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SENEGAL [SE]

Abbreviations:

MC: Ministry of Commerce
MPH: Ministry of Public Health

References:

SE1

Journal Officiel de la République du Sénégal.

SE2

EC-directive 76/372/01.03.1976. Official Journal EC L102/9, 1976.

SAUDI ARABIA [SA]

Abbreviation:

SASO: Saudi Arabian Standard Organisation

Reference:

SA1

Aflatoxin M1 concentration in commercial samples of milk and dairy products in Kuwait; Srivastava, Bu-Abbas, Alaa-Basuny, Al-Johar, Al-Mufti and Siddiqui, Food Additives and Contaminants 18 (2001) 993 - 997.

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO [YU]

Abbreviations:

MPH: Ministry of Public Health
MA: Ministry of Agriculture

References:

YU1

Regulations on amounts of pesticides, metals and other toxic substances, anabolics and other toxic substances, in foodstuff (1992).

YU2

Guide on sampling method for analysis and superanalysis of samples of food and general use items (60/78 - 1980).

YU3

AOAC methods.

YU4

Regulations of maximum permissible concentrations of toxic and harmful ingredients in feedstuff (1990).

YU5

Regulation on sampling method and physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of feed (15/87 - 1987).

SINGAPORE [SG]

Abbreviation:

AVA: Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority

References:

SG1

Regulation 34 of the Singapore Food Regulations.

SG2

AOAC International, 17th Edition, 990.33.

SG3

JAOAC (1992), Vol. 3: 481.

SG4

Food & Agricultural Immunology (1990). Vol.2: 189-195.

SG5

JAOAC (1978). Vol. 61, 6: 1359-1362.

SG6

J. Chromatography A (1999). 859: 23-28.

SG7

JAOAC International (1997). 80: 825-828.

SG8

VICAM, ZearalaTest HPLC Document.

SG9

J. Chromatography A (1987). Vol. 407: 393-398.

SLOVAKIA [SK]

Abbreviations:

MA: Ministry of Agriculture
MH: Ministry of Health

References:

SK1

Food Codex of Slovak Republik. Registered in Collection of Laws from 29 June 1996.

SK2

ELISA test [ Standard Operating Protocol].

SLOVENIA [SI]

Abbreviations:

MHHI: Ministry of Health, Health Inspectorate
VARS: Veterinary Administration of Republic Slovenia
MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food

References:

SI-1

Rules on contaminants in foodstuffs (OJ RS 69/2003, 16.07.2003).

SI-2

Immunoaffinity columns, HPLC, Kobra cell (Rhone Diagnostics).

SI-3

AOAC, immunoaffinity columns, HPLC (Rhone Diagnostics).

SI-4

Rules on the Sanitary Suitability of Feedingstuffs (OJ RS 65/2002).

SI-5

Rules on the method of sampling and analysis for the official control of feedingstuffs. (OJ RS 41/2003, 05.05.2003).

SI-6

Rules on the method of analysis for the official control of feedingstuffs (OJ RS 73/2003, 29.07.2003; - in accordance with CD 76/372 EEC and 94/14 EEC).

SI-7

AOAC (1995). 16th Ed. Combination with Romer minicolumns.

SI-8

Easi-Extract Zearalenone, Application of immunoaffinity columns for sample clean-up prior to detection of zearalenone using HPLC analysis, Rhone Diagnostics, EE Zearalenone IFU (RP91v7). Doc 27-10-99.

SI-9

Rood HD et al. (1988). Gas chromatographic screening method for T-2 toxin, DAS, DON and related trichothecenes in feeds. Journal of AOAC 71, 493-498.

SI-10

AOAC (1995). Analysis method for Trichothecenes. DON, 3-Acetyl-DON, 15-Acetyl-DON, FUS X, NIV by TLC, Romer; 3 Toxin Test - Analysis Method for Aflatoxin B1, Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol, Romer, AOAC, 16th Ed.

SOUTH AFRICA [ZA]

Abbreviation:

DH: Department of Health

Reference:

ZA1

Regulations R.313 of 16 February 1990, published under the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act (Act 54 of 1972).

SPAIN [ES]

SRI LANKA [LK]

Abbreviations:

MA: Ministry of Agriculture
MH: Ministry of Health

Reference:

LK1

Food (Labelling & Miscellaneous) Regulations 1993.

