coefficient cultural. Agronomie 3(6): 513-521 (in French).

Makkink, G. F. 1957. Testing the Penman formula by means of lysimeters. J. Inst. Water Engng. 11 (3): 277-288.

McNaughton, K. G. and Jarvis, P. G. 1984. Using fee Penman-Monteith equation predictively. Agricultural Water Management 8: 263-278.

Monteith, J. L. 1973. Principles of Environmental Physics, Edward Arnold, London.

Monteith, J. L. 1981. Evaporation and surface temperature. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 107: 1-27.

Monteith, J. L. 1985. Evaporation from land surfaces: progress in analysis and prediction since 1948. pp. 4-12 m Advances in Evapotranspiration, Proceedings of the ASAE Conference on Evapotranspiration, Chicago, Ill. ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.

Pelton, W. L., King, K. M. and Tanner, C.B. 1960. An evaluation of the Thornthwaite and mean temperature methods for determining potential evapotranspiration. Agron. J. 52: 387-395.

Penman, H. L. 1948. "Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass." Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A193, 120-146.

Penman, H. L. 1963. Vegetation and hydrology. Tech. Comm. No. 53, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, England. 125 pp.

Pereira, L. S. and Smith, M. 1989. Proposed procedures for revision of guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. Land and Water Use Div., FAO Rome, 36 p.

Phene, C. J., dark, D. A. and Cardon, G. E. 1996. Real time calculation of crop evapotranspiration using an automated pan evaporation system. In: Camp, C. R., Sadler, E. J. and Yoder, R. E. (eds.). Evaporation and Irrigation Scheduling, ASCE: 189-194.

Piper, B. S. 1989. Sensitivity of Penman estimates of evaporation to errors in input data. Ag. Water Man. 15:279-300.

Priestley, C.H.B. and Taylor, R. J. 1972. On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters. Mon. Weath. Rev., 100: 81-92. Pruitt, W. O. (1996). "Empirical method of estimating evapotranspiration using primarily evaporation pans." Proc. Conf. on Evapotranspiration and its Role in Water Resources Management. Chicago. Dec. pp. 57-61. Stewart, J. B. 1983. A discussion of the relationships between the principal forms of the combination equation for estimating evapotranspiration. Ag. Meteorol. 30:111-127.

Rosenberg, N. J., Blad, B. L. and Verma, S. B. 1983. Microclimate. The Biological Environment (2nd edition). J. Wiley, New York.

Seemann, J., Chirkov, Y. I., Lomas, J. and Primault, B., 1979. Agrometeorology. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Seguin, B., Brunet, Y., and Perrier, A. 1982. Estimation of evaporation: a review of existing methods and recent developments in European Geologic Society Symposium on Evaporation. Leeds, U.K., August, 1982, 21 p.

Sharma, M. L. 1985. Estimating evapotranspiration. p. 213-281 in Adv. in Irrigation, Vol III, D. Hillel (Editor)., Academic Press, New York.

Stewart, J. B. 1983. A discussion of the relationships between the principal forms of the combination equation for estimating evaportranspirations. Ag. Meteorol. 30:111-127.

Tanner, C.B. and Pelton, W. L. 1960. Potential evapotranspiration estimates by the approximate energy balance of Penman. J. Geophysical Res. 65 (10): 3391-3413.

Tanner, C.B. and Fuchs, M. 1968. Evaporation from unsaturated surfaces: a generalized combination equation. J. Geophysical Res. 73(4): 1299-1304.

Thompson, N., Barrie, LA., and Ayles, M. 1981. The Meteorological Office rainfall and evaporation calculation system: MORECS. Hydrological Memorandum 45, Hydrometeorological Services, London, 66 p.

Thornthwaite, C. W. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geograph. Rev., 38, 55.

Turc, L. 1961. Evaluation des besoins en eau d'irrigation, évapotranspiration potentielle, formule climatique simplifiée et mise a jour. (in French). Ann. Agron. 12:13-49.

Watts, P. J. and Hancock, N. H. 1985. Evaporation and potential evaporation - a practical approach for agricultural engineers. Mech. Engrg. Trans. 10(4): 231-240 plus discussions during 1986.

Wright, J. L. 1982. New evapotranspiration crop coefficients. J. irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 108 (IR2): 57-74.

Wright, J. L. 1988. Daily and seasonal evapotranspiration and yield of irrigated alfalfa in southern Idaho. Agron. J. 80: 662-669.

C. ET and weather measurement

Allen, R. G. 1996. Assessing integrity of weather data for use in reference evapotranspiration estimation. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engng. Div., ASCE 122(2): 97-106.

Allen, R. G., Pruitt, W. O., and Jensen, M. E. 1991. Environmental requirements for lysimeters. pp. 170-181 in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors). Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements. Proc. of the ASCE Int. Symp. on Lysimetry, Honolulu, HA, ASCE, New York, NY.

Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. 1995. Regionalization of surface flux densities and moisture indicators in composite terrain. Doctoral thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University; Wageningen, 273 pp.

Beard, J. R. 1985. An assessment of water use by turfgrass. p. 45-60 in Gibeault, V. A. and Cockerham, S. T. (Editors). Turfgrass Water Conservation. Publ. 21405, Univ. Calif, Div. of Agrie and Nat. Resour., Berkley, Calif.

Biran, I., Bravdo, B., Bushkin-Harav, I., and Rawitz, E. 1981. Water consumption and growth rate of 11 turfgrasses as affected by mowing height, irrigation frequency and soil moisture. Agron. J. 73:85-90.

Blad, B. L. and Rosenberg, N. J. 1974. Lysimetric calibration of the Bowen-ratio energy balance method for evapotranspiration estimation in the Central Great plains. J. App. Meteorol. 13(2): 227-236.

Brutsaert, W. H., 1982. Evaporation into the Atmosphere. R. Deidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

Businger, J. A. 1988. "A note on the Businger-Dyer profiles." Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 42: 145-151.

Businger, J. A. and Yaglom, A. M. 1971. "Introduction to Obukhov's paper on 'Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform température'," Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2: 3-6.

Campbell, G. S. 1977. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. Springer Verlag, N.Y. 159 p.

Carrijo, O. A. and Cuenca R. H., 1992. Precision of evapotranspiration estimates using neutron probe. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE 118 (6): 943-953.

Dolman, A. J. and Stewart, J. B. 1987. Modelling forest transpiration from climatological data. In: R. H. Swanson, P. Y. Bernier and P. D. Woodard (eds) Forest Hydrology and Watershed Management, IAHS Publ. 167: 319-327.

Fritschen, L. J. and Fritschen, C. L. 1991. Design and evaluation of net radiometers. Paper presented at the 7th Symp. on Meteorol. Observations and Instrumentation, Jan. 13-18, 1991., New Orleans, La., U.S.A. 5 p.

