Voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity – Need, scope, nature, and development process
In March 2022, the first session of the Committee on Agriculture (COAG) Sub-Committee on Livestock “requested FAO to organize further consultations on the need, scope, nature, and process for the development of a dedicated voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity.”
In response to this request, FAO is undertaking a wide ranging, inclusive and multistakeholder consultation process, under the overall direction and guidance of the Bureau of the COAG Sub-Committee on Livestock. The main findings of the consultations will be submitted to the Second Session of the COAG Sub-Committee on Livestock, scheduled to take place in May 2024.
In April-May 2023, FAO conducted the Global Survey “Need for a Dedicated Voluntary Guidance Tool for the Sustainable Enhancement of Small-Scale Livestock Productivity”. As outlined in the background document available here, the Global Survey confirmed that a global voluntary guidance tool would be useful, and this e-consultation is based on that assumption.
Objectives of this e-consultation
Based on the findings of the Global Survey, a FAO task force drafted the potential objectives, scope and nature, and process for the development of a dedicated voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity.
With this e-consultation, FAO is seeking the feedback from key partners and stakeholders, including national governments and institutions, small-scale producer organizations, civil society organizations, global and regional development organizations, research organizations and academia, and other global and regional organizations on the following guiding issues:
A |
Please provide your suggestions and views on the proposed objectives, scope and nature of a dedicated voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity as outlined below.Are the proposed objectives, scope and nature of a dedicated voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity relevant and sufficiently comprehensive?Are there any major gaps or omissions? |
B |
Please share good practices, successful experiences and suggestions on the process for the development of voluntary guidance tools.Overviews of good practices and successful experiences together with a hyperlink or citation for each contribution would be appreciated. |
PROPOSED OBJECTIVES, NATURE AND SCOPE, AND PROCESS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DEDICATED VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE TOOL FOR THE SUSTAINABLE ENHANCEMENT OF SMALL-SCALE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY
Objectives
The voluntary guidance tool could help to improve sustainable small-scale livestock productivity by:
- Raising the profile and understanding of the contributions of small-scale livestock producers;
- Suggesting how common constraints to improved small-scale livestock productivity might be overcome;
- Identifying actions and practices that small-scale livestock producers and allied value chain actors could implement or advocate for;
- Identifying themes that would benefit from multi stakeholder engagement at national, regional and/or global levels.
Nature and scope
The tool could be global in scope but focus on low- and middle-income countries, where small-scale livestock production is most important and productivity is reported to be lower.
The potential voluntary guidance tool would provide governments and other stakeholders of the small-scale livestock subsector (including producers and their organizations, civil society organizations and the private sector) with internationally recognized, locally and nationally adaptable guidance and principles that they can voluntarily use as a basis for updating or strengthening of their national strategies, policies, legislation, programmes, investment plans and activities for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity. The guidance and principles would be presented in the same format employed in other voluntary guidance tools developed by FAO.
Given the great diversity of small-scale production systems and that there is no single, agreed definition of the subsector, the voluntary guidance tool would not prescribe a definition of small-scale livestock producers and would focus on farmers and pastoralists, who, at the national level have limited resource endowments, relative to other livestock keepers in the sector. It would focus on production systems that rely mainly on the family labour of both women and men and are integral to household livelihoods and consider both pastoralists and small-scale intensive and extensive farmers.
Process
What would the process for preparing the voluntary guidance tool look like?
The voluntary guidance tool would be developed through an inclusive and participatory process under the overall direction and guidance of the Bureau of the COAG Sub-Committee on Livestock. FAO would play a facilitator role and organize, depending on the funds available: in-person or virtual global and/or regional multi-stakeholder consultation workshops and e-consultations. The draft of the voluntary guidance tool would be submitted to the 3rd Session of the COAG Sub-Committee on Livestock for review and feedback.
Who would participate in the preparation of the voluntary guidance tool?
The consultations would involve representatives of governments, small-scale livestock producers and their organizations, researchers, civil society, development partners, and other relevant private- and public-sector actors. Consultations would be carried out in line with relevant FAO guidelines and strategies, such as the Guidelines for Ensuring Balanced Representation of Civil Society in FAO Meetings and Processes.
