Area:
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582 000 sq.km
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Climate:
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Eastern coast is tropical wet, the rest tropical wet-dry. Rainy season: October-March; tropical cyclones
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Population:
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14.78 million (1999 estimate); G.N.P. per caput: US$ 260 (1998)
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Specific characteristics of the country:
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Low-income food-deficit country
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Logistics:
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Dilapidated roads and lack of spare parts and tyres
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Major foodcrops:
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Rice, roots, tubers, maize, fruit
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Marketing year:
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April/March; Lean season: February/March
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Share of cereals in total calorie intake:
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60 percent
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A joint FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission that visited the country in April/May 2000 found that three successive cyclones and tropical storm in February, March and April 2000, which devastated the North-eastern and Central East Coast areas of Madagascar, affected 1.14 million hectares with varying degrees of severity. About 155 000 hectares of cereals, of which almost 80 percent were under rice and the rest under maize and cassava, were totally lost to floods and high winds. The cyclones also caused serious damage to export crops such as vanilla, coffee and cloves, with 33 000 hectares lost. This will result in reduced exports of vanilla, coffee and cloves over the next 3 years, depending on the economic life of these plantation crops. Drought in the South Region and the central Lake Alaotra region has also sharply reduced agricultural production. The main crops affected by the drought are maize, cassava and sweet potatoes.
Overall, the Mission estimates production of rice (paddy) at 2.19 million tonnes, maize at 0.14 million tonnes and cassava at 2.08 million tonnes for the year 2000. This represents a decrease in production of 15 percent for rice, 22 percent for maize and 18 percent for cassava, compared to last year.
The overall food supply situation is expected to be tight in 2000/01 (April/March). Serious food shortages are anticipated in 17 communes of the traditionally food-deficit South Region in the coming months. The total cereal (rice, maize and wheat) requirements are expected to exceed the total cereal availability by about 518 000 tonnes. With anticipated commercial imports of about 426 000 tonnes and emergency food aid for the affected people estimated at 30 000 tonnes, there is uncovered deficit of 62 000 tonnes. International food assistance will be needed to cover this remaining gap.
Seeds of rice and maize are also urgently required for agricultural rehabilitation in the most affected areas. Food for work programmes could be used in the rehabilitation of the damaged irrigation facilities, roads and other infrastructure.
| Wheat | Rice | Coarse grains | Total | |
| Previous five years average production | 11 | 2 528 | 161 | 2 700 |
| Previous five years average imports | 73 | 63 | 6 | 142 |
| 2000/01 Domestic Availability | 9 | 1 522 | 141 | 1 672 |
| 2000 Production (rice in paddy terms) | 9 | 2 194 | 141 | 2 344 |
| 2000 Production (rice in milled terms) | 9 | 1 492 | 141 | 1 642 |
| Possible stock drawdown | - | 30 | - | 30 |
| 2000/01 Utilization | 77 | 1 942 | 171 | 2 190 |
| Food Use | 76 | 1 823 | 153 | 2 052 |
| of which: local purchase requirement | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Non-food use | 1 | 119 | 18 | 138 |
| Exports or Re-exports | - | - | - | - |
| Possible stock build up | - | - | - | - |
| 2000/01 Import Requirement | 68 | 420 | 30 | 518 |
| Anticipated commercial imports | 66 | 350 | 10 | 426 |
| Food aid needs | 2 | 70 | 20 | 92 |
| Current Aid Position | ||||
| Food aid pledges | 1 | 5 | 3 | 9 |
| of which: Delivered | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 |
| Donor-financed purchases | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| of which: for local use | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| for export | - | - | - | - |
| Estimated Per Caput Consumption (kg/Year) | 5 | 120 | 10 | 135 |
| Indexes | ||||
| 2000 production as % of average: | 87 | |||
| 2000/01 import requirement as % of average: | 365 |