Gash, J. H. C., Shuttleworth, W. J., Lloyd, C. R., André, J. C., Goutorbe, J. P., and Gelpe, J. 1989. Micrometeorological measurements in Les Landes forest during HAPEX-MOBILHY. Ag. and For. Meteorol. 46:131-147.

Grant, D. R. 1975. Comparison of evaporation from barley with Penman estimates. Agric. Meteorol. 15: 49-60.

Grebet, P. and Cuenca, R. H. 1991. History of lysimeter design and effects of environmental disturbances. in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors), Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements, ASCE, New York, NY p. 10-18.

Itier, B. and Perrier, A. 1976a. Présentation d'une étude analytique de l'advection: I. Advection liée aux variations horizontales de concentration et de température. Ann. Agron. 27(2): 111-140.

Itier, B., Brunet, Y., Mcaneney, K. J., and Lagouarde, J. P. 1994. Downwind evolution of scalar fluxes and surface resistance under conditions of local adection. Part I: A reappraisal of boundary conditions. Agric. and For. Meteorol. (in press).

Itier, B. 1996. Measurement and estimation of evapotranspiration. In: Pereira, L. S., Feddes, R. A., Gilley, J. R., Leseffre, B. (eds) Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture. Kluwer Acad. Pub., Dordrecht, pp. 171-191.

Kessler, J., Perrier, A. and Pescara, C. de, 1990. La Météo Agricole. Météole, (Pau).

Kizer, M. A., Elliott, R. L. and Stone, J. F. 1990. Hourly ET model calibration with eddy flux and energy balance data. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE 116(2): 172-181.

Marsh, A. W., Strohman, R. A., Spaulding, S., Younger, V., and Gibeault, V. 1980. Turf grass irrigation research at the University of California: warm and cool season grasses tested for water needs. Irrig. J., July/August. 20-21, 32-33.

Meyer, W. S. and Mateos, L. 1990. Effects of soil type on soybean crop water use in weighing lysimeters. 11. effect of lysimeter canopy height discontinuity on evaporation. Irrig. Sci. 11:233-237.

Neale, C. M. U., Kruse, E.G., and Yoder, R. E. 1991. Field experience with hydraulic weighing lysimeters. in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA, and Jensen, M. E. (Editors), Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements, ASCE, New York, NY p. 160-169.

Pearce, A. J., Gash, J. H. C., and Stewart, J. B. 1980. Rainfall interception in a forest stand estimated from grassland meteorological data. J. Hydrol., 46: 147-163.

Perrier, A., Itier, B., Bertolini, J. M., and Katerji, N. 1976. A new device for continuous recording of the energy balance of natural surfaces. Agric. Meteor. 16(1): 71-85.

Perrier, A. and Tuzet, A. 1991. Land surface processes: Description, theoretical approaches, and physical laws underlying their measurements pp. 145-155 in Schmugge, T. J. and André, J. C. (eds) Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

Perrier, A., Archer, P., and de Pablos, B. 1974. Etude de l'évapotranspiration réelle et maximele de diverses cultures. I: Dispositif et mesure. Ann. Agron. 25(3): 229-243.

Perrier, A., Katerji, N., Gosse, G., and Itier, B. 1980. Etude "in situ" de l'évapotranspiration réelle d'une culture de blé. (In situ study of evapotranspiration rates for a wheat crop). Agric. Meterol. 21: 295-311. (in French).

Pruitt, W. O., Morgan, D. L., and Lourence, F. J. 1973. Momentum and mass transfers in the surface boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 99: 370-386.

Pruitt, W. O. 1991. Development of crop coefficients using lysimeters. pp. 182-190 in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O, Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors). Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements. Proc. of the ASCE Int. Symp. on Lysimetry, Honolulu, HA, ASCE, New York, NY.

Pruitt, W. O. and Lourence, F. J. 1985. Experiences in lysimetry for ET and surface drag measurements. pp. 51-69 m: Advances in Evapotranspiration, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.

Rosenberg, N. J., Blad, B. L. and Verma, S. B. 1983. Microclimate. The Biological Environment (2nd edition). J. Wiley, New York.

Schulze, K. 1995. Report of expert meeting for the preparation of an intercomparison of instruments and procedures for measurement and estimation of evaporation and evapotranspiration. World Meteorological Organization, Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation. Geneva, Switzerland. 30 p.

Seemann, J., Chirkov, Y. I., Lomas, J. and Primault, B., 1979. Agrometeorology. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Shuttleworth, W. J. 1993. Evaporation. In: D. R. Maidment (ed) Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York: 4.1-4.53.

Shuttleworth, W. J. and Wallace, J. S. 1985. Evaporation from sparse crops - an energy combination theory. Quart. J. Roy Meteorol. Soc. 111: 839-853.

Stringer, W. C., Wolf, D. D., and Baser, R. E. 1981. Summer regrowth of tall fescue: stubble characteristics and microenvironment. Agron. J. 73:96-100.

Slatyer, R. O. and McIlroy, I. C. 1961. Evaporation and the principle of its measurement. In: Practical Meteorology, CSIRO (Australia) and UNESCO, Paris.

Stewart, J. B. and Gay, L. W. 1989. Preliminary modelling of transpiration from the FIFE stie in Kansas. Agric. and For. Meteorol. 48: 305-315.

Tarantino, E. 1991. Grass reference measurements in Italy in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors), Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements, ASCE, New York, NY p. 200-209.

Thom, A. S., Thony, J. L., and Vauclin, M. 1981. On the proper employment of evaporation pans and atmometers in estimating potential transpiration. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 107: 711-736.

Walter, LA., Siemer, E., Dirks, L. R., Quinian, J. P., and Burman, R. D. 1991. Lysimeters vs. buffer areas: evapotranspiration and agronomic comparisons in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors), Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements, ASCE, New York, NY p. 10-18.

Wehner, D. J. and Watschke, T. L. 1981. Heat tolerance of Kentucky bluegrasses, perennial ryegrasses, and annual bluegrass. Agron. J. 73:79-84.

WMO 1983 Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Observing Practices. WMO n° 8 (fifth edition), Geneva.

Wright, J. L. 1991. Using lysimeters to develop evapotranspiration crop coefficients in Allen, R. G., Howell, T. A., Pruitt, W. O., Walter, LA., and Jensen, M. E. (Editors), Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements, ASCE, New York, NY p. 191-199.

D. Parameters in ET equations

Allen, R. G., Jensen, M. E., Wright, J. L., and Burman, R. D. 1989. Operational estimates of reference evapotranspiration. Agron. J. 81:650-662.