THE SUDAN [SD]

Abbreviation:

SSMO: not given

SWEDEN [SE]

Abbreviations:

NFA: National Food Administration
SBA: Swedish Board of Agriculture

References:

SE1

SLVFS 1993:36.

SE2

SLVFS 2002:16, annexes 1 & 2.

SE3

SLVFS 2000:43.

SE4

SLVFS 1993:17, annex 15.

SWITZERLAND [CH]

Abbreviation:

OFCACS: Official Food Control Authorities of the Cantons of Switzerland
EVD: Eidgenössische Volkswirtschaftsdepartement

References:

CH1

Verordnung über Fremd- und Inhaltsstoffe in Lebensmitteln. SR817.021.23, see http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c817_021_23.html

CH2

Verordnung über Probenerhebung von Lebensmitteln und Gebrauchsgegenständen. SR817.94, see http://www.bk.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c817_94.html

CH3

Schweizerisches Lebenmittelbuch. Ausgabe 2002, Deutsche Version, Kapitel 54.

CH4

CEN-methods.

CH5

Verordnung des EVD vom 10. Juni 1999 über die Produktion und das Inverkehrbringen von Futternmitteln, Zusatzstoffen für die Tierernährung, Silierungszusätzen und Diätfuttermitteln (Futtermittelbuch-Verordnung, FMBV). SR916.307.1, Artikel 15 und Artikel 17 (Anhang 10, Teil 1, Aflatoxin B1) (available at www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c916_307_1.html).

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC [SY]

Abbreviations:

MS: Ministry of Supply
MH: Ministry of Health
MA: Ministry of Agriculture

TAIWAN PROVINCE OF CHINA [TW]

Abbreviations:

DH: Department of Health
CA: Council of Agriculture

References:

TW1

Standard for the tolerance of aflatoxin in foods. DOH Food No. 8189322 Announced, 1/4/1993.

TW2

Sanitation Standard for Infant Foods. DOH Food No. 8189322. Announced, 1/4/1993.

TW3

Chinese National Standard, General No. 12925, Classified No. N6233, Method of Test for Grains-Sampling.

TW4

AOAC official method 991.31.

TW5

Lin SS, Lin FM, Fu YM, Shih YC (2002). Survey of Aflatoxins of Peanut Products in Taiwan. Ann. Rept. NLFD Taiwan, R.O.C. 20: 257-262.

TW6

Chinese National Standard, General No. 4090, Classified No. N6097, Method of Test for Aflatoxins in Foods.

TW7

Lin SS, Lai CL, Fu YM, Shih YC. Analysis of ochratoxin A of cereals by Reversed Phase HPLC with fluorescence detector (unpublished).

TW8

AOAC official method 995.10.

TW9

Lai CL, Fu YM, Shih YC (2000). Determination of Mycotoxin Patulin in Apple Juice. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 8 (2): 85-96.

TW10

Journal of AOAC Int. (1995). 78: 705-710.

TW11

Chung YJ, Fu YM. Assay of mycotoxin fumonisins in foods (unpublished).

TW12

Chinese National Standard, General No. 3440, Classified No. 6056, Method of Test for Milk and Milk Products-General Rules.

TW13

Journal of AOAC Int. (2001). 84: 437-443.

TW14

Fu YM (1996). Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk powder using immuno-affinity column and fluorescence measurement. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 4 (2): 178-183.

TW15

Chinese National Standard, General No. 13631, Classified No. N6282, Method of Test for Milk and Milk Products-Test for Aflatoxins M1 and M2 in Fluid Milk.

TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF [TZ]

Abbreviation:

NFCC: National Food Control Commission of the Ministry of Health

References:

TZ1

The Food (Control of Quality/Importation of Food) Regulations (1982).

TZ2

Sampling of Agricultural Products and their analysis for Aflatoxin Determination Manual (1989) FAO/UNEP/USSR Tanzanian Project FP/7101/86/03, Centre for International Projects, USSR State Committee for Environment Protection, Moscow.

TZ3

AOAC and ROMER Methods.

THAILAND [TH]

Abbreviation:

MPH-FDA: Ministry of Public Health - Food and Drug Administration

References:

TH1

Notification of Ministry of Public Health No. 98 B.E. 2529. Re: Standard of food containing contaminants.

