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2) Moored FAD Fisheries 2001


Moored FAD fisheries '01

Antigua Barbuda

Date of beginning of FAD development

1997

Type of moored FADs

Light: French Design (Guadeloupe?)

Level of development

Informal experiments

Status of FAD


Total nb of set FADs

6

Nb of FADs in activity

6

Average nb of FADs

6

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)

8 to 20

Minimum depth of setting (m)

200

Maximum depth of setting (m)

600

Cost of a FAD (US$)

$4 500

Advantages of the FAD fishery

Diversification of fishery

Increased Landings

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery


User Rights conflicts

Moored FAD fisheries '01

Antigua Barbuda

Status of fishermen

sport

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Decked vessels

Nb of active boats


Length (m)

6-17,5

Hull material

Fiberglass, wood, aluminum, steel, and Plywood covered with fiberglass

Type of engine

Inboard or outboard motor(s) either gasoline or diesel

Engine power (hp)

75-1100

Other equipments


Avg crew size

3,5

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing

Trolling

Duration

6-8 hours

Fishing gears

Rods and reels

Bait

Ballyhoo

Sp targeted

offshore pelagics

Other sp landed

Offshore pelagics

Fishing area


Activity schedule


Data collection system


Data collected

None

Data reported

None

Total catches recorded (MT)

Unknown

Unit of fishing effort

Unknown

Average effort per trip


Average CPUE

Unknown

Average catches per trip (kg)

Unknown

Moored FAD fisheries '01

Antigua Barbuda

Marketing

Unknown

Sale price


Market form of fish


Import


Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

None Developed

Objectives

Develop the moored FAD fishery to a level that fishers could fish for large pelagics with lesser expense and increased landings

Co-management, adopting quotas and size limits

Strategy

Information

Regulation of the new activity

Feedback system


Moored FAD fisheries '01

Cuba

Date of beginning of FAD development



Type of moored FADs



Level of development

First official experiments

Status of FAD



Total nb of set FADs

3

Nb of FADs in activity

0

Average nb of FADs

Unknown

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)



Minimum depth of setting (m)



Maximum depth of setting (m)



Cost of a FAD (US$)



Advantages of the FAD fishery

Good productive results: 10 MT in 3 months

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

High cost

Status of fishermen

Commercial (national)

Total nb of FAD fishermen



Type of boat

Decked vessels: longline

Nb of active boats



Length (m)

16-23

Hull material

Wood, ferro-cement, 2 steel and 1 plastic

Type of engine

Inboard

Engine power (hp)

150-300

Other equipments

8m fishing hold with ice and 7m live bait tank

Avg crew size

6 to 10

Fishing range (day)

10

Type of fishing

Longlining

Duration

All the trip

Fishing gears

longline in monophilament nylon, a float in each line hook, 500 hooks in average

Bait



Sp targeted



Other sp landed

White marlin


Sailfish


Spearfish

Fishing area

NE

Activity schedule



Data collection system

Biological samplings and others tasks related to the fisheries by Fisheries Research Center observers in each provinces


Catch (by species) and effort, boats at fishing and gears among other aspects of the activity

Data collected

Total catches per species

Data reported

Total catches per species (MT)

White marlin

0

Sailfish

0

Spearfish

0

Total catches recorded (MT)

10

Unit of fishing effort



Average effort per trip



Average CPUE



Average catches per trip (kg)



Marketing



Sale price



Market form of fish



Import



Export



Social welfare



Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

Objectives

Considered in plans to develop fisheries

Strategy




Moored FAD fisheries '01

Curaçao

Date of beginning of FAD development

1988

Type of moored FADs

Heavy

Level of development

Commercial fishery

Status of FAD

Public management and funding

Total nb of set FADs

5

Nb of FADs in activity

0

Average nb of FADs

NA

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)


Minimum depth of setting (m)

574

Maximum depth of setting (m)

754

Cost of a FAD (US$)

11800

Advantages of the FAD fishery


Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Difficult to maintain in rough sea conditions with strong currents


Moored FAD fisheries '01

Curaçao

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Undecked vessels: artisanal trollers

Decked vessels: artisanal trollers

Nb of active boats

18

19

30

38

Length (m)

<5

5 to 7

7 to 9

9 to 12

Hull material


Type of engine

Gasoline two stroke outboard engines

Gasoline two stroke outboard engines

Diesel inboard engines

Diesel inboard engines

Engine power (hp)


Other equipments


Avg crew size

1 to 2

Fishing range (day)

>=1

Type of fishing

Trolling

Duration

on their way to the fishing grounds, both when going and coming back

Fishing gears

Surface trolling lines without lead and trolling lines for Wahoo which use a lead