Allen, R. G., Smith, M., Perrier, A., and Pereira, L. S. 1994a. An update for the definition of reference evapotranspiration. ICID Bulletin. 43(2). 1-34.

Allen, R. G., Smith, M., Pereira, L. S., and Perrier, A. 1994b. An update for the calculation of reference evapotranspiration. ICID Bulletin, 43 (2): 35-92.

Allen, R. G. 1995a. Evaluation of procedures for estimating mean monthly solar radiation from air temperature. Report prepared for FAO, Water Resources Development and Management Service, FAO, Rome.

Bosen, J. F. 1958. An approximation formula to compute relative humidity from dry bulb and dew point temperatures. Monthly Weather Rev. 86(12): 486.

Brunt, D. 1939. Physical and dynamical meteorology, Univ. Press, Cambridge. 400 pp.

Brunt, D. 1952. Physical and dynamical meteorology, 2nd ed., Univ. Press, Cambridge. 428 pp.

Brutsaert, W. H., 1982. Evaporation into the Atmosphere. R. Deidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

Burman, R. D., Jensen, M. E., and Allen, R. G. 1987. Thermodynamic factors in evapotranspiration. In: James, L. G. and M. J. English (editors), Proc. Irrig. and Drain. Spec. Conf., ASCE, Portland, Ore., p. 28-30.

Burman, R. and Pochop, L. O. 1994. Evaporation, Evapotranspiration and Climatic Data. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam.

Businger, J. A. 1988. "A note on the Businger-Dyer profiles." Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 42: 145-151.

Choudhury, B. J., Idso, S. B., and Reginato, R. J. 1987. Analysis of an empirical model for soil heat flux under a growing wheat crop for estimating evaporation by an infrared temperature based energy balance equation. Agric. for. Meteorol. 39:283-297.

Clothier, B. E., Clawson, K. L., Pinter, P. J., Moran, M. S., Reginato, R. J., and Jackson, R. D. 1986. Estimates of soil heat flux from net radiation during the growth of alfalfa. Agric. For. Meteorol 37:319-329.

Duffie, J. A. and Beckman, W. A. 1991. Solar engineering of thermal processes. 2nd Ed., John Wiley and sons, New York. 994 p. Harrison, L. P. 1963. Fundamentals concepts and definitions relating to humidity. In Wexler, A (Editor) Humidity and moisture Vol 3, Reinhold Publishing Co., N.Y.

Dyer, A. J. 1974. A review of flux-profile relationships. Boundary Layer Meterol. 7: 363-372.

Dyer, A. J. and Hicks, B. B., 1970. Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 96: 715-721.

Frevert, D. K., Hill, R. W., and Braaten, B. C. 1983. Estimation of FAO evapotranspiration coefficients. J. Irrig. and Drain Engrg., ASCE 109(IR2): 265-270.

Garratt, J. R. (1992). The atmospheric boundery layer. Cambridge Univ. Press, 316 p.

Garratt, J. R. and Hicks, B. B. 1973. Momentum, heat and water vapour transfer to and from natural and artificial surfaces. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 99: 680-687.

George, W., Pruitt, W. O., and Dong, A. 1985. Evapotranspiration modeling. In: California Irrigation Management Information System, Final Report, by R. Snyder, D. W. Henderson, Pruitt, W. O., and Dong, A. Calif. Dept. Water Resour. Contract. No. B53812. Land, Air and Water Resources Pap. 10013-A, Univ. Calif., Davis, III-36 to III-59.

Gosse, G., Perrier, A., and Itier; B. 1977. Etude de l'évapotranspiration réelle d'une culture de blé dans le bassin parisien. Ann. Agron. 28(5): 521-541. (in French).

Harrison, L. P. 1963. Fundamentals concepts and definitions relating to humidity. In Wexler, A (Editor) Humidity and moisture Vol 3, Reinhold Publishing Co., N.Y.

Hashemi, F. and Habibian, M. T. 1979. Limitations of temperature based methods in estimating crop evapotranspiration in arid-zone agricultural development project. Agric. Meteorol. 20: 237-247.

Hatfield, J. L. and Fuchs, M. 1990. Evapotranspiration models. Chapter 3, pp 33-59 in Management of Farm Irrigation Systems (G. J. Hoffman, T. A. Howell, and K. H. Solomon (ed)), ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.

Hottel, H. C. 1976. A simple model for estimating the transmittance of direct solar radiation through clear atmospheres. Solar Energy 18: 129.

Idso, S. B. and Jackson, R. B. 1969. Thermal radiation from the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 74:5397-5403.

Jensen, J. R. 1988. Effect of asymmetric, daily air temperature and humidity waves on calculation of reference evapotranspiration. Proc. European Economic Community Workshop on Management of Water Resources in Cash Crops and in Alternative Production Systems. Brussels, Belg. 24-25 Nov., 1988.12 p.

List, R. J. 1984. Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, 6th rev. ed., Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., U.S.A. 539 p.

Liu, B. Y. H., and Jorden, R. C. 1960. The interrelationship and characteristic distribution of direct diffuse and total solar radiation. Solar Energy 4(3): 1-19.

Matias P. G. M. 1992. SWATCHP, a model for a continuous simulation of hydrologic processes in a system vegetation - soil - aquifer - river. Ph. D. dissertation, Techn. Univ. Lisbon (in Portuguese).

Monteith, J. L. and Unsworth, M. H. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics, 2nd ed., Edward Arnold, London.

Monteith, J. L., 1965. Evaporation and Environment. 19th Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, University Press, Cambridge, 19: 205-234.

Murray, F. W. 1967. On the computation of saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteor. 6: 203-204.

Penman, H. L. 1963. Vegetation and hydrology. Tech. Comm. No. 53, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, England. 125 pp.

Pereira, L. S. and Smith, M. 1989. Proposed procedures for revision of guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. Land and Water Use Div., FAO Rome, 36 p.

Pruitt, W. O. and Doorenbos, J. 1977. Background and Development of Methods to Predict Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (ETo). Appendix II in FAO-ID-24, pp 108-119.

Seguin, B., Brunet, Y., and Perrier, A. 1982. Estimation of evaporation: a review of existing methods and recent developments in European Geologic Society Symposium on Evaporation. Leeds, U.K., August, 1982, 21 p.

Sharma, M. L. 1985. Estimating evapotranspiration. p. 213-281 in Adv. in Irrigation, Vol III, D. Hillel (Editor)., Academic Press, New York.

Smith, M., Allen, R. G., Monteith, J. L., Pereira; L. S., Perrier, A., Pruitt, W. O. 1992. Report on the Expert Consultation on procedures for Revision of FAO Guidelines for Prediction of Crop Water Requirements. Land and Water Development Division, United Nations Food and Agriculture Service, Rome, Italy.