TH2

Notification of Ministry of Public Health No. 193 B.E. 2543 and its amendment Notification No. 239 B.E. 2544. Re: Prescribing the methods of production, tools and utensils, used in the production and storage of food.

TUNISIA [TN]

Abbreviations:

MH: Ministry of Health
ANCSEP: National Agency for the Sanitary Control for Products

References:

TN1

Official Journal of the Republic of Tunisia. Standard NT 117.02 - 1985.

TN2

EEC published methods.

TURKEY [TR]

Abbreviation:

MARA: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

References:

TR1

Turkish Food Codex Regulation. 1997. Official Gazette (16 November 1997) No. 23172: 1-198 and the amendments to this Codex Regulation: Official Gazette (23 September 2002) No. 24885: 29-40.

TR2

AOAC Official Method 999.07 (2000). Aflatoxins and total aflatoxins in peanut butter, pistachio paste, fig paste and paprika powder. Immunoaffinity column-liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. First action 1999. J AOAC Int. 83: 320.

TR3

AOAC Official Method 2000.16. Aflatoxin B1 in Baby Food. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis; Chapter 49: 37.

TR4

ISO 14501. Milk and milk powder. Determination of aflatoxin M1 content; clean-up by immunoaffinity chromatography and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. First edition 1998-11-15.

TR5

Entwisle C, et al. (2000). Liquid Chromatographic Method with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup for Determination of Ochratoxin A in Barley. AOAC Official Method 2000.03. J. AOAC Int. 83: 1377.

TR6

Ochratest. Procedure for Currants and Raisins. Vicam Ochratest. HPLC Procedure.

TR7

ISO 8128-1 (1993). Apple juice, apple juice concentrates and drinks containing apple juice. Determination of patulin content. Part 1: Method using high-performance liquid chromatography.

TR8

MAFF-UK. Survey of Aflatoxin M1 in Retail Milk and Milk Products. CSL Food Science Laboratory. Norwich Research Park, Colney. Norwich NR4 7UQ. Report No. FD 94/98A.

TR9

Official Gazette (1991). (5 August 1991) No. 20982.

TR10

Stroka J, Von Holst C, Anklam E (2003). Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography Using Post-Column Bromination for Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Cattle Feed: Collaborative Study. AOAC Official Method 2000.02. J. AOAC Int 86: 1179-1186.

UKRAINE [AU]

Abbreviations:

MHP: Ministry of Health Protection
SDVM: State Department of Veterinary Medicine (Ministry of Agricultural Policy)

References:

UA1

The order of the Ministry of Health of USSR No. 5061-89. Medical and biological requirements and sanitary norms of the quality of food raw materials and ready products.

UA2

The order of the Ministry of Agricultural Complex of Ukraine, State Department of Veterinary Medicine No. 16 from 03.11.1998. On approval of the mandatory minimal list of tests of the materials, products of animal and plant origin, raw materials for animal combined feed, vitamins etc. to be conducted by the state laboratories of veterinary medicine and as a result of which the veterinary document F2 is issued.

UA3

Ministry of Health - The issuing agency (2001). Temporary hygienic norms for the contents of chemical and biological contaminants in the biologically active additives. No. TH 4.4.8.073-2001.

UA4

Ministry of Health of USSR. Methodology recommendations for detection, identification and determination of contents of aflatoxins in food products. No. 2273-80.

UA5

Ministry of Health of USSR. Methodology recommendations for detection, identification and determination of contents of patulin in fruit and vegetable juices and puree. No. 2655-82.

UA6

Ministry of Health of USSR. Methodology recommendations for detection, identification and determination of contents of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in grain and grain products. No. 3940-84.

UA7

Ministry of Health of USSR. Methodology recommendations for detection, identification and determination of contents of T-2 toxin in food products and food raw materials. No. 3184-84.

UA8

Ministry of Health of USSR. Methodology recommendations for detection, identification and determination of contents of zearalenone in food products. No. 2964-84.

UA9

Ministry of Health of USSR. Methodology recommendations for detection, identification and determination of aflatoxins in food raw materials and food products by means of high performance liquid chromatography. No. 4082-86.

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES [AE]

Reference:

AE1 Information about maximum residue levels established in various countries. Australian Government, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry; Commonwealth of Australia 2003. Internet access date: 6 October 2003; http://www.affa.gov.au > Product Integrity/Animal and Plant Health > National Residue Survey (NRS).