Bait


Sp targeted





Other sp landed

Small tunas


Wahoo

Fishing area

Near Curaçao

Activity schedule





Data collection system





Data collected





Data reported


Total catches recorded (MT)





Unit of fishing effort


Average effort per trip


Average CPUE


Average catches per trip (kg)


Marketing


Sale price


Market form of fish


Import


Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

Public management and funding

Objectives

Deployment of new FADs and monitoring the catches

Strategy



Moored FAD fisheries '01

Dominica


Date of beginning of FAD development

1987

Type of moored FADs

Light

Level of development

Beginning of a commercial fishery


Status of FAD

Community shared, public and private funding


Total nb of set FADs

>11


Nb of FADs in activity



Average nb of FADs



Distance from the coast (nautical mile)

4 to 30

Minimum depth of setting (m)


Maximum depth of setting (m)



Cost of a FAD (US$)

1536

Advantages of the FAD fishery

Increase yields (up to 60-70%) by increasing chances to catch big pelagics

Requires little technological innovation

Cost and effort saving

Eases pressure on reef fishes

Encourage individuals to join the fishery, increases fishers' confidence

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Potential source of conflicts: longlines stolen,, interfere with longlines,,

Vulnerable to hurricanes, boats, pb of safety

too many fishermen, more work and money for monitoring, marketing troubles


Moored FAD fisheries '01

Dominica


Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen



Type of boat

Undecked vessels: artisanal multi-purpose

Nb of active boats

1026

Length (m)

5,7 to 7,3

Hull material

Wood or plastic

Type of engine



Engine power (hp)



Other equipments



Avg crew size

2 to 5

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling and longlining

Duration



Fishing gears

Troll, handline and vertical drifting longline (60m)

Bait

Little tunas for vertical longline

Sp targeted



Other sp landed

Yellowfin tuna


Marlins


Swordfish


Dolphin fish


Skipjack tuna


Wahoo

Fishing area

W of island


Activity schedule



Data collection system

One-off survey


Data collected

Total catches per species in July and august, 2001


Data reported

Total catches per species in July and august, 2001



Yellowfin tuna

0,3


Skipjack tuna

0,4


Blackfin tuna

0,4


Wahoo

0,2


King mackerel

0,2

Total catches recorded (MT)

All sp

1,5

Unit of fishing effort



Average effort per trip



Average CPUE



Average catches per trip (kg)



Marketing



Sale price



Market form of fish



Import



Export



Social welfare



Specific management options for moored FAD fishing


Objectives

FAD development

Strategy

Implementation of the regulation to avoid FAD deployment without permission
Community based meetings


Moored FAD fisheries '01

Grenada

Date of beginning of FAD development

Early 90's

Type of moored FADs

Light or artisanal. Now, anchored vessels

Level of development

Emerging commercial fishery

Status of FAD

Community shared, public funding

Total nb of set FADs

5

Nb of FADs in activity

2

Average nb of FADs

NA

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)


Minimum depth of setting (m)

360

Maximum depth of setting (m)

360

Cost of a FAD (US$)


Advantages of the FAD fishery

Allow very good catches

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Short lifespan

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Undecked vessels: artisanal multi-purpose

Nb of active boats

20 to 30

Length (m)

6 to 8

Hull material


Type of engine

Single Gasoline OBM

Engine power (hp)

45 to 75

Other equipments

50 % of Fleet - VHF Hand Held Radio, Flares, Life jacket

Avg crew size

2

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling

Duration


Fishing gears

Trolling lines

Bait

Live

Sp targeted

Kingfish


Dolphinfish


Blackfin tuna


Yellowfin tuna

Other sp landed


Fishing area

200m in front of a fishing beach

Activity schedule


Data collection system

One-off survey

Data collected

Average catches per fishing trip per boat

Data reported

Average catches per fishing trip per boat

Total catches recorded (MT)


Unit of fishing effort

Fishing trip

Average effort per trip


Average CPUE


Average catches per trip (kg)

10

Marketing


Sale price


Market form of fish


Import


Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

None

Objectives


Strategy



Moored FAD fisheries '01

Guadeloupe (1)

Date of beginning of FAD development

1988

Type of moored FADs

Artisanal

Level of development

Commercial fishery

Status of FAD

Private

Total nb of set FADs

Unknonwn

Nb of FADs in activity

>200

Average nb of FADs

200

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)

2 to 50

Minimum depth of setting (m)

300

Maximum depth of setting (m)

2000

Cost of a FAD (US$)

500

Advantages of the FAD fishery

Self improvement of the cost/lifespan ratio by fishermen

No cost for the whole community

A high density of FADs allows field study of the assessed "biological trap" effect of the FADs

A high density of FADs eases the catch of dolphinfishes

Induces the self regroupment of fishermen in associations to manage FADs

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Decreasing yields around coastal FADs