Tetens, O. 1930. Uber einige meteorologische Begriffe. z. Geophys. 6:297-309.

van Wijk, W. R. and de Vries, D. A. 1963. Periodic temperature variations in a homogeneous soil. In: van Wijk, W. R. (Editor). Physics of the plant environment. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, P. 102-143.

Weiss, A. 1982. An experimental study of net radiation, its components and prediction Agron. J. 74: 871-874.

WMO 1970. Guide to Hydrometeorological Practices. WMO nº 168. TP. 82. Geneva

WMO 1981. Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices. WMO n° 134 (second edition), Geneva.

Wright, J. L. 1982. New evapotranspiration crop coefficients. J. irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 108 (IR2): 57-74.

E. Crop parameters in PM equation

Allen, R. G., Jensen, M. E., Wright, J. L., and Burman, R. D. 1989. Operational estimates of reference evapotranspiration. Agron. J. 81: 650-662.

Allen, R. G., Smith, M., Pereira, L. S., and Perrier, A. 1994b. An update for the calculation of reference evapotranspiration. ICID Bulletin, 43 (2): 35-92.

Allen, R. G., Vanderkimpen, P. J., and Wright, J. L. 1995. "Development of resistance parameters for operational application of the Penman-Monteith equation." Agric. and For. Meteorol.

Alves, I. L. 1995. Modelling crop evapotranspiration. Canopy and aerodynamic resistances. Ph.D. Dissertation, ISA, Univ. Tec. Lisboa (in Portuguese).

Alves, I., Perrier, A. and Pereira, L. S., 1998. Aerodynamic and surface resistances of complete over crops: How good in the "big leaf" approach? Trans. ASAE 41 (2): 345-351.

Ben-Mehrez, M., Taconet, O., Vidal-Madjar, D., and Valencogne, C. 1992. "Estimation of stomatal resistance and canopy evaporation during the HAPEX-MOBILHY experiment." Agr. and For. Meteorol. 58: 285-313.

Bevan, K. 1979. A sensitivity analysis of the Penman-Monteith actual evapotranspiration estimates. J. Hydrol. 44: 169-190.

Brutsaert, W. H., 1982. Evaporation into the Atmosphere. R. Deidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

Businger, J. A. and Yaglom, A. M. 1971. "Introduction to Obukhov's paper on 'Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform temperature'," Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2: 3-6.

Campbell, G. S. 1977. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. Springer Verlag, N.Y. 159 p.

Chamberlain, A. C., 1966. Transport of gases to and from grass and grass-like surfaces. Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 290: 236-259.

DeCoursey, D. G. 1992. Evaporation and evapotranspiration processes. In: Root Zone Water Quality Model, version 1.0. Technical Documentation. GPSR, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Co, pp 29-74.

Dolman, A. J. and Stewart, J. B. 1987. Modelling forest transpiration from climatological data. In: R. H. Swanson, P. Y. Bernier and P. D. Woodard (eds) Forest Hydrology and Watershed Management, IAHS Publ. 167: 319-327.

Frank, A. B. 1981. Effect of leaf age and position on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of forage grasses. Agron. J. 73: 70-74.

Jarvis, P. G. 1976. The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., Lond., B 273: 593-610.

Kelliher, F. M., Leuning, R. and Schulze, E. D. 1993. Evaporation and canopy characteristics of coniferous forests and grasslands.. Oecologia 95: 153-163.

Kim, J. and Verma, S. B. 1991. Modeling canopy stomatal conductance in a temperate grassland ecosystem. Agric. and For. Meteorol. 55: 149-166.

Loommis, R. S. and Williams, W. A. 1969. Productivity and the morphology of crop stand patterns with leaves. In: J. D. Eastin (ed) Physiological Aspects of Crop Yield. ASA, CSSA and SSSA, Madison, WI: 27-47.

Martin, D. L. and J. R. Gilley 1993. Irrigation Water Requirements. Chapter 2 of the SCS National Engineering Handbook, Soil Conservation Service, Washington D.C., 284 pp.

Matias P. G. M. 1992. SWATCHP, a model for a continuous simulation of hydrologic processes in a system vegetation - soil - aquifer - river. Ph. D. dissertation, Techn. Univ. Lisbon (in Portuguese).

McNaughton, K. G. and Jarvis, P. G. 1984. Using the Penman-Monteith equation predictively. Agricultural Water Management 8: 263-278.

Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M. 1954. "The basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere." Akad. Nauk. SSSR Trud. Geofiz. Inst., No. 24. (151): 163-187.

Monteith, J. L. 1973. Principles of Environmental Physics, Edward Arnold, London.

Monteith, J. L. 1981. Evaporation and surface temperature. Quart. J. Roy, Meteorol. Soc. 107: 1-27.

Monteith, J. L. 1985. Evaporation from land surfaces: progress in analysis and prediction since 1948. pp. 4-12 m Advances in Evapotranspiration, Proceedings of the ASAE Conference on Evapotranspiration, Chicago, Ill. ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.

Monteith, J. L. and Unsworth, M. H. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics, 2nd ed., Edward Arnold, London.

Monteith, J. L., 1965. Evaporation and Environment. 19th Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, university Press, Cambridge, 19: 205-234.

Paulson, C. A. 1970. The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteorol. 9: 857-861.

Perrier, A. 1982. Land surface processes: vegetation pp. 395-448 in P. S. Eagleson (Editor), Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Perrier, A. and Tuzet, A. 1991. Land surface processes: Description, theoretical approaches, and physical laws underlying their measurements pp. 145-155 in Schmugge, T. J. and Andre, J.-C. (eds) Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

Pruitt, W. O., Morgan, D. L., and Lourence, F. J. 1973. Momentum and mass transfers in the surface boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 99: 370-386.

Shaw, R. H. and Pereira, A. R. 1982. Aerodynamic roughness of a plant canopy: A numerical experiment. Agric. Meteorol. 26: 51-65. Stewart, J. B. 1988. Modelling surface conductance of pine forest. Agric. and For. Meteorol. 43: 19-35.

Shuttleworth, W. J. 1993. Evaporation. In: D. R. Maidment (ed) Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York: 4.1-4.53.

Shuttleworth, W. J. and Wallace, J. S. 1985. Evaporation from sparse crops - an energy combination theory. Quart. J. Roy Meteorol. Soc. 111: 839-853.

Smith, M., Allen, R. G., Monteith, J. L., Perrier, A., Pereira, L., and Segeren, A. 1992. Report of the expert consultation on procedures for revision of FAO guidelines for prediction of crop water requirements. UN-FAO, Rome, Italy, 54 p.