The outputs of this online consultation will contribute to the inclusive multistakeholder consultation process, requested by the COAG Sub-Committee on Livestock.
The comments are welcome in English, French and Spanish. To take part in this online consultation, please register to the FSN Forum, if you are not yet a member, or “sign in” to your account. You can insert your comment in the below box “Post your contribution” on this webpage.
The consultation is open until 8 January 2024.
We thank in advance all the contributors for reading, commenting and providing inputs and look forward to your active participation in this consultation process!
Co-Facilitators:
Badi Besbes, Senior Animal Production Officer, Animal Production and Health Division (NSA), FAO
Giacomo de’ Besi, Animal Production Officer, NSA, FAO
Robyn Alders, Senior Consultant, FAO
REFERENCES:
- Report based on the outcomes of the Global Survey “Need for a Dedicated Voluntary Guidance Tool for the Sustainable Enhancement of Small-Scale Livestock Productivity” (available in English, French and Spanish).
- Supplementary material: Respondents and detailed results of the global survey (available in English).
专题
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En Ecuador la ganadería a pequeña escala es una práctica muy común que involucra a aproximadamente el 80% de los 300,000 ganaderos del país. La gran limitación que se enfrenta el ganadero a pequeña escala es la errónea idea de querer producir de forma industrial utilizando una gran cantidad de insumos con un alto impacto sobre el suelo y el ambiente. Esto ha provocado la pérdida de la funcionalidad del ecosistema, la constante presión sobre las áreas de conservación y altos costos de producción que la productividad de sus terrenos no alcanza a sostener. Actualmente, se ha visto con gran esperanza la práctica del manejo holístico y la ganadería regenerativa como una alternativa, debido a la poca o nula utilización de insumos y al enfoque ambiental, social y económico que utiliza. Cuando entendemos y transmitimos que el medio ambiente es un eje transversal de la productividad y la generación de alimentos saludables, hemos logrado motivar a productores a comenzar una transición hacia un modelo regenerativo con grandes resultados.
De igual manera, es muy importante fortalecer la asociatividad buscando formas de manejo comunal que optimicen los microfundios que muchos ganaderos a pequeña escala poseen y anclarlos con las empresas para fortalecer la cadena y poner fin a la informalidad.
Finalmente, la política pública debe estimular el desarrollo de la producción amigable con el medio ambiente con miras a diferenciar esa producción y desarrollar nuevos mercados; y paralelamente buscar formas de incentivar espacios de producción asociativa que comercialice directamente su producto.
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty - Global
In general, the IPC working group on agricultural biodiversity is very positive to the creation of these guidelines. From the different regions the common aspects are:
- Regarding the objectives
- Align the objectives with the objectives of the SSF Guidelines and VGGTs.
- Considering also the milk sector.
- The Guidelines should look at the public policies. It should create a legal framework that could be easily replicated in national policy frameworks.
- Consider to start from a mapping of practices of small-scale food producers in livestock and the already existing policies at national level that protect smal-scale food producers or pastoralists.
- Regarding the scope
- For the small-scale livestock, it would be important to keep the FAO references used already in the 1st report.
- It is important to also use the UNDROP and UNDRIP as framework to define the small-scale livestock.
- Consider the issue of scale of food producers: small-scale food producers cannot follow all the laws applied to the agro-industry system.
- Regarding the nature
- Voluntary Guidelines are fine for two main reasons: easier negotiations on one hand, and on the other, better implementation to the national and local context.
- The guidelines on small-scale livestock should be considered as complementary to the SSF Guidelines and the VGGTs.
- Regarding the process
- Follow as much as possible the processes followed by the SSF Guidelines and VGGTs.
- Important to facilitate autonomous processes of Civil Society Organizations, that might ensure the gender and geographical balance.
- The process should follow the Guidelines for Ensuring Balanced Representation of Civil Society in FAO and the FAO Strategy for Partnership with CSOs.
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty - Africa
Nous sommes d'accord en général avec les objectifs proposés. Toutefois, nous souhaiterions que l'accent soit mis sur les pasteurs et les populations autochtones, qui font également partie de l'élevage à petite échelle.
