This V0 draft synthetizes properly the present situation of inequalities for food security and nutrition in the World.
As regards the guide to the e-consultation on the V0 draft, the issue # 7 (Are there any other issues concerning…) there is, in my opinion, an aspect that merits further consideration. I e Inequalities in FSN and Food Systems when related to the double (under and overnutrition) burden of malnutrition in impoverished populations of high and middle income countries. Due to the growing prevalence of obesity, in comparison to steady status of underweight, the overweight has an important relationship with (up)biased food systems. Therefore it is important to consider the consequences of obesity in view of the risk on: Cardiometabolic disease (1), Colorectal cancer (2), Vascular diseases (3), Type 2 diabetes (4 ), Hyperuricemia (5), Cognitive impairment and dementia (6), this is particularly important due to brain damage already present and its image evaluated in adolescence (7, 8). Apart from these initially subtle clinical conditions, there are two social conditions that require a wider approach for controlling them; The first is the obesity trends and socioeconomic status (9, 10) and the second is the disparity on life expectancy when the Body Mass Index increases (11).
Probably these nutritional deviations are of greater importance and of greater extent in the whole world after their upward trends even in low income countries
References
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- Qian YI, Kong YW, Wan NJ et al. Associations between body mass index in different childhood age periods and hyperuricemia in young adulthood: the China Health and Nutrition Survey cohort study. World J Pediatrics 2022; 18: 680-686. Doi: 10.1007/s12519-022-00573-x
- Guo J, Wang J, Dove A et al. Body Mass Index Trajectories Preceding Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, JAMA Psychiatry 2022 Oct 26. Doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry .2022.3446
- Casey BJ, Cannonier T, Conley MI et al The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: Imaging acquisition across 21 sites. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 2018; 32: 13-34- www. Elsevier.com/locate/dcn
- Lisdahl KM, Sher KJ, Conway KP et al. Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) : Overview of substance use assessment methods. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 2018; 32: 80-96. Doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.007
- Goto R, Nianogo R, Okubo Y et al. Evaluation of Obesity Trends Among US Adolescents by Socioeconomic Status. 1999-2018. JAMA Pediatrics 2022; 176(9): 937-940. Doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.20221838
- Aris IM, Perng W, Dabelea D et al Associations of Neighborhood Opportunity and Social Vulnerability with Trajectories of Childhood Body Mass Index and Obesity Among US Children. JAMA Network Open 2022: 5(12): e2247957. Doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47957
- Dwyer-Lindgren L and the GBD US Health Disparities Collaborators. Life expectancy by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000-2019: a systematic analysis of health disparities, Lancet 2022; 400(10345); 25-38. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00876-S
Manuel Moya