المنتدى العالمي المعني بالأمن الغذائي والتغذية

Currently there is a massive movement to ground sustainability in agricultural development, food security, well-being and environment. In this demission therefore it is very important to integrate agricultural system (crop-livestock and tree system) for the small-scale farmers. It can increase the opportunity for research and development accesses. The interwoven view for research and development work further enhance market opportunity and access as well as technological generation, innovation and adoption. It can also liquidate and/or dismantle unwise competition for resource utilization and allocation but reorganize the united effort with common sense and goal for the development alternatives of agricultural sector for human well-being particularly the poor. It can address efficiency and sustainability on resources and asset allocation as well as increase viability and sustainability in household income, food security and poverty reduction.

Thousands or millions of households in developing country now a day not only food or nutritional insecure but they are insecure for incomes as well to send their children to school, college or university, to get medical treatment during illness and to have better dwelling house. But agriculture (livestock, crop and tree production) has better orientation and contribution since times to come. Now then ever before, it needs more integration and intervention in more inclusive ways over all regions of all the poor.  

Sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition including the role of livestock in the Indian context, especially with more than 70% small holder farmers, is a major challenge posed before the agricultural scientists and nutritionists at present in the country. Several research interventions were carried out in major agro bio-diversity hotspots in India to alleviate poverty and malnutrition and to find an integrated solution for sustainable development among these small holders. Successful models involving five themes 1.Enhancing farm productivity 2. Promoting Nutrition rich local plants and animal foods 3. Facilitating On and Off farm enterprises 4. Need based training and capacity building 5. Knowledge development and dissemination using BCC and ICT tools. 

1-  The role of fish & aquaculture could be considered either separately or with  livestock.                                                                                                  

2-  availability of water is an important threat to the sustainability of all agric. sytems therefore it should taken into consideration also.                                

3- The abovmentioned points (fish & water) are covered separately by HLPE studies

By 2050, there will be two billion more people living on the African continent and over 9 billion globally. GLIMPSETM, an acronym that was introduced in a paper we wrote for IFAMA in 2012 ( http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/142306/2/Connolly2.pdf) using a modified Delphi analysis based on interviews with two dozen agribusiness experts and independent researchers, identified the seven biggest obstacles to providing enough food to feeding the people who will be living on earth by 2050. The GLIMPSE acronym stands for Government, Losses (Wastage), Infrastructure, Markets, Politics&Policies, Science and the Environment.

The GLIMPSE framework places Agribusiness alongside governments, non-governmental organizations and charities as important players in addressing what Harvard calls a ‘wicked’ problem (a problem that cannot be solved using conventional thinking) that is how to feed the growing population, and identifies specific areas where agribusiness can make a difference. 

Since then, the interest in the potential of African agribusiness has led to the Economist magazine coining the phrase ‘Africa rising’, referring to Africa’s economic growth in general, the role of agribusiness in particular, and the importance of the increasingly urban population. The World Economic Forum also recognizes the importance of agriculture, noting that the ten countries which have invested 9-10% or more of their budgets in agriculture are on track to reduce extreme poverty by 50% by 2015 (Suzman 2014).

GLIMPSETM was driven by the recognition that the population of the world is due to increase by 50% in the next 30 years, from 6 billion to 9 billion people. Sub-Saharan Africa alone will account for 1/3 of that growth, as the population more than doubles from over billion in 2013 to at least 1.9 billion in 2050 (World Population Review 2014) and the region also has a very young population, with nearly half the population under the age of 25 in some states—a young population that will soon make up the world’s largest work force. In 2013, six of the top 10 fastest-growing economies in the world were in Africa, including the No.1 and No. 2, South Sudan and Libya, with GDPs of more than 30% and 20%, respectively (http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2014/afr/eng/sreo0414.pdf).

Overall, the continent has averaged GDP growth of 5% annually throughout the past decade, and that pace is expected to continue, with GDP projected to triple by 2030, and achieve a sevenfold increase by 2050 (International Monetary Fund 2014).