Il serait important de considérer ces directives comme complémentaires des Directives volontaires pour une pêche durable à petite échelle dans le contexte de la sécurité alimentaire et de l'éradication de la pauvreté et des Directives volontaires pour une gouvernance responsable des régimes fonciers. Il s'agit déjà d'excellents exemples de la manière dont les processus politiques mondiaux peuvent avoir un effet local.
Le processus devrait suivre les directives visant à assurer une représentation équilibrée de la société civile au sein de la FAO et la stratégie de la FAO pour le partenariat avec les OSC. C'est essentiel pour assurer une participation efficace des petits producteurs alimentaires au processus.
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty - MENA region
The objectives of the process should also consider a first phase of collecting existing practices of small-scale food producers in the livestock sector. Not only the practices, but also the already existing policies that protect the work of small-scale livestock or differentiate the small-scale livestock from the industrial model. This would help in highlighting the needs and gaps to be filled with the guidelines.
It is important that the guidelines focus on the small-scale food producers and not on all farmers. The scales are fundamental to be applied in this kind of global tools. We are suffering from the agro industry proposing always the same phytosanitary rules to our scale, and those rules cannot be afforded.
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty - Latin American and Caribbean
Por lo que se trata de los objetivos, están muy bien y también será importante la valorización de la biodiversidad ganadera y su relación con cada ecosistema. Así mismo, sería importante plantear la conexión de cercanía y también dedicarle un espacio a la lechería. Se podría pensar también en una construcción colectiva de los objetivos donde participen las organizaciones del sector y sectores relacionados/vinculados.
Para el alcance de las directrices, seria importante tener una guía global, que se pueda después implementar al nivel regional y local a través de otros procesos, como por ejemplo la Década por la Agricultura Familiar de la FAO. Entendemos que no es fácil de llegar a una definición univoca de ganaderos y ganaderas a pequeña escala, pero se puede en esto caso hacer referencia a la definición de campesino/a de la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Campesinos y de Otras Personas que Trabajan en las Zonas Rurales y también a la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, debido al hecho que son actores indispensables para la ganadería en pequeña escala.
Sobre el proceso de construcción de las líneas guías es importante facilitar lo más posible a consultas autónomas presenciales de la sociedad civil (cada organización global pueda organizar la consulta y enviar la propuesta a la FAO). Y después de esto, empezar la negociación con un texto que pueda incorporar ya las propuestas de gobiernos y sociedad civil.
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty - Europe and Central Asia
In Europe, especially in ECVC, we are working on some political proposals to support an ambitious transition to peasant farming. There is an urgent need for Europe to transition to genuine social, economic and environmental sustainability. It is time to think about how we can viably move away from industrialized livestock farming models and ensure that in Europe, the number of animals reared does not exceed what each given territory is capable of sustaining, starting by how much animal feed that can produce. At the same time, farmers must also be duly remunerated for the fruits their labor. This is what we refer to as the re-territorialization of livestock farming.
This process could be really important for our initiative. The Guidelines should serve indeed to facilitate political processes at the regional level to implement legal frameworks to ensure the sustainable livestock and pastoralism. The Guidelines should look at creating a legal policy environment that would facilitate the small-scale livestock in their daily work and livelihoods.
The nature should be voluntary guidelines (as the SSF Guidelines or the VGGTs) in order to facilitate the process of negotiation and avoid blocking from some more agro-industry oriented countries. We need to have a tool that can facilitate the creation of specific policies at national level. The voluntary guidelines at global level can also represent an easier tool to be implemented to the national or local context.
The process should consider the different regional perspectives, and it should somehow support the CSOs in having autonomous consultations with a respect on the gender and geographical balance in order to not leave anyone behind.
Suggested documents to deepen the issue: https://www.eurovia.org/publications/livestock-farming-in-the-european-…
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty - Asia and Pacific perspective
Regarding the objectives, the region suggests that the process should follow the SSF Guidelines for a more transformation approach that builds in the importance of knowledge, territory and sovereignty, without a focus on ‘productivity’. E.g. to promote the contribution of small-scale livestock producers to an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable future for the planet and its people and contributing to eradication of hunger. Therefore, it would be important to avoid the focus on productivity in this case.