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND [UK]

Abbreviation:

FSA via PHA and LAEHTSO: Food Standards Agency via the Port Health Authorities and the Local Authority Environmental Health and Trading Standards Officers.

URUGUAY [UY]

Abbreviations:

TLU: Technological Laboratory of Uruguay
MSP: Ministerio de Salud Pública
MGAP: Ministerio de Ganaderiá Agricultura y Pesca

References:

UY1

Decreto 315/994. Reglamento Bromatológico Nacional (1994) page 99, 100A, 283, 302A, 336A.

UY2

Decreto 315/994. Reglamento Bromatológico Nacional (1994) page 99, 100A.

UY3

Decreto 533/001. Ministerio de Salud Pública (2001).

UY4

AOAC (2000). 970.45

UY5

AOAC (2000). 993.17.

UY6

Journal of AOAC International (1994). 77:1518.

UY7

AOAC (2000). 974.18.

UY8

AOAC (2000). 986.17.

UY9

AOAC (2000). 985.18.

UY10

Resoluciones 26 dic. 2001, 7 February 2002, 28. Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (2002).

UY11

Decreto 737/986. Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca (1986).

UY12

Fajardo JE, Dexter JE, Roscoe MM, Nowicki TW (1995). Retention of Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat during Processing. Cereal Chem 72 (3): 291-298.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [US]

Abbreviations:

FDA: Food and Drug Administration
USDA: United States Department of Agriculture

References:

US1

Compliance Policy Guides. CPG 555.400, CPG 570.200, CPG 570.375, CPG 570.500.

US2

Compliance Policy Guide. CPG 510.150.

US3

Unpublished letter from FDA to State Agricultural Directors, State Feed Control Officials, and Food, Feed and Grain Trade Organizations, September 16, 1993.

US4

FDA (2001). Guidance for Industry: Fumonisin Levels in Human Foods and Animal Feeds, November 9, 2001.

US5

http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fumongu2.html.

US6

FDA Investigative Operations Manual,
http://www.fda.gov/ora/inspect_ref/iom/Contents/ch4_TOC.html.

US7

FDA Compliance Program, Mycotoxins in Domestic Foods (7307.001), Mycotoxins in Imported Foods (7307.002).

US8

AOAC International (2000). Official methods of Analysis, 17th Edition, Chapter 49.

US9

Trucksess et al. (1996). Journal of AOAC International 79 (4): 883-887.

US10

Compliance Policy Guide. CPG 527.400.

US11

Compliance Policy Guide. CPG 683.100.

US12

FDA Compliance Program, Feed Contaminants (7371.003).
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/cp04004.html.

VENEZUELA [VZ]

References:

VZ1 AOAC [Title, source, page]
VZ2 AOAC [Title, source, page]

VIET NAM [VN]

Abbreviations:

MH: Ministry of Health
MARD: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

References:

VN1

Ministry of Health (1998). List of hygiene standard of foodstuffs issued with the Decision No. 867/1998/QDD-BYT dated 4/4/1998: 55.

VN2

Ministry of Health. Viet Nam Standards, Normal Rule.

VN3

AOAC

VN4

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Normal Rule

YEMEN [YE]

Abbreviations:

MCI: Ministry of Commerce and Industry
DGSS: Directorate General of Standards & Specifications

Reference:

YE1

AOAC Official Methods (2000). Detection of Natural Toxins. Chapter 49.

ZIMBABWE [ZW]

Abbreviation:

MA: Ministry of Agriculture

Reference:

ZW1

Government Gazette no. 4959- 16.01.1976.

Table 4: Medians and ranges of maximum tolerated levels (mg/kg) for some (groups of) aflatoxins in 1995 and 2003 and numbers of countries known to have relevant regulations


1995

2003

aflatoxin/matrix combination

median (mg/kg)

range (mg/kg)

countries

median (mg/kg)

range (mg/kg)

countries

afla B1 in foodstuffs

4

0-30

33

5

1-20

61

afla B1+B2+G1+G2 in foodstuffs

8

0-50

48

10

0-35

76

afla M1 in milk

0.05

0-1

17

0.05

0.05-15

60

afla B1 in feedstuffs

5

5-50

25

5

5-50

39

afla B1+B2+G1+G2 in feedstuffs

20

0-1 000

17

20

0-50

21


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