Stewart, J. B. 1989. On the use of the Penman-Monteith equation for determining areal evapotranspiration. in Estimation of Areal Evapotranspiration, IAHS Publ. no. 177: 3-12.

Stewart, J. B. and Verma, S. B. 1992. Comparison of surface fluxes and conductances at two contrasting sites within the FIFE area. J. Geophysical Research 97 (D17): 18623-18628.

Szeicz, G. and Long, I. F. 1969. Surface resistance of crop canopies. Water Resour. Res. 5, 622-633.

Thom, A. S. 1971. Momentum absorption by vegetation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 97: 414-428.

Thom, A. S. 1972. Momentum, mass and heat exchange of vegetation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 124-134.

Thom, A. S. and Oliver, H. R. 1977. On Penman's equation for estimating regional evaporation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 103: 345-357.

Thom, A. S., Setwart, J. B., Oliver, H. R. and Gash, J. H. C. 1975. Comparison of aerodynamic and energy budget estimates of fluxes over a pine forest. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 101: 93-105.

van Bavel, C. H., Fritschen, L. J., and Reeves, W. E. 1963. Transpiration of sudangrass as an externally controlled process. Science 141: 269-270.

Verma, S. B. 1989. Aerodynamic resistances to transfers of heat, mass and momentum. Estimation of Areal Evapotranspiration, T. A. Black, D. L. Spittlehouse, M. D. Novak and D. T. Price (ed)., IAHS Pub. No. 177. p. 13-20.

Webb, E. K. 1970. "Profile relationships: the log-linear range, and extension to strong stability." Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 96: 67-90.

Wallace, J. S., Roberts, J. M., and Sivakuma, M. V. K. 1990. "The estimation of transpiration from sparse dryland millet using stomatal conductance and vegetation area indices." Agric. and Forest Meteorol. 51: 35-49.

F. Analysis of weather and ET data

Allen, R. G. 1996. Assessing integrity of weather data for use in reference evapotranspiration estimation. J. Irrig. and Drain. Engng. Div., ASCE 122 (2): 97-106.

Allen, R. G. and Brockway, C. E. 1983. Estimating consumptive use on a statewide basis pp. 79-89 in Proc. 1983 Irrig. and Drain. Specialty Conf. at Jackson, WY. ASCE, New York, NY.

Allen, R. G., Brockway, C. E., and Wright, J. L. 1983. Weather station siting and consumptive use estimates. J. Water Resour. Ping, and Mgmt. Div., ASCE 109 (2): 134-146.

Allen, R. G. 1997. a Self-Calibrating Method for Estimating Solar Radiation from Air Temperature. J. Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE 2 (2): 5 6-67.

Allen, R. G. and Wright, J. L. 1977. Translating Wind Measurements from Weather Stations to Agricultural Crops. J. Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE 2 (1): 26-35..

Burman, R. D., Wright, J. L. and Jensen, M. E. 1975. Changes in climate and estimated evaporation across a large irrigated area in Idaho. Trans. ASAE 18 (6): 1089-1091, 1093.

Pereira, L. S. (ed.). 1998. Water and Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture in the Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers Plain (North China). Final report of EC Research Contract CT93-250, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisbon.

Pruitt, W. O. and Doorenbos, J. 1977. Background and Development of Methods to Predict Reference Crop Evapotranspiration (ETo). Appendix 11 m FAO-ID-24, pp 108-119.

Pruitt, W. O. and Swann, B.D. 1986. Evapotranspiration studies in N. S. W.: Daily vs. hourly meteorological data. Irrigation '86, Darling downs Institute of Advanced Education, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, 29 p.

Rosenberg, N. J., Blad, B. L. and Verma, S. B. 1983. Microclimate. The Biological Environment (2nd edition). J. Wiley, New York.

Snyder, R. L. and Pruitt, W. O. 1992. Evapotranspiration data management in California. Proceedings of the Irrigation and Drainage sessions of ASCE Water Forum '92, T. Engman, ed. ASCE, New York, New York. p. 128-133.

G. Crop evapotranspiration

Alves, I. L. 1995. Modelling crop evapotranspiration. Canopy and aerodynamic resistances. Ph.D. Dissertation, ISA, Univ. Tec. Lisboa (in portuguese).

Bevan, K. 1979. A sensitivity analysis of the Penman-Monteith actual evapotranspiration estimates. J. Hydrol. 44: 169-190.

Howell, T. A., Evett, S. R., Tolk, J. A., Schneider, A. D. and Steiner, J. L. 1996. Evapotranspiration of corn - Southern High Plains. In: Camp, C. R., Sadler, E. J. and Yoder, R. E. (eds.). Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling, ASAE: 158-166.

Jensen, M. E. 1968. Water consumption by agricultural plants. In: Kozlowski, T. T. (ed) Water Deficits and Plant Growth, vol II, Academic Press, New York: 1-22.

Jensen, M. E. 1974. (ed.) Consumptive use of water and irrigation water requirements. Rep. Tech. Com. on Irrig. Water Requirements, Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 227 pp.

Katerji, N. and Perrier, A. 1983. Modélization de l'évapotranspiration réelle ETR d'une parcelle de luzerne: rôle d'un coefficient cultural. Agronomie 3 (6): 513-521 (in French).

Lee, R. 1980. Forest Hydrology. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.

Perrier, A., Archer, P., and de Pablos, B. 1974. Etude de l'évapotranspiration réelle et maximele de diverses cultures. I: Dispositif et mesure. Ann. Agron. 25 (3): 229-243.

Perrier, A., Katerji, N., Gosse, G., and Itier, B. 1980. Etude "in situ" de l'évapotranspiration réelle d'une culture de blé. (In situ study of evapotranspiration rates for a wheat crop). Agric. Meterol. 21:295-311. (in French).

Rijtema, P. E., (1965). "Analysis of actual evapotranspiration." Agric. Res. Rep. No. 69, Centre for Agric. Publ. and Doc., Wageningen.

Shuttleworth, W. J. 1993. Evaporation. In: D. R. Maidment (ed) Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York: 4.1-4.53.

H. Crop coefficients

Abtew, W. and J. Obeysekera. 1995. Lysimeter study of evapotranspiration of cattails and comparison of three estimation methods. Trans. ASAE 38 (1): 121-129.

Allen, R. G., J. Prueger, and R. W. Hill. 1992. Evapotranspiration from Isolated Stands of Hydrophytes: Cattail and Bulrush. Trans ASAE 35 (4): 1191-1198.