For what concern the scope, it can be reasonable given the diversity of the meaning of small scale around the world. However, it worth considering the report’s comment that ‘small-scale production systems continue to provide livelihoods for the producing households and important ecosystem services – such as habitat provision, biodiversity (both wild and agrobiodiversity) and vegetation management – for the benefit of society (FAO, 2022a). Small-scale livestock farmers and pastoralists are the custodians of much of the world’s animal genetic diversity (FAO, 2007).’. These values are important and could really help in framing the scope of the guidelines.
Regarding the process, it would be best to start with small-scale livestock farmers’ organisations to do the democratic discussions and knowledge sharing, which could then provide the base for the next stage of discussions. Limiting the scope of their involvement to what is already proposed by policymakers reduces the transformative potential of this exercise.
Suggested read: Jonas, T., Trethewey B., (2023) Agroecology for Structural One Health, Society for International Development.
Objetivos.
Los objetivos propuestos son muy pertinentes para generar aportes a las y los productores ganaderos de pequeña escala.
Coincido con varias de las personas que aportaron sus contribuciones a esta consulta en el rol primordial de las mujeres en la ganadería de pequeña escala. El ítem “Mejorar el perfil y la comprensión de las contribuciones de los productores pecuarios en pequeña escala” puede ser una buena oportunidad para visibilizar ese trabajo.
Naturaleza y alcance
Esta propuesta está centrada en los “países de ingresos bajos y medios, donde la producción pecuaria en pequeña escala es más importante y la productividad resulta ser más baja”. Considero que sería oportuno definir las formas de medir productividad, vincular la productividad con la escala de producción y definir los parámetros que se usan para definir si la productividad es alta o baja.
Me parece importan no perder de vista a la hora de generar políticas orientadas al aumento sostenible de la productividad ganadera en pequeña escala que en países de ingresos bajos y medios este tipo de productores lleva adelante su producción en sistemas naturales (bosques, sabanas, estepas, pastizales, etc.). En estos ambientes, los productores y las productoras realizan prácticas ganaderas (y agrícolas) muy diferentes a los productores capitalizados de su misma región. En general, no realizan grandes transformaciones de los ecosistemas ni se incorporan insumos externos como si ocurre en sistemas capitalizados donde por ejemplo es muy común, cuando las condiciones ambientales lo permiten, reemplazar las áreas de bosque y pastizales por pasturas implantadas que requieren grandes aportes de energía y de capital. Medir productividad como kg de carne/unidad de superficie (por ejemplo) en una u otra situación no parece que pueda ser comparable. Mucho menos analizar la sustentabilidad si los parámetros a evaluar no consideran las transformaciones ambientales que se genera en uno u otro caso.
En el caso de las producciones pecuarias mas intensivas, los productores y las productoras suelen ser también agricultores, y como parte de una estrategia productiva diversificada relacionan de manera directa la agricultura y la ganadería generando sistemas cerrados a nivel de finca. En este caso también es necesario pensar herramientas para medir la productividad y establecer cuáles son los objetivos de incremento sostenible de la productividad.
En nuestros años de trabajo con productores y productoras campesinas de sistemas de base natural (bosque xerófito) encontramos que es necesario desarrollar indicadores acordes al sistema productivo para evaluar la realización de objetivos. También consideramos que se requiere del desarrollo de tecnologías y procesos endógenos no estandarizados acordes al socio-ecosistema donde se va a desarrollar la propuesta.
This is a contribution of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock of Brazil, through its Secretariat of Innovation, Sustainable Development, Irrigation, and Cooperativism.
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As part of its governments and other stakeholders recommendation, the voluntary guidance tool should take into consideration the different types of small-scale farming mainly depending on their business model (e.g., peasant, business, family) and the encouragement of technical and managerial training on the property.
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The main public policy strategies for small-scale livestock farming are the adoption of simple technologies for improving pasture, supplementing animal feed and observing sanitary parameters. Technology transfer with technical assistance is the best strategy for this stage.
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Small-scale farming demands coordination strategies and cooperative work to prosper, in addition to establishing relationships with the processing industry. Models that guide government and other stakeholders in the search for cooperation and incremental gain strategies will be crucial to the success of the process.
