Shellfisheries of Thailand: Background and Proposal for Development
| Work Plan Implementation (Working Paper) | SCS/77/WP/61 |
|
Shellfisheries of Thailand: Background and Proposal for Development |
THAILAND
by
H. R. Rabanal, U. Pongsuwana, A. Saraya and W. Poochareon
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT
The copyright in this publication is vested in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder. Applications for such permission with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, should be made through and addressed to the Programme Leader, South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme, P.O. Box 1184, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines.
Project Document Identification
Work Plan Activity
3(d), 4(a)(i) and (b)(i)
3(d) Surveying suitable localities for development of mollusc fisheries and evaluation of their potential.
4. Aquaculture
The objective will be to establish a programme of action for aquaculture development through the improvement of cultural priorities in existing areas in particular countries, and the development of new areas.
Determination of particular aquaculture systems most likely to be profitable.
Detailed descriptions and analyses of the existing aquaculture industry in each country - animals cultured, quantities produced, ares in use, numbers of farms, numbers of persons employed, etc.
Determination of extension and nature of areas suitable for future expansion of aquaculture.
Determine the area of coastal regions suitable for development as farms, with suggestions for the best types of aquaculture in each area.
Specific activity: Identification and formulation of proposal for development of shellfish farming in Thailand
SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME
Manila, Philippines
October 1977
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3. THE SHELLFISH AREAS IN THAILAND
3.1 Mussel areas
3.2 Cockle areas
3.3 Oyster areas
3.4 Decline of areas available for natural growth
and for culture
4.1 Mussel culture
4.2 Cockle culture
4.3 Oyster culture
4.4 Improvement of culture techniques
5. ECONOMICS OF SHELLFISH PRODUCTION
5.1 Market prices
5.2 Prospectus of shellfish farming
5.2.1 Oyster culture
5.2.2 Green mussel
5.2.3 Horse mussel
5.2.4 Ark shell (cockle)
5.3 Diversifying the utilization of shellfish products
5.4 Product development and quality control
5.5 Marketing and distribution
6. PROBLEMS RELATED TO SHELLFISH INDUSTRY
6.1 Over and/or unbalanced production
6.2 Utilization and processing
6.3 Marketing and distribution
6.4 Deterioration of production areas
6.5 Legal and institutional problems
8. LITERATURES CITED AND SELECTED REFERENCES
Table 1 - Shellfish Production in Thailand, 1957–1975
Table 2 - Production of Shellfish in Thailand from Natural Waters
and through Culture, 1971–1975
Table 3 - Production of Shellfish in Thailand by Province
(tons), 1971–1974
Table 4 - Number and Area of Shellfish Farms in Thailand, 1973–1975
Table 5 - Production of Green Mussel by Province (tons), 1971–1974
Table 6 - Production of Horse Mussel by Province (tons), 1971–1974
Table 7 - Production of Cockle by Province (tons), 1971–1974
Table 8 - Production of Oyster by Province (tons), 1971–1974
Table 9 - Extent and Potential of Shellfish Areas in Thailand, 1976
Table 10 - Present and Potential Production of Cultivable Shellfish
in Thailand
Table 11 - Comparative Production of Shellfish from Different Countries
Fig. 1 - Map of Thailand Showing Brackishwater Fisheries Stations
of the Department of Fisheries, 1977
Fig. 2 - Production of Shellfish (Molluscs) in Thailand, 1957–1975
Fig. 3 - Distribution of Green Mussel Farms and Potential Sites
Fig. 4 - Distribution of Horse Mussel Farms and Potential Sites
Fig. 5 - Distribution of Cockle Farms and Potential Sites
Fig. 6 - Distribution of Oyster Farms and Potential Sites
Fig. 7 - Organizational Set-up of the Department of Fisheries, Thailand
Fig. 8 - Organization Chart of Brackishwater Fisheries Division
Fig. 9 - Concrete Peg, Rod and Tube Used in Oyster Culture
Fig. 10 - Paphia undulata, (× 1) hoi lai or carpet shell or short-necked
or short-necked clam
Fig. 11 - Mytilus smaragdinus (× 1), hoy maeng-pu green or sea mussel
Fig. 12 - Stakes using date palm trunks for the culture of
green mussel
Fig. 13 - Drying green mussel meat
Fig. 14 - Modiolus senhausenii, (× 1) hoy kapong or horse mussel
Fig. 15 - Anadara granosa (× 1) hoy kraeng, cockle or ark shell
Fig. 16 - Crassostrea sp., hoy nang rom, hoy ta-krom or oyster
Fig. 17a - Oyster culture using cylindrical blocks of concrete
Fig. 17b - Details of cylindrical block showing how it is
fastened to substratum
Fig. 18 - Oyster culture on hollow cylindrical blocks
ANNEX A - PROJECT PROPOSAL ON SHELLFISH FARMING FOR THAILAND
(Project of the Government of Thailand)
SHELLFISHERIES OF THAILAND: BACKGROUND AND PROPOSAL FOR DEVELOPMENT
by
H. R. RABANAL, Fishery Officer (Aquaculture Development)
South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme
Manila, Philippines
and
U. PONGSUWANA, Director, A. SARAYA, Chief, Ecological Studies Unit,
Aquaculture Survey Section, and W. POOCHAREON, Fishery Biologist
(Shellfish Culture), Aquaculture Survey Section
Brackishwater Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries
Bangkok, Thailand
Thailand is richly endowed with varied economic shellfish (mollusc) resources and has wide areas where these resources used to exist. Prevailing weather conditions which vary from year to year, rapid expansion of coastal communities and increased industrialization in coastal areas have caused wide fluctuations in the yearly production and from a peak in 1971 a definite trend toward lower production within recent years has been shown. Shellfish culture, however, which was initiated only a few years ago, has been found to be useful in increasing and stabilizing future supply of this commodity. The institutional requirements and material support needed to pursue this aspect of development are discussed. A project proposal for the development of shellfish farming is appended.