Allen, R. G., R. W. Hill, and S. Vemulapali, S. 1994. Evapotranspiration Parameters for Variably-Sized Wetlands. Paper presented at the 1994 Summer Meeting of ASAE. No. 942132, 24 p. Burman, R. D., Nixon, P. R., Wright, J. L. and Pruitt, W. O. 1980 "Water requirements" p. 189-232 in Jensen, M. E. (ed) Design and operation of farm irrigation systems, Amer. Soc. Agric. Engr., St. Joseph, Mich.

Allen, R. G., Smith, M., Pereira, L. S. and Pruitt, W. O. 1997. Proposed revision to the FAO procedure for estimating crop water requirements. In: Chartzoulakes, K. S. (ed.). Proc. 2nd. Int. Sym. on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, ISHS, Acta Hort. Vol. I: 17-33.

Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O., 1977. Crop water requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, (rev.) FAO, Rome, Italy. 144 p.

Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy. 193 pp.

Elliott, R. L., S. L. Harp, G. D. Grosz and M. A. Kizer. 1988. Crop Coefficients for Peanut Evapotranspiration. Agricultural Water Management 15: 155-164.

Feddes, R. A. 1987. Crop factors in relation to Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration. Tech. Bull. Inst. for Land and Water Management Research. No. 67, pp. 33-45.

Fereres, E., (1981). (ed.) "Drip irrigation management." Cooperative Extension, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, Leaflet No. 21259.

Grattan, S. R., W. Bowers, A. Dong, R. L. Snyder, J. J. Carroll, and W. George. 1998. New crop coefficients estimate water use of vegetables, row crops. California Agriculture 52 (1): 16-21.

Howell, T. A., D. A. Bucks, D. A. Goldhamer, and J. M. Lima. 1986. "Management Principles: 4.1 Irrigation Scheduling.", in Trickle Irrigation for Crop Production: Design, Operation and Management (F. S. Nakayama and D. A. Bucks (ed)). Elsevier.

Howell, T. A., Steiner, J. L., Schneider, A. D., and Evett, S. R. 1995. Evapotranspiration of irrigated winter wheat - southern high plains. Trans. ASAE 38 (3): 745-759.

Jensen, M. E. 1974. (ed.) Consumptive use of water and irrigation water requirements. Rep. Tech. Com. on Irrig. Water Requirements, Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 227 pp.

Kolar, J. J. and Kohl, R. A. 1976. Irrigating alfalfa for seed production. Univ. Idaho Agrie. Exp. Station Current Information Series 357., Moscow, Idaho. 3 p.

Liu, Y., Teixeira, J. L., Zhang, H. J. and Pereira, L. S. 1998. Model validation and crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling in the North China plai. Agricultural Water Management 36: 233-246.

Neale, C. M. U. 1987. Development of Reflectance Based Crop Coefficients for Corn. Unpublished Ph D Dissertation, Agricultural Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.

Neale, C. M. U., W. C. Bausch and D. F. Heerman. 1989. Development of reflectance-based crop coefficients for corn. Trans. ASAE 32 (6): 1891-1899.

Pastor, M. and Orgaz, F. 1994. Riego deficitario del olivar: Los programas de recorte de riego en olivar. Agricultura no. 746: 768-776 (in Spanish).

Pereira, L. S., Teixeira, J. L., Pereira, L. A., Ferreira, M. I., and Fernando, R. M., 1987. Simulation models of crop response to irrigation management: research approaches and needs. In: J. Feyen (ed) Simulation Models for Cropping Systems in Relation to Water Management. Commission of the European Communities, EUR 10869, Luxembourg: 19-36.

Pereira, L. S., Perrier, A., Allen, R. G. and Alves, I. 1996. Evapotranspiration: Review of concepts and future trends. In: Camp, C. R., Sadler, E. J., Yoder, R. E. (eds) Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling, ASAE: pp. 109-115.

Pruitt, W. O. 1976. "Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for a windbreak of Monterey pine trees", personal communication, Davis, CA.

Pruitt, W. O. 1986. "Traditional methods 'Evapotranspiration research priorities for the next decade'." ASAE Paper No. 86-2629. 23 p.

Pruitt, W. O., E. Fereres, P. E. Martin, H. Singh, D. W. Henderson, R. M. Hagan, E. Tarantino, and B. Chandio. 1984. "Microclimate, evapotranspiration, and water-use efficiency for drip- and furrow-irrigated tomatoes." Proceedings 12th Congress, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Ft. Collins, CO., p. 367-394.

Rogers, J. S., Allen, L. H., and Calvert, D. J. 1983. Evapotranspiration for humid regions: developing citrus grove, grass cover. Trans. ASAE, 26 (6): 1778-83, 92.

Snyder, R. L., Lanini, B. J., Shaw, D. A., and Pruitt, W. O. 1989a. Using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for agronomic crops, grasses, and vegetable crops. Cooperative Extension, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, Leaflet No. 21427, 12 p.

Snyder, R. L., Lanini, B. J., Shaw, D. A., and Pruitt, W. O. 1989b. Using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for trees and vines. Cooperative Extension, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, Leaflet No. 21428, 8 p.

Wright J. L. 1981. Crop coefficients for estimates of daily crop evapotranspiration. Irrig. Scheduling for Water and Energy Conservation in the 80s, ASAE, Dec. 1981.

Wright, J. L. 1982. New Evapotranspiration Crop Coefficients. J. of Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 108: 57-74.

Wright, J. L. and Jensen, M. E. 1972. Peak water requirements of crops in southern Idaho. J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE 96 (IR1): 193-201.

Wright, J. L. 1990. Evapotranspiration data for dry, edible beans at Kimberly, Idaho., unpublished data, USDA-ARS, Kimberly, Idaho.

I. Lengths of crop growth stages

Allen, R. G. and Gichuki, F. N. 1989. Effects of Projected CO2 - induced Climatic Changes on Irrigation Water Requirements in the Great Plains States (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska). The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States: Appendix C - Agriculture. Vol. 1. EPA-230-05-89-053 (J. B. Smith and D. A. Tirpak, Eds.), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Washington, D. C., (6): 1-42.

Dingkuhn, M. 1994. Climatic determinants of irrigated rice performance in the Sahel. III. Characterizing environments by simulating crop phenology. Agricultural Systems (48): 435-456.

Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O., 1977. Crop water requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, (rev.) FAO, Rome, Italy. 144 p.

Everson, D. O., M. Faubion and D. E. Amos 1978. "Freezing temperatures and growing seasons in Idaho." Univ. Idaho Agric. Exp. station bulletin 494. 18 p.

Kruse E. G. and Haise, H. R. 1974. "Water use by native grasses in high altitude Colorado meadows." U.S.D.A Agric. Res. Service, Western Region report ARS-W-6-1974. 60 pages

O'Halloran, T. F. 1997. Reported crop acreages by month for the Imperial Irrigation District, Imperial Irrigation District, Imperial, Calif., USA. personal communication.