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Division of responsibilities between the links in the production chains (producer/industry) is essential. Among the most relevant points are the animal health issues linked to the product and the sustainability aspects of production, involving social, environmental and economic dimensions. Tax incentives for the industries that encourage the improvement of the indicators of its integrated farmers are also important.
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It is essential to recommend targets and specific goals for each small-scale livestock segment to monitor policy advances, in addition to defining indicators to be pursued in line with international parameters.
World Rural Forum – Global feedback
The World Rural Forum, a plural network that works in favour of Family Farming and sustainable rural development, in collaboration with FAO, opened a consultation process with several of its regional partner organisations to gather suggestions and views on the proposed objectives, scope and nature of a dedicated voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable enhancement of small-scale livestock productivity.
The regional organisations that participated were: ESAFF, PIFON, NUWUA, PDRR, INCUPO representing Africa, Asia and Pacific, Central Asia and Latin America regions.
Below, we share the summary of the views and suggestions gathered in the consultations:
The regional organisations consulted confirm the usefulness and recognise the importance of developing a specific voluntary guidance tool for the sustainable improvement of small-scale livestock productivity, especially as it is global scope and focused on low- and middle-income countries. Although, in this regard, some organisations mention that the instrument should not only focus on low-income countries, they suggest not to lose sight of countries categorised as developed, as some countries for example in Latin America have high rates of inequality.
Regarding the characterisation of small livestock producers, some regions agree that livestock producers cannot be categorised generically as they are a diverse heterogeneous group that even shows differences at the local level. They fear that this diversity in the characterisation of livestock producers is not sufficiently reflected in the instrument and therefore does not adequately respond to the specific needs of each territory. Furthermore, the organisations consulted point out that livestock farmers and pastoralists are family farmers and want this to be reflected in the instrument, stating that family farmers often carry out mixed farming activities, cultivating crops and raising animals at the same time.
Livestock producers face numerous challenges in the daily practice of their work which have been reflected in the report based on the results of the survey and unanimously confirmed by the organisations consulted.
Among the challenges mentioned are gaps in legislation and state programmes to guarantee their access to financial resources, lack of access to infrastructure, access to and use of technology and innovation, land tenure rights, capacity building programmes or access to information.
The organisations also state that livestock keepers and pastoralists face the daily challenges of the consequences of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. The lack of support they receive to address these challenges and to manage disasters increases their vulnerability and makes it difficult for them to maintain productivity and secure the livelihoods of their own households and communities. They call for recognition of their fundamental role in the sustainable development of the planet and their contribution through their production systems to local food and nutrition security, as well as to the development and regeneration of local economies.
On the other hand, the regional organisations consulted mentioned that there is a high degree of informality in the work carried out by small-scale livestock producers, which leaves them outside the system and access to financial opportunities or state resources. In addition, they call for greater attention to be paid to more vulnerable groups such as young people and women, who play a fundamental role in sustainability and in the transmission of traditional cultural practices that are beneficial for guaranteeing local economic, social and cultural sustainability.
The organisations add that in order to talk about sustainable production, it is important that small-scale livestock producers have access to information on modern innovative practices that are at the same time respectful of the ecosystem and allow them to maximise the yield of their production. For some regions consulted, it is important to pay special attention to animal and environmental rights with an integrated approach to human, animal and environmental health. The organisations stress that livestock keepers are a key element in the food and nutrition security of their communities and therefore it is important to dedicate resources, programmes and scientific research to issues such as ecology, environment and climate change.
The regional organisations share some successful practices being implemented in their countries, including:
- In the Pacific: Integrating livestock into a regenerative agriculture system.
- Kyrgyzstan: New Pastoralist law for leasing land for nomadic pastoralism
- Uganda: Grazing of dairy cows by family farmers
- Argentina: "Manual on Agroecological Goat Breeding" Produced by INCUPO
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Spanish
El Foro Rural Mundial, red plural que promueve la Agricultura Familiar y el Desarrollo Rural Sostenible, en colaboración con la FAO abrió un proceso de consulta con varias de sus organizaciones regionales aliadas para recoger las opiniones y sugerencias sobre los objetivos propuestos, el alcance y la naturaleza de un instrumento específico de orientación de carácter voluntario para la mejora sostenible de la productividad ganadera en pequeña escala.
