Area:
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72 000 sq.km
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Climate:
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Mostly tropical wet-dry; extreme south tropical wet; rainy season: March-October
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Population:
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4.92 million (2000 estimate); G.N.P. per caput: US$ 140 (1998)
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Specific characteristics of the country:
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Low-income food-deficit country; coastal country
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Logistics:
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Roads inadequate
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Major foodcrops:
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Rice, roots and tubers
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Marketing year:
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January/December; Lean season: July-August
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Share of cereals in total calorie intake:
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57 percent
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During the first week of May, rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF) fighters killed several UN peacekeepers and took hostage approximately 500 in a series of attacks in the north and east of the country. This dealt a serious setback to the Lome Peace Accord, which had been signed in July 1999 to formally end eight years of civil war. A rebel advance on Freetown over the weekend of May 6 and 7 created panic in the capital and caused the evacuation of most of the UN, embassy and international NGO personnel to neighbouring countries. The situation is now calm in the capital but hostilities between pro-government and rebel forces continue in the east and the north.
These civil disturbances spread out at a critical period for agriculture as planting of the rice crop, the main staple, normally takes place in May/June. Due to insecurity, input distribution was suspended and on-going relief operations were seriously disrupted, notably in the north, including Kambia, Lunsar, Makeni, and Kabala. Humanitarian assessment missions, which had recently reached as far as Kailahun and Kambia, have been blocked by rebels. Despite the current unrest, food distributions to IDPs and other vulnerable groups are continuing in accessible areas, mainly in Freetown, Bo and Kenema, in the Southern Province. However, WFP had to stop food distributions to approximately 200 000 beneficiaries and to curtail school feeding to about 30 000 children in Makeni, Lunsar and Magburaka. Even if security improves in Northern and Eastern Provinces, poor road conditions, recurrent fuel shortages and inadequate logistical facilities continue to hamper humanitarian assistance. During the rainy season, road conditions worsen, impeding the delivery of relief commodities. In addition, many bridges are destroyed, and there are no operating ferries for river crossings; food commodities are currently ferried across rivers in small canoes. With the rainy season, the food supply situation is likely to deteriorate. The country will continue to suffer a chronic food deficit and to be dependent on external aid.
A total of approximately 220 000 IDPs have been registered by aid agencies. Estimates of the total number of non registered IDPs are widely divergent, ranging between 500 000 and 1.2 million. Fighting has displaced an estimated 64 000 people in May, notable from northern areas. Thousands of civilians have sought refuge in forests in nearby Kabala due to fighting. New IDPs arriving in Freetown and Port Loko have been absorbed into existing camps or housed by relatives. An estimated 490 000 Sierra Leonean refugees also remain in neighbouring West African countries : in Guinea (360 000), in Liberia (96 000) and in other West African states (34 000). Some Sierra Leoneans have fled on foot or by boat to neighbouring Guinea to escape the recent renewed fighting. However, RUF forces are reportedly blocking many more people from crossing the border into Guinea. Liberia has not reported any significant new influx of refugees. Between November 1999 and March 2000, an estimated 10 000 refugees returned from Liberia to major towns in the Southern and Eastern Provinces of Sierra Leone. Reports indicate that most of the recent returnees are from Kenema or Kailahun Districts. UNHCR also estimated that as many as 25 000 refugees returned to Kambia District in early 2000 based on a re-registration of refugees in Forecariah Province, Guinea.
| Wheat | Rice | Coarse grains | Total | |
| Previous five years average production | - | 378 | 52 | 430 |
| Previous five years average imports | 95 | 120 | 44 | 259 |
| 2000 Domestic Availability | - | 149 | 32 | 181 |
| 1999 Production (rice in paddy terms) | - | 248 | 32 | 280 |
| 1999 Production (rice in milled terms) | - | 149 | 32 | 181 |
| Possible stock drawdown | - | - | - | - |
| 2000 Utilization | 100 | 319 | 91 | 510 |
| Food Use | 100 | 282 | 85 | 467 |
| of which: local purchase requirement | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Non-food use | - | 37 | 6 | 43 |
| Exports or Re-exports | - | - | - | - |
| Possible stock build up | - | - | - | - |
| 2000 Import Requirement | 100 | 170 | 59 | 329 |
| Anticipated commercial imports | 40 | 120 | - | 160 |
| Food aid needs | 60 | 50 | 59 | 169 |
| Current Aid Position | ||||
| Food aid pledges | 25 | - | 1 | 26 |
| of which: Delivered | 12 | - | 1 | 13 |
| Donor-financed purchases | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| of which: for local use | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| for export | - | - | - | - |
| Estimated Per Caput Consumption (kg/Year) | 20 | 57 | 17 | 95 |
| Indexes | ||||
| 1999 production as % of average: | 65 | |||
| 2000 import requirement as % of average: | 127 |