Ritchie, J. T. 1991. Wheat phasic development. In: R. J. Hanks and J. T. Ritchie (Editors), Modeling Plant and Soil Systems, Agronomy Series No. 31, Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wise., Chapter 3, 31-54.

Ritchie, J. T. and D. S. NeSmith. (1991). "Temperature and crop development." In: R. J. Hanks and J. T. Ritchie (Editors). Modeling Plant and Soil Systems, Agronomy Series No. 31, Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wise., Chapter 2, 5-29.

Ritchie, J. T. and Johnson, B. S. (1990). "Soil and plant factors affecting evaporation." Chapter 13 of Irrigation of Agricultural Crops, (Stewart, B. A. and Nielsen, D. R (ed.)), Agronomy Series 30. Am. Soc. Agron. p. 363-390.

Snyder, R. L., Lanini, B. J., Shaw, D. A., and Pruitt, W. O. 1989a. Using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for agronomic crops, grasses, and vegetable crops. Cooperative Extension, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, Leaflet No. 21427, 12 p.

Snyder, R. L., Lanini, B. J., Shaw, D. A., and Pruitt, W. O. 1989b. Using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for trees and vines. Cooperative Extension, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, Leaflet No. 21428, 8 p.

Wright, J. L. 1982. New evapotranspiration crop coefficients. J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 108 (IR2): 57-74.

J. Effects of soil mulches

Battikhi, A. M. and Hill, R. W. 1986. Irrigation scheduling and watermelon yield model for the Jordan Valley. J. Agronomy and Crop Science 157: 145-155.

Battikhi, A. M. and Hill, R. W. 1986. Irrigation scheduling and cantaloupe yield model for the Jordan Valley. Agricultural Water Management 15: 177-187.

Ghawi, I. and Battikhi, A. M. 1986. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production under mulch and trickle irrigation in the Jordan Valley. J. Agronomy and Crop Science 156: 225-236.

Ghinassi, G. and Neri, L. 1998. Effect of mulching with black polyethylee sheets on sweet pepper evapotranspiration losses. In: Pereira, L. S. and Gowing, J. W. (eds.). Water and the Environment: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage. E. & F. N. Spon, London. Pp. 396-403.

Haddadin, S. H. and Ghawi, I. 1983. Effect of plastic mulches on soil water conservation and soil temperature in field grown tomato in the Jordan Valley. Dirasat 13(8): 25-34

Safadi, A. S. 1991. Squash and cucumber yield and water use models unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Biological and Irrigation Engineering, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-4105. 190 p.

K. Non-growing season evapotranspiration

Flerchinger, G. N. and Pierson, F. B. 1991. Modeling plant canopy effects on variability of soil temperature and water. Agr. and For., Meteorol. 56: 227-246.

Running, S. W. and Coughlan, J. C. 1988. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications: I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecological Modeling 42: 125-154.

Saxton, K. E., Johnson, H. P., and Shaw, R. H. (1974). "Modeling evapotranspiration and soil moisture." Trans. ASAE 17 (4): 673-677.

Sinclair, T. R. (1984). "Leaf area development in field-grown soybeans." Agron. J. 76:141-146.

Liu, Y., Teixeira, J. L., Zhang, H. J. and Pereira, L. S. 1998. Model validation and crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling in the North China plai. Agricultural Water Management 36: 233-246.

L. Soil water holding characteristics

Jensen, M. E., Burman, R. D., and Allen, R. G. (1990). Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 70. 332 p.

Keller, J. and Bliesner, R. D. (1990). Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation van Nostrand Reinhold., New York, NY. 652 p.

Ratliff, L. F., Ritchie, J. T., and Cassel, D. K. 1983. Field-measured limits of soil water availability as related to laboratory-measured properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47: 770-775.

M. Rooting depths

Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy. 193 pp.

Keller, J. and Bliesner, R. D. (1990). Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation van Nostrand Reinhold., New York, NY. 652 p.

N. Salinity impacts on evapotranspiration

Ayers, R. S. and D. W. Westcot. 1985. Water quality for agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29, Rev. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 174 pages.

Doorenbos, J. and A. H. Kassam. 1979. Yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 193 pages.

Hanks, R. J. 1984. Prediction of crop yield and water consumption under saline conditions. Section 8.2, pages 272-283, in Shainberg, I. and J. Shalhevet (ed), Soil Salinity under Irrigation: Processes and Management, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Hoffman, G. J., J. A. Jobes, and W. J. Alves. 1983. Response to tall fescue to irrigation water salinity, leaching fraction, and irrigation frequency. Agric. Water. Management 7: 439-456.

Letey, J. and A. Dinar. 1986. Simulated crop-water production functions for several crops when irrigated with saline waters. Hilgardia 54 (1): 1-32.

Letey, J., A. Dinar, and K. C. Knapp. 1985. Crop-water production function model for saline irrigation waters. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49: 1005-1009.

Maas, E. V., 1990. Crop salt tolerance. In: K. K. Tanji (Ed.), Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 71. Am Soc. Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 262-304.

Mieri, A. 1984. Plant response to salinity: experimental methodology and application to the field, Section 8.3, pages 284-297, in Shainberg, I. and J. Shalhevet (ed), Soil Salinity under Irrigation: Processes and Management, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Oster, J. D. 1994. Irrigation with poor quality water - review article. Agricult. Water management 25: 271-297.

Oster, J. D., I. Shainberg, and I. P. Abrol. 1996. Reclamation of salt-affected soil, Ch. 14. In: M. Agassi (ed.). Soil Erosion, Conservation, and Rehabilitation. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. pp 315-35.

Rhodes, J. D., A. Kandiah, and A. M. Mashali. 1992. The use of saline waters for crop production. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 48. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 133 pages.

Shalhevet, J. 1984. Management of Irrigation with Brackish Water, Section 8.4, pages 298-318, in Shainberg, I. and J. Shalhevet (ed), Soil Salinity under Irrigation: Processes and Management, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Shalhevet, J. 1994. Using water of marginal quality for crop production: major issues - review article. Agricult. Water management 25: 233-269.

Stewart, J. I., R. M. Hagan, and W. O. Pruitt. 1976. Salinity effects on corn yield, evapotranspiration, leaching fraction, and irrigation efficiency pages 316-331 in H. E. Dregne (ed). Managing Saline Water for Irrigation, Proceedings of the Int. Conf. on Managing Saline Water for Irrig.: Planning for the Future, Lubbock, TX.

Tanji, K. K. (Ed.), Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. 1990. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 71. Am Soc. Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 113-137

O. Soil evaporation

Hanks, R. J. 1974. Model for predicting plant growth as influenced by evapotranspiration and soil water. Agron. J. 66: 660-665.