Las organizaciones regionales que participaron fueron: ESAFF, PIFON, NUWUA, PDRR, INCUPO representando a las regiones de África, Asia y Pacífico, Asia Central y América Latina.
A continuación, compartimos el resumen de las opiniones y sugerencias recogidas en las consultas:
Las organizaciones regionales consultadas confirman la utilidad y reconocen la importancia de desarrollar un instrumento específico de orientación de carácter voluntario para la mejora sostenible de la productividad ganadera a pequeña escala, especialmente porque tiene alcance global y está centrada en países de ingresos bajos y medios. Aunque, a este respecto, algunas organizaciones mencionan que el instrumento no debe enfocarse solamente en países con rentas bajas, sugieren no perder de vista países categorizados como desarrollados, ya que algunos países por ejemplo de América Latina presentan grandes índices de desigualdad.
En cuanto a la caracterización de los pequeños productores pecuarios, algunas regiones coinciden que los ganaderos no pueden categorizarse genéricamente ya que componen un grupo heterogéneo diverso que incluso muestra diferencias a nivel local. Temen que esta diversidad en la caracterización de los productores ganaderos no quede suficientemente reflejada en el instrumento y por tanto, no responda adecuadamente a las necesidades específicas de cada territorio. Además, las organizaciones consultadas remarcan que los ganaderos y pastores son agricultores familiares y quieren que se mantenga reflejado en el instrumento, exponen que en muchas ocasiones los agricultores familiares realizan actividades agrícolas mixtas, cultivan y crían animales al mismo tiempo.
Los productores pecuarios enfrentan numerosos desafíos en la práctica diaria de su labor que han sido reflejados en el informe basado en los resultados de la encuesta que las organizaciones consultadas confirman unánimemente.
Entre los desafíos mencionados caben destacar los vacíos legislativos y programas estatales que garanticen su acceso a recursos financieros, falta de acceso a infraestructura, acceso y uso de tecnología e innovación, derechos en la tenencia de tierras, programas de desarrollo de capacidades o acceso a la información.
Así mismo, las organizaciones afirman que los ganaderos y pastores asumen los retos diarios de las consecuencias del cambio climático, de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y de la degradación del medio ambiente. La falta de apoyo que reciben para afrontar estos desafíos y para la gestión de los desastres, aumenta su vulnerabilidad y les dificulta mantener la productividad y asegurar los medios de vida de sus propios hogares y comunidades. Reclaman el reconocimiento de su papel fundamental en el desarrollo sostenible del planeta y su contribución a través de sus sistemas de producción a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional local, así como al desarrollo y regeneración de las economías locales.
Por otro lado, las organizaciones regionales consultadas, mencionan que existe un alto grado de informalidad en el trabajo que desempeñan los productores pecuarios a pequeña escala que les deja fuera del sistema y acceso a oportunidades financieras o de recursos estatales. Además, reclaman mayor atención a grupos más vulnerables como son los jóvenes y las mujeres que tienen un rol fundamental en la sostenibilidad y en la transmisión de prácticas culturales tradicionales beneficiosas para garantizar el sostenimiento económico, social y cultural local.
Las organizaciones añaden que para hablar de producción sostenible es importante que el productor pecuario a pequeña escala tenga acceso a la información sobre prácticas innovadoras modernas y a la vez respetuosas con el ecosistema que les permita dar el máximo rendimiento a sus producciones. Para algunas regiones consultadas, es importante prestar especial atención a los derechos animales y medioambientales con un enfoque integrado de salud humana, animal y ambiental. Las organizaciones remarcan que los ganaderos son un elemento clave en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de sus comunidades y por ello es importante dedicar recursos, programas e investigación científica a temas como la ecología, medio ambiente y cambio climático.
Las organizaciones regionales comparten algunas prácticas exitosas que se están llevando a cabo en sus países, entre las que cabe destacar:
- En el Pacífico: La integración de la ganadería en un sistema de agricultura regenerativa
- Kirguistán: Nueva ley de Pastoreo para el arrendamiento de tierras para el pastoreo nómada
- Uganda: Pastoreo de vacas lecheras de agricultores familiares
- Argentina: «Manual de cría caprina agroecológica» Elaborado por INCUPO
该活动现已结束。请联系 [email protected] 了解更多信息。