Protracted conflicts and economic hardships are the main drivers of high acute food insecurity and malnutrition in the Near East and North Africa. The region is also one of the world’s most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Highly dependent on imports, the agri-food sector in the Near East and North Africa has been severely affected by increases in the prices of basic food items and agricultural inputs due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the war in Ukraine. Of most concern, three conflict-affected countries - the Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen - are among the top ten countries with the highest number of people in Crisis or worse levels of food insecurity in the world.