Moreover, Africa has ample land: along with South America, it is the continent with the most potential for the development of new agricultural land and (outside the Sahara Desert) much of the continent has ample water resources. Thus, it has the potential to produce not just enough food to meet the needs of its own population, but to help meet the demands of the global population.

The United Nations’ Economic Commission on Africa says that ‘scaling up agribusiness should be Africa’s next growth frontier.’  (http://www.iol.co.za/business/news/scaling-up-agribusiness-should-be-afr...). The question is, can Africa achieve its own version of the Brazilian “miracle of the cerrados”? And if so, what steps are needed?

Despite The Economist’s optimistic headline ‘Africa Rising: The Hopeful Continent’ the obstacles identified under the GLIMPSE™ model account for much of the failure of food production and farm prices to keep up with the overall growth rate in the continent’s economies.

The continent needs not just growth but transformation: much of the economic growth has come from extractive industries, rather than building a business environment that adds value. As a result, growth has failed to produce jobs and in turn a strong middle class has been slow to develop. Agribusiness can help effect that transformation.

It will take change on the part of virtually every constituent in the food chain—governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), farmers, agribusiness and consumers—to successfully solve this wicked problem. It will also take cooperation, among these constituent groups, but it can be done.

Nearly three-quarters of the population of Africa rely on agriculture for their livelihoods (UNdata.org), and agribusiness and agro-industries account for more than 30% of national incomes, as well as the bulk of export revenues. Yet, “agribusiness” is often seen as being part of the problem, pursuing short-term gains at the expense of human development and the environment. NGOs in particular often see the interests of agribusiness as being in direct conflict with the interests of the population. For example, Greenpeace has argued that sustainable agriculture can deliver food for 9 billion people- if governments will listen to people, not agribusinesses (Oram 2012). We take a different perspective: that market-driven, private-sector solutions can not only complement the efforts of governments and NGOs, but also play an essential role in meeting the challenge. 

Some of the GLIMPSE™ factors are equally intractable for governments, NGOs / charities and agribusiness, such as volatile weather (including climate change) and changing eating habits. Others, such as political or economic instability, require government action. Some challenges pose issues for which agribusiness can play a limited, but important role (such as regulations, resources, and infrastructure). However, there are some challenges for which agribusiness is actually the best hope for progress, most notably in supply chain management, markets and innovation.

Sres.

HILPE

Reciban un sincero saludo de mi parte, a la vez permitanme presentarles una breve aportacion al tema que se esta llevando a cabo actualmente por su intitucion.

La seguridad alimentaria esta actualmente enfrentando serios problemas para su sustento a largo plazo si no se aplican programas serios dirigido a promover la agricultura especialmente la agricultura familliar, especialmente a los pequeños y medianos trabajadores del campos. Mi consepto es que se financie a los agricultores con recursos economicos blandos, asesoramiento agricola para mejoral la calidad de los productos tradicionales y para los productos nuevos que son demandados por los mercados, semillas, insumos agricolas. Garantizandoles el mercados de colocacion de los mismo, ejemplo: las comunidades que estan pasando por escases de alimentos.

This initiative is timely and valuable. Some comments on scope.

1. 1. Existing projections
2. Projections are a good departure point.
3. They should also include projected large increases in consumption of produce and processed food.
4. Many projections assume extrapolation from current trends but it is also important to explore trends under different scenarios (see Tilman & Clark, Nature 515: 518-522).
5. Projections should also look at changes in retail structure (especially the back-pedelling on 'supermarketisation') and of course broader shocks. 
6. OECD is conducting a foresight exercise with "regional growth" "sustainability" and "globalisation" futures. This might also be a useful lens.

2.Implications

I would argue that implications for food safety should also be considered. Our work suggests foodborne disease currently cost around 40 million DALYs - a similar burden to lung cancer or TB. Unlike most infectious diseases, foodborne diseases tend to increase with development and urbanisation: witness the problems experienced in China. Vector-borne and water-associated diseases will be important in Africa where massive investment in irigation is anticipated in the next 50 years.