FADs deployed farer and farer, hazardous for sailing

Marketing the surplus

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Undecked vessels: artisanal multi-purpose

Nb of active boats

Unknown

Length (m)

5 to 9

Hull material

Plastic

Type of engine

1 or 2 outboard gasoline engine

Engine power (hp)


Other equipments


Avg crew size

2

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling and longlining

Duration


Fishing gears

Troll, handline and vertical drifting longline (up to 150m)

Bait

Artificial for trolling, little tunas for vertical longline

Sp targeted

Blue marlin


Yellowfin tuna


Dolphinfish


Other billfishes

Other sp landed

Kingfish


Wahoo


Skipjack tuna


Blackfin tuna


Triggerfishes


Carangidae

Fishing area

Guadeloupe EEZ

Activity schedule

All year long, dolphinfish season from December to May

Data collection system

Logbooks from 1992 to 1995 and since '01

Data collected

Catch per species per trip, trip length, gears

Data reported

Catch per species per trip, trip length, catch per hour of trip, catch per trip

Total catches recorded (MT)


Unit of fishing effort

Hour of trip

Average effort per trip

7,2

Average CPUE

7,5

Average catches per trip (kg)

57,7

Marketing

Local market: 70% directly by fishermen, 20% by non official retailers, 10% by official retailers

Sale price

7 to 8 US$ (down to 3,5US$)

Market form of fish


Import

164t of frozen dolphinfish in '00

Export

None

Social welfare

Social welfare for registered fishermen

Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

Fishermen allowed to deploy private moored FADs if they declare them. The owner of a FAD has priority to fish around it

Objectives


Strategy



Moored FAD fisheries '01

Martinique (2)

Date of beginning of FAD development

1983

Type of moored FADs

Light

Level of development

Commercial fishery

Status of FAD

Community shared, public and private funding

Total nb of set FADs

Unknonwn

Nb of FADs in activity

>30

Average nb of FADs

15

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)

3 to 35

Minimum depth of setting (m)

400

Maximum depth of setting (m)

2500

Cost of a FAD (US$)

2000

Advantages of the FAD fishery


Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Marketing the surplus.


Public fundins very slow to be raised.

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Undecked vessels: artisanal multi-purpose

Nb of active boats

Unknown

Length (m)

6 to 8

Hull material

Plastic

Type of engine

1 outboard gasoline engine

Engine power (hp)

109

Other equipments


Avg crew size

2

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling and longlining

Duration


Fishing gears

Troll, handline and vertical drifting longline (up to 150m)

Bait

Artificial for trolling, little tunas for vertical longline

Sp targeted

Blue marlin


Yellowfin tuna


Other billfishes

Other sp landed

Kingfish


Wahoo


Skipjack tuna


Blackfin tuna


Triggerfishes


Carangidae


Dolphinfish

Fishing area

EEZ, E, N, S of Martinique

Activity schedule

All year long

Data collection system

Logbooks and partial sampling of the landings

Data collected

FL and weight, catches per species per trip, trip length, gears, engine power, gas consumption, fishing time, crew size

Data reported

FL and weight, catches per species per trip, trip length, gears, engine power, gas consumption, fishing time, crew size, catches per hour of trip, per hour of fishing, per liter of gas

Total catches recorded (MT)


Unit of fishing effort

Hour of trip

Average effort per trip

6,5

Average CPUE

8,3

Average catches per trip (kg)

46,6

Marketing

Directly by fishermen

Sale price

8 to 8,5 US$

Market form of fish


Import


Export

None

Social welfare

Social welfare for registered fishermen

Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

FADs are community shared, depoyed and maintained thanks to public fundings

Objectives


Strategy



Moored FAD fisheries '01

St. Kitts

Date of beginning of FAD development

Early 80's

Type of moored FADs


Level of development

Beginning of a commercial fishery

Status of FAD

Private

Total nb of set FADs


Nb of FADs in activity


Average nb of FADs


Distance from the coast (nautical mile)


Minimum depth of setting (m)


Maximum depth of setting (m)


Cost of a FAD (US$)


Advantages of the FAD fishery

Increase the catches

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Create conflicts


Difficulties to replace lost FADs

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat


Nb of active boats


Length (m)


Hull material


Type of engine


Engine power (hp)


Other equipments


Avg crew size

2

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling

Duration


Fishing gears


Bait


Sp targeted


Other sp landed


Fishing area


Activity schedule


Data collection system

5 landing sites systematically sampled at least 1 time a week. FAD landings estimated a posteriori.