Hanks, R. J. 1985. Crop coefficients for transpiration. Advances in Evapotranspiration. Proceedings, National Conf. Advances in Evapotranspiration., ASAE, Chicago, IL., 431-438.

Hanks, R. J. and Hill, R. W. 1980. Modeling Crop Response to Irrigation in Relation to Soils, Climate and Salinity. International Irrigation Information Center, No. 6, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York. 63 p.

Kanemasu, E. T., Stone, L. R., and Powers, W. L. 1976. Evapotranspiration model tested for soybean and sorghum. Agron. J. 68: 569-572.

Pruitt, W. O. 1995. Background information on development of Fig. 6 in FAO-ID-24, personal communication, Davis, CA.

Ritchie, J. T. 1972. Model for predicting evaporation from a row crop with incomplete cover. Water Resources Res. 8: 1204-1213.

Ritchie, J. T. 1974. Evaluating irrigation needs for southeastern U.S.A. 262-273. Proc. Irrig. and Drain. Spec. Conf., ASCE.

Ritchie, J. T., Godwin, D. C., and Singh, U. 1989. Soil and weather inputs for the IBSNAT crop models. Proceedings of the IBSNAT Symposium: Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer: Part I., IBSNAT, Dept. Agronomy and Soil Science, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA. p. 31-45.

Ritchie, J. T. and Johnson, B. S. 1990. "Soil and plant factors affecting evaporation". Chapter 13 of Irrigation of Agricultural Crops, (Stewart, B. a. and Nielsen, D. R. (ed.)), Agronomy Series 30. Am. Soc. Agron. p. 363-390.

Tanner, C.B. and Fuchs, M. 1968. Evaporation from unsaturated surfaces: a generalized combination equation. J. Geophysical Res. 73 (4): 1299-1304.

Tanner, C.B. and Jury, W. A. 1976. Estimating evaporation and transpiration from a crop during incomplete cover. Agron. J. 68: 239-242.

Wright, J. L. 1989. Evaporation data for a dry soil surface condition, unpublished data, USDA-ARS, Kimberly, Idaho.

P. Factors affecting ETc

Allen, I. H., Jones, P. and Jones, J. W. 1985. Rising atmospheric CO2 and evapotranspiration. Proc. Natl. Conf. on Advances in Evapotranspiration (Chicago, IL, 16-17 Dec.), ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.

Burman, R. D., Wright, J. L. and Jensen, M. E. 1975. Changes in climate and estimated evaporation across a large irrigated area in Idaho. Trans. ASAE 18 (6): 1089-1091, 1093.

Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy. 193 pp.

Loommis, R. S. and Williams, W. A. 1969. Productivity and the morphology of crop stand patterns with leaves. In: J. D. Eastin (ed) Physiological Aspects of Crop Yield. ASA, CSSA and SSSA, Madison, WI: 27-47.

Rhoades, J. D., Kandiah, A. and Mashali A. M. 1992. The Use of Saline Waters for Crop Production. Irrig. and Drain. Pap. 48, FAO, Rome.

Shuttleworth, W. J. and Wallace, J. S. 1985. Evaporation from sparse crops - an energy combination theory. Quart. J. Roy Meteorol. Soc. 111: 839-853.

Wallace, J. S., Roberts, J. M., and Sivakuma, M. V. K. 1990. "The estimation of transpiration from sparse dryland millet using stomatal condutance and vegetation area indices." Agric. and Forest Meteorol. 51: 35-49.

Q. Soil water balance and irrigation scheduling

Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. 1995. Regionalization of surface flux densities and moisture indicators in composite terrain. Doctoral thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, 273 pp.

Belmans, C., Wesseling, J. G. and Feddes, R. A. 1983. Simulation model of the water balance of a cropped soil: SWATRE. I. Hydrology, 63: 271-286.

Camp, C. R., Sadler, E. J. and Yoder, R. E. 1996. Evapotranspiration and irrigation scheduling. Proc. Int. Conf. on Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling. Am. Soc. Ag. Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. ISBN 0-929355-82-2. 1166 p.

Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. H. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper No. 33, FAO, Rome, Italy. 193 pp.

Jordan, W. R. and Ritchie, J. T. 1971. Influence of soil water stress on evaporation, root absortion and internal water status of cotton. Plant Phisiol. 48: 783-788.

Kabat, P., van den Broek, B. J. and Feddes, R. A. 1992. SWACROP: a water management and crop production simulation model. ICID Bull. 41 (2): 61-84.

Merriam, J. L. 1966. A management control concept for determining the economical depth and frequency of irrigation. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engrs. 9: 492-498.

Pereira, L. S., Perrier, A. Ait Kadi, M. and Kabat, P. (eds) 1992. Crop Water Models. Special issue of the ICID Bulletin. 41 (2), 200 pp.

Pereira, L. S., van den Broek, B. J., Kabat, P. and Allen, R. G. (eds) 1995. Crop-Water Simulation Models in Practice. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, 339 pp.

Raes, D., Lemmens, H., Van Aelst, P., Vanden Bulcke, M. and Smith, M. 1988. IRSIS - Irrigation Scheduling Information System. Reference Manual n° 3. Institute for Land and Water Management, K. U. Leuven, Belgium. Volume 1&2, 119 & 71 p.

Smith, M. 1992. CROPWAT, a computer program for irrigation planning and management. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 46, FAO, Rome.

Teixeira, J. L., Farrajota, M. P. and Pereira, L. S. 1995. PROREG simulation software to design demand in irrigation projects. In: Pereira, L. S., van den Broek, B. J., Kabat, P. and Allen, R. G. (eds) Crop-Water Simulation Models in Practice. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen: 273-285.

Tuzet, A., Perrier, A. and Masaad, C. 1992. Crop water budget estimation of irrigation requirement. ICID Bull. 41(2): 1-17.

Xevi, E. and Feyen, J. 1992. Combined soil water dynamic model (SWATRER) and summary crop simulation model (SUCROS). ICID Bull. 41 (2): 85-98.

R. General

Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O. 1975. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements, Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 179 p.

Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O. 1977. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements, Irrigation and

Jensen, M. E., Burman, R. D., and Allen, R. G. (ed). 1990. Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practices No. 70., Am. Soc. Civil Engrs., New York, NY, 360 p.

Martin, D. L. and J. R. Gilley 1993. Irrigation Water Requirements. Chapter 2 of the SCS National Engineering Handbook, Soil Conservation Service, Washington D. C., 284 pp.

Pereira, L. S. and Allen, R. G. 1998. Crop water requirements. Chapter 1.5.1 of Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, CIGR and ASAE (in press).


Previous Page Top of Page Next Page