3. Sustainability 

Part of the solution is in disease-proofing change. Our research in irrigated and non-irrigated areas confirms that irrigation changes disease profiles but also finds that clinics are not equipped to deal with this, continuing to diagnose malaria and typhoid even when our serology shows high levels of Q fever, West Nile virus and brucellosis. Irrigation with training of health personnel could avoid this.

It is important to also consider drug resistance and emergence of novel diseases, both of which are strongly linked to livestock intensification.

Important to consider aquaculture as well as livestock

Bonjour, tous le monde

Bien sur que l'élevage peut être un élément important dans la sécurité alimentaire, la grande faute que font beaucoup de nos dirigeant surtout au niveau de mon pays en Afrique du nord c'est d'introduire des races a grand potentiel de production sans pour autant les inclure dans leurs contexte réelle de production initiale. L'idéale je pence serais tous d'abord une organisation concernant la distribution des espèce par endroits de vocation, par exemple le dromadaire au Sahara (sont milieu naturelle), Le bovin au Nord-Est de grand pâturage et pluviométrie importante...ensuit une distribution par vocation raciale, si je prend le mouton, pourquoi introduire la race Ouled-Djellel au niveau de la région Ouest alors qu'elle va non seulement dégradé le couvert végétal a cause de sont comportement lors de se nourrir en plus de cela elle ne va être aussi compétitif que la race Hamra qui elle elle est natif de cette région et "respecte" le couvert végétal. Troisièmement c'est vrais qu'il peut y avoir des races exotique qui on des potentiel zootechnique plus intéressante que celle des races locales, dans ce cas là pour quoi ne pas réalisé des croisement d'introgression en utilisant la technique des puces ADN, d’ailleurs c'est ce que j'ai proposé de réalisé avec la FAO sur le bovin locale par le biais d'un TCP (je n'est eu de nouvelles, cela fait deux années que j'essaye).

L'élevage comme arme stratégique c'est possible avec un peut d'organisation, du travail en équipe et surtout une assistance technique.

Cordialement,

Dr.HDR: Gaouar Samir Bachir Souheil

Maître de conférence à l'Université de Tlemcen, Algérie.

Maître de recherche (Chef d'équipe: Biodiversité, gestion et amélioration des ressources génétique) au niveau du laboratoire de génétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, departement de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire. Université Mohamed Boudiaf USTO BP 1505 El Mnaouer, ORAN, ALGERIE.

+213 (0)559304276

Bonjour à tous,

L'assurance de la sécurité alimentaire peut également se traduire par une augmentation des revenus des ménages. L'élevage peut contribuer significativement à cette augmentation des revenus et avec un minimum d'investissement. Le développement du secteur élevage, surtout en zone semi-aride, peut être un levier du développement et peut sortir des milliers de personnes de la pauvreté et de la malnutrition. Les rapports attachés à ce commentaire illustrent ce point de vue en prenant le cas des zones semi-arides du Sud-Ouest malagasy.

For sustainable livestock development to meet for security, particularly in developing countries like ours, a strategic framework should  be develop to characterize the production system, breed identification, and improvement programme to boost the indigenous resources.

a.Capacity building of stakeholder for proper understanding and implementation of this strategic plan must be incorperated

b. Development of animal breeding   and feed strategy that will enhance sustainable animal improvement. 

L'élaboration du rapport traite l'agriculture durable constitue une opportunité importante pour évaluer les efforts fornis par les différents acteurs notamment les povoirs publics dans le domaine de la sécurité alimentaire à l'echelle locale, regionale et même globale.

L'agriculture durable y compris les ressources naturelles (les ressources halieutiques, les forêts, les parcours, les sols, les eaux, ...) doit traiter les attentes des populations, leurs besoins et comment les integrer dans le processus de preservation et de protection des ressources. L'objectif est d'assurer un exploitation optimale et durable des ces ressources pour les futures générations.

La présentation des pratiques réussies ou des études de cas, à l'échelle des pays ou des localités, constituent une valeur ajoutée exceptionnelle pour l'importance des 2 rapports.

L'évaluation des  potentiels existants en produits alimentaires face aux besoins des population dans le présent ou dans l'avenir, permet de dégager les grandes orientations et pourquoi pas les Sénarios.