Data collected

species, effort, gear, weight and length

Data reported

Estimated annual landings of the FAD fishery ('00)

Total catches recorded (MT)

32

Unit of fishing effort


Average effort per trip


Average CPUE


Average catches per trip (kg)


Marketing

Directly by fishermen

Sale price


Market form of fish


Import

Yes

Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

Objectives

Upgrade regulations governing the use and deployment of FADs

Strategy



Moored FAD fisheries '01

St. Lucia

Date of beginning of FAD development

Early 80's

Type of moored FADs

10 lights, 2 Japanese

Level of development

Beginning of a commercial fishery

Status of FAD

Community shared, public funding

Total nb of set FADs

12

Nb of FADs in activity

1

Average nb of FADs

NA

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)


Minimum depth of setting (m)


Maximum depth of setting (m)


Cost of a FAD (US$)

light: 1873, Japanese: 3745

Advantages of the FAD fishery

Increase the catches

Allow to retarget fishing effort in front of MPAs

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Create conflicts between sports and commercial fishermen Vandalism

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat


Nb of active boats


Length (m)


Hull material


Type of engine


Engine power (hp)


Other equipments


Avg crew size


Fishing range (day)


Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling and longlining

Duration


Fishing gears

Troll, handline and vertical drifting longline

Bait

Small live tunas

Sp targeted

Blue marlin


Yellowfin tuna

Other sp landed


Fishing area


Activity schedule


Data collection system


Data collected

Some amount catch data from FADs

Data reported

None

Total catches recorded (MT)


Unit of fishing effort


Average effort per trip


Average CPUE


Average catches per trip (kg)


Marketing


Sale price


Market form of fish


Import


Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing


Objectives

Contacts

Strategy

On-going strategy of training fishers with technical assistance from the governments of France, Japan and the European Union to use pelagic fishing techniques. Contact with Martinique to deploy more FADs


Moored FAD fisheries '01

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Date of beginning of FAD development

1997

Type of moored FADs

Bamboo raft

Level of development

First official experiments

Status of FAD

Community shared, public funding

Total nb of set FADs

1

Nb of FADs in activity

0

Average nb of FADs

NA

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)

5

Minimum depth of setting (m)

50

Maximum depth of setting (m)

50

Cost of a FAD (US$)


Advantages of the FAD fishery


Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Fishermen cut the FAD after 3 weeks

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Undecked vessels

Nb of active boats


Length (m)

3 - 10

Hull material

wood or marine plywood covered by epoxy or fibreglass; plastic; tree trunk and planks

Type of engine

one or two outboard gasoline engines

Engine power (hp)

14 - 115

Other equipments


Avg crew size

3

Fishing range (day)


Type of fishing

Moored FAD trolling

Duration


Fishing gears

Trolling line

Bait


Sp targeted


Other sp landed

Bonito


Dolphinfish


Skipjack tuna

Fishing area


Activity schedule


Data collection system

One-off survey

Data collected

Catches of 1 fisherman for 3 weeks

Data reported

Catches of 1 fisherman for 3 weeks

Total catches recorded (MT)

0,3

Unit of fishing effort


Average effort per trip


Average CPUE


Average catches per trip (kg)


Marketing


Sale price


Market form of fish


Import


Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing

None

Objectives


Strategy



Moored FAD fisheries '01

Trinidad

Date of beginning of FAD development

1999

Type of moored FADs

Bamboo raft

Level of development

First official experiments

Status of FAD

Community shared, public funding

Total nb of set FADs

3

Nb of FADs in activity

0

Average nb of FADs

NA

Distance from the coast (nautical mile)


Minimum depth of setting (m)


Maximum depth of setting (m)


Cost of a FAD (US$)


Advantages of the FAD fishery

Results in terms of ease of capture of fishes, time spent fishing and number of fish caught, from all reports appeared highly encouraging

Drawbacks of the FAD fishery

Fishermen were not forth coming with information on FADs

Status of fishermen

Commercial (private)

Total nb of FAD fishermen


Type of boat

Pirogues

Nb of active boats


Length (m)

7 to 9

Hull material

wooden, fibreglass or fibreglass-coated

Type of engine

outboard engines

Engine power (hp)

45-75

Other equipments


Avg crew size

3 to 5

Fishing range (day)

1

Type of fishing


Duration


Fishing gears


Bait


Sp targeted


Other sp landed


Fishing area


Activity schedule


Data collection system

One-off survey

Data collected

Data on FAD condition, crew size, fishing time, catch per species per FAD

Data reported

None (fishermen reluctant to give the information)

Total catches recorded (MT)


Unit of fishing effort


Average effort per trip


Average CPUE


Average catches per trip (kg)


Marketing


Sale price


Market form of fish


Import


Export


Social welfare


Specific management options for moored FAD fishing


Objectives

No other FAD deployment planned since the failure of the 1st experiment

Strategy



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