Different ways of defining resilience : Animal Rights groups might say a system was 'resilient' if animals always received humane treatment and slaughter e.g. the OIE Terrestrial Code, and the EU 5 Freedoms during any kind of crisis/shock (e.g. swine flu/bird flu). Other shocks include flooding, where animals are left to drown. Heat waves, where animals are left to cook alive with no water. Extreme cold, where animals are left to freeze to death (links for these issues at end). I would appreciate that FAO looked at all the links so you can understand the scale of torture.
During Swine Flu, Bird Flu, the main vulnerabilities facing food supply chain is inhumane disposal of animals. Tens of thousands of pigs and chickens are being buried alive and also burned alive, for the crime of having a virus. This is not a resilient food system. The following examples are all in China - the country of the FAO Director, who talks about green food systems, and humane practices.
https://www.ciwf.org.uk/news/2018/09/pigs-are-being-buried-alive-in-chi…
https://www.kinderworld.org/blog/the-hidden-victims-of-the-swine-fever-…
https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/an-inhumane-and-dange…
https://www.kinderworld.org/videos/meat-industry/pigs-buried-alive-sout…
What are the determinants, assets and skills that lead to resilience at different scales (household, community, national, regional)? You have to have governments who have a heart and compassion for animals. Governments who follow the OIE Terrestrial Code/EU 5 Freedoms correctly. Governments that would fine anyone for burning and burying pigs alive. Sadly governments all over the world ignore the petitions sent to them asking for better treatment of animals.
How can resilience be evaluated and/or measured at different scales (household, community, national, regional)? You need professional evaluators, independent of the governments. They should have a check list. In the case of swine flu, by law the evaluator should attend and ensure that no pigs are being buried or burned alive.
What indicators would measure that food systems are resilient across their different components (e.g. consumption, supply chains, retail and production)? In the case of Swine Flu - an indicator was. Did you burn alive or bury alive the pigs, or did you follow the OIE guidelines correctly. How many pigs were buried alive? How many pigs were burned alive. How many pigs were killed humanely according to OIE guidelines.
Which and where are the weak points in global food systems in terms of ensuring the resilience of food security and nutrition? All animal rights activists will tell you the weak point is governments who do not care. Especially in food systems with animals. China for example, millions of dogs and cats are boiled alive, turtles are boiled alive, octopus are boiled alive, new born lambs are cooked alive as their mothers give birth in ovens, monkeys are eaten alive, and the governments receive thousands of petitions on this subject, but they don't care. In USA, thousands of pigs and chickens are scalded and dismembered alive but the governments ignore petitions. They also call you a terrorist and give you 20 year sentence if you go in to try and report on animal torture. I do hope FAO speaks to governments about this. Animal rights activists are the good guys, and FAO should be helping us. I repeat - the weak point of resilience in animal agriculture are the governments, because they do not care. If they cared, then this would not be happening.
What types of shock are more relevant to food systems and which ones are more likely to affect FSN? What type of shocks have been under-researched, especially regarding their impact on FSN and food systems?
Virus shocks in live stock are under researched. You only have to look at how the animals are being discarded to know that. Heat shocks are under researched, freezing shocks are under researched. I attach evidence at end.
How might different kinds of shocks (e.g. climatic, social, financial or political) affect different regions and different aspects of the food system (e.g. production, processing or distribution)?
There are plenty of climatic shocks e.g. no water that affect live stock who are left to die with no water. There is the shock of swine flu and bird flu. There are shocks because its too cold and animals freeze to death, and because its too hot, animals bake alive.
https://mercyforanimals.org/blog/sickening-new-video-reveals-calves-freezing/
https://animalsaustralia.org/our-work/live-export/lynn-simpson-a-life-live-export-stories/
There was also the shock of Covid. Because a factory in USA had to close during Covid, the pigs were just steamed alive, to get rid of them. The person who tried to report on this was called a terrorist by the US Government.
Thousands of pigs are steamed to death at Iowa's largest pork producer | Daily Mail Online
What types of policy changes are needed to enhance the resilience of local, regional and global food systems, including with respect to global trading rules and considering inclusive and equitable employment opportunities, environmental sustainability, access to healthy diets and human rights? The governments need to be serious and should be accounting to someone at the UN, and should sign up to a PACT. They ignore the OIE Terrestrial Code. The governments need to sign up to the UN Pact and promise they will protect animals from the ROUTINE torture. I call it routine, because if you care to look at all the links and videos I send, you will see its always torture, not slaughter.
What is the role of states in building more resilient food systems, including with respect to providing infrastructure, regulatory measures, international policy coordination and policy coherence?
The governments are not following any regulations when it comes to Animal Welfare. Any regulations that are there are often ignored. This is why there is so much animal torture (its torture not slaughter). The governments do not care.
What measures are necessary to incentivize private sector strategies and investments that promote supply chain resilience? In the case of Animal Agriculture, the measures must be very strict legal laws, imprisonment for bosses who allow animal torture. Imprisonment for factory farming boss who allow factory farms to torture animals. In the case of all these animals scalded alive (being tortured) its because the private sector says there is not enough time to ensure they all receive humane slaughter. They say they cannot afford it in the production line time scales to give animals a humane slaughter. The UNFAO must address this. Millions of pigs in factory farms are not afforded the luxury of bleeding out before being scalded or dismembered, and this is in the USA. In China of course its the same. If the UNFAO and OIE allow this to continue, then everyone has failed the SDGS. The UNFAO forget that animal sentience is a big part of the SDGS.
https://mercyforanimals.org/blog/uk-study-thousands-of-farmed-animals-s…
Ali